高一英语必修3Unit4SectionⅡ

1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage PointsUnit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars1. unlikeprep.与与不同；不像不同；不像(教材教材P26) Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在像火星这样的其他行星上也出现过水，但和地球不同的是在像火星这样

2、的其他行星上也出现过水，但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。这些水后来都消失了。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars(1)unlikely adj.未必会发生的；不大可能的未必会发生的；不大可能的It is unlikely that. 的可能性不大的可能性不大(2)likely adj. 可能的可能的adv. 很可能很可能It is likely that. 可能可能sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事有可能做某事not likely 口语口语才不呢；绝不可能才不呢；绝不可能(表示强烈反对或某事不

3、会表示强烈反对或某事不会发生发生)栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsUnlike her younger brother，she is more hardworking.和她弟弟不同的是，她更刻苦。和她弟弟不同的是，她更刻苦。The writer Tong Hua s new novel is _ all her previous ones.作家桐华新出的这部小说与她以前的不同。作家桐华新出的这部小说与她以前的不同。It is likely that we will win the final match.很可能我们会赢得最后的比赛

4、。很可能我们会赢得最后的比赛。Liu Xiang has announced his retirement and he _ take part in the 31th Olympic Games to be held in Brazil in 2016.刘翔已经宣布退役，他不可能参加刘翔已经宣布退役，他不可能参加2016年将在巴西举行的第年将在巴西举行的第31届奥运会。届奥运会。unlikeis unlikely to栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】句型转换句型转换He is so lazy that he is u

5、nlikely to pass the exam.He is so lazy that _.it is unlikely that he will pass the exam栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars2. harmfuladj.有害的；造成伤害的有害的；造成伤害的(教材教材P26) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids

6、into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水的存在，使地球得以很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水的存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars(1)be harmful to对对有害有害(2)harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤害的无害的，不致伤害的be harmless to 对对无害的无害的(3)harm n. 伤害伤害do harm to sb./do sb.harm 对某人有害对某人有害There is n

7、o harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处。做某事没有害处。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsThe haze in the air is harmful to our health.空气中的雾霾对我们的健康有害。空气中的雾霾对我们的健康有害。Drinking too much will _ your stomach.饮酒过量会伤胃。饮酒过量会伤胃。There is no harm in lying on the beach in summer.夏天躺在海边是没有害处的。夏天躺在海边是没有害处的。do harm to/

8、be harmful to栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】用用harm的有关知识完成下面片段的有关知识完成下面片段Not having breakfast _(对对有害有害) your health.In addition，eating too much fat _(对对有害有害) your health.But _(做做没有害处没有害处)in eating some fruits between the two meals

9、.does harm to / is harmful todoes harm to / is harmful tothere is no harm栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars3. existvi.存在；生存存在；生存(教材教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋，在地球上存在了它们也下蛋，在地球上存在了14 000多万年。多万年。(1)exist in.存在于存在于中中exist on. 靠靠生

10、活生活/生存生存There exists. 某地有某地有(2)existence n. 存在；生活存在；生活in existence 现存的，现有的现存的，现有的come into existencebegin to exist 产生；成立；开始存在产生；成立；开始存在栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsMost scientists believe that water doesnt exist on the surface of the moon.多数科学家认为，月球表面不存在水。多数科学家认为，月球表面不存在水。Man cann

11、ot exist without air.没有空气人就不能生存。没有空气人就不能生存。The old lady _ only _ coffee and bread when she was on the island.老太太在岛上时仅靠咖啡和面包生活。老太太在岛上时仅靠咖啡和面包生活。existedon栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsThere exist two huge stone lions at our company gate.在我们公司门口有两个巨大的石狮子。在我们公司门口有两个巨大的石狮子。Do you know w

12、hen the English word “duang” _?你知道单词你知道单词“duang”是什么时候开始存在的吗？是什么时候开始存在的吗？温馨提示温馨提示exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。came into existence栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】用适当的介词或副词填空用适当的介词或副词填空(1)They cant exist _ the money hes earning.(2)No one knows how this world came

13、 _ existence.(3)Even though he is a little boy，strange ideas always exist _ his mind.(4)The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been _ existence for more than 500 years.onintoinin栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars4. puzzlen谜；难题；困惑谜；难题；困惑vt.& vi.(使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难为难(教材教材P27)How life began

14、on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars(1)be in a puzzle感到困惑感到困惑(2)puzzle about/over 苦苦思考苦苦思考(3)puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的令人迷惑不解的be puzzled

15、about. 对对迷惑不解迷惑不解(4)puzzlement n. 困惑，迷惑，不解困惑，迷惑，不解to ones puzzlement 令某人迷惑不解的是令某人迷惑不解的是栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsWhere the plane MH370 has gone still remains a puzzle to us.飞机飞机MH370去了哪里对我们来说仍旧是个谜。去了哪里对我们来说仍旧是个谜。I dont know why he looks a little puzzled.我不知道他为什么看上去有点困惑。我不知道他为什么

16、看上去有点困惑。It _ scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.科学家们很疑惑这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的。科学家们很疑惑这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的。Ill never forget the look of puzzlement on his face.我永远不会忘记他脸上迷惑的表情。我永远不会忘记他脸上迷惑的表情。puzzles 栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars易混辨析易混辨析puzzling/puzzled

17、His puzzled expression suggested that he was puzzled over the puzzling math problem.他困惑的表情暗示他正在思考那道令人困惑的数学题。他困惑的表情暗示他正在思考那道令人困惑的数学题。puzzlingadj.令人困惑的；令人迷惑的。常用来修饰表令人困惑的；令人迷惑的。常用来修饰表示物的名词。示物的名词。puzzledadj.迷惑的；困惑的。作表语时，主语一般为迷惑的；困惑的。作表语时，主语一般为表示人的名词或代词，作定语时可用来修饰表示人的名词或代词，作定语时可用来修饰look，expression等名词。等名词。

18、 栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】完成句子完成句子(1)_(最让我迷惑不解的最让我迷惑不解的)was the puzzling question he put forward.(2)The student was a little _(对对有点有点伤透脑筋伤透脑筋 )what to do next.(3)What the officer said at the meeting _(是令人是令人迷惑不解的迷惑不解的)(4)_(让我迷惑的是让我迷惑的是), he refused my offer that day.What

19、 puzzled me mostpuzzled about/overis puzzlingTo my puzzlement栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars5. in time及时；终于；迟早，总有一天及时；终于；迟早，总有一天(教材教材P25) They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气

20、体，从而最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。形成了地球的大气层。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars(1)in no time立刻，马上立刻，马上on time 按时，准时按时，准时(2)at a time 一次，每次一次，每次at no time 决不；在任何时候都不决不；在任何时候都不at one time 曾经有一个时期；一度曾经有一个时期；一度at the same time 同时；尽管如此同时；尽管如此at times 有时；偶尔有时；偶尔(3)from time to time 不时地，

21、间或不时地，间或take ones time 不着急；慢慢来不着急；慢慢来栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsWill we be in time for the six oclock train?我们来得及赶上六点钟的火车吗？我们来得及赶上六点钟的火车吗？If you keep on，you will succeed _.如果坚持下去，你终会成功的。如果坚持下去，你终会成功的。At one time，everyone could buy one kilogram of salt at a time.曾经每人一次只能买一千克盐。曾经每

22、人一次只能买一千克盐。_，Id like to be sure its true.同时，我还是想证实它的真实性。同时，我还是想证实它的真实性。in timeAt the same time栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】用用time短语完成下面片段短语完成下面片段_(曾经曾经)I grew crazy about skating.However，I fell onto the ground _(时而时而)，but I knew that I would _(绝不绝不)be skilled if I lacked pra

23、ctice. Im sure that if I keep practicing，I will be good at it _(迟早迟早)At one timefrom time to timeat no timein time栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars6. in ones turn轮到某人轮到某人(教材教材P26) Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成为这个星球上最重要的动物。于是，它们接着

24、成为这个星球上最重要的动物。in turn依次地；轮流地；转而；反过来依次地；轮流地；转而；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地轮流；交替地take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做某事轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。轮到某人做某事。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsHe cooked the meal in his turn this week.这周轮到他做饭。这周轮到他做饭。The children called out their names _.孩子们逐一自

25、报姓名。孩子们逐一自报姓名。We take turns to sweep our classroom.We sweep our classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。我们轮流打扫教室。in turn栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】用用turn的相关短语完成下列句子的相关短语完成下列句子(1)你们不能全体一起上，你们得轮流做。你们不能全体一起上，你们得轮流做。You cant all do it together；youll have to _.(2)人们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，人

26、们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。这造成更多的问题。People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this _ creates more problems.(3)轮到我的时候，我买走了最后一张轮到我的时候，我买走了最后一张CD。I bought the last CD _.take turnsin turnin my turn栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars7. prevent.from.阻止

27、；制止阻止；制止(教材教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.它们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，它们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth.阻止阻止做某事做某事protect.from 保护保护不受不受侵袭；侵袭； 挡住；防御挡住；防御keep.doin

28、g sth. 使使一直做某事一直做某事栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsHis advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告使我避免了犯严重的错误。他的忠告使我避免了犯严重的错误。He wears sunglasses to _ the sunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。protect his eyes from栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science o

29、f the stars温馨提示温馨提示(1)prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing sth.表示表示“制止制止/阻止阻止/防止某人或某物做某事防止某人或某物做某事”，它们常可以互换。，它们常可以互换。(2)prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.和和stop sb./sth.from doing sth.中的中的from常可省略，但用于被动语态时常可省略，但用于被动语态时from不能省略。不能省略。(3)keep sb./sth.from doing sth.中的中的from不可省略。不可省略。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronom

30、y：the science of the stars【活用活用】完成句子完成句子(1)上周我因急事没能去那里。上周我因急事没能去那里。I _ there by urgent business last week.(prevent)(2)很抱歉让您久等了。很抱歉让您久等了。Im very sorry _ for a long time.(keep)(3)这条新规则将会阻止他离开这个小国家。这条新规则将会阻止他离开这个小国家。The new rule will _ the small country.(keep)was prevented from goingto have kept you wa

31、itingkeep him from leaving栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars.词汇自测词汇自测1Some computers can perform a _(十亿十亿) computation a second.2As we all know，_(理论理论) comes from practice，and in turn it must serve practice.3We know that matter is made up of _(原子原子)4From space the earth looks like a hu

32、ge watercovered _(球体球体)billiontheoryatomsglobe栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars5The talk between the two countries went on in a friendly _(气氛气氛)6Eating junk food is _(有害的有害的)to the young.7With so many problems arising，the _(制度制度) should be improved.8The boy likes studying the universe

33、 and he wants to choose _(天文学天文学)as his major.9Police say armed robbery is the fastestrising _(暴力的暴力的)crime.10As is well known，fresh air is _(基本的基本的)to good health.atmosphereharmfulsystemastronomyviolentfundamental栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars.选词填空选词填空1During the car accident，he w

34、as _ to escape from the car without being hurt.2No matter what will happen，nothing and nobody can _ the plan _ being carried out.in time；be harmful to；in ones turn；prevent.from.；be puzzled about；come into existencein timepreventfrom栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars3This chemical _ the

35、 environment.4She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She _ her future.She had no idea what to do next.5Scientists have many theories about how the universe first _.6After the second competitor went off the stage，my son went onto the stage to perform _.is harmful towas puzzled aboutcame into exi

36、stencein his turn栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars1. (教材教材P25)What it _ was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固体的球状物。亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固体的球状物。was to become栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：t

37、he science of the stars句法分析句法分析what引导主语从句，主干句是引导主语从句，主干句是What it was to become was uncertain；when引导定语从句引导定语从句when the dust settled into a solid globe。此处此处“be不定式不定式”结构表示将来注定会发生的事。结构表示将来注定会发生的事。As a young man he didnt know he was to win world fame later on.年轻时，他不知道自己日后会举世闻名。年轻时，他不知道自己日后会举世闻名。He was to

38、 regret that decision for the rest of his life.他一定会为那个决定后悔余生。他一定会为那个决定后悔余生。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars“be不定式不定式”结构还可以表示下列情形：结构还可以表示下列情形：(1)表示事先安排或计划要做的事；表示事先安排或计划要做的事；(2)表示表示“必须必须”，相当于，相当于should或或ought to。栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsThe new law about the medi

39、cine market is to be carried out very soon.这项关于药品市场的新法律很快就要实行。这项关于药品市场的新法律很快就要实行。Mirror told me that she _ in China.米拉告诉我她要在中国定居。米拉告诉我她要在中国定居。The medicine _ three times a day after meals.这种药一天吃三次，饭后吃。这种药一天吃三次，饭后吃。was to settleis to be taken栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】完成句子完成

40、句子(1)这封信必须亲手交给他。这封信必须亲手交给他。The letter _ to him in person.(2)看电视之前你得先做完作业。看电视之前你得先做完作业。You _ your homework before you watch TV.(3)如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。If we _ before ten，well have to go now.is to be handedare to do are to be there 栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars2. (教

41、材教材P26) This produced a chain reaction，which _.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句法分析句法分析made it possible for life to develop为为“makeit宾补宾补(adj./n.)(for sb./sth.) to do/that从句从句”结构。在该结构中，结构。在该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式或作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式或that引导的引导的从句。从句。made it possible for life to deve

42、lop栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsIn 2015 the new law made it possible for us to have safe foods.2015年新的法律使我们拥有安全的食物成为可能。年新的法律使我们拥有安全的食物成为可能。Tina made it clear to us that she would leave the company.蒂娜明确向我们表示她将离开这家公司。蒂娜明确向我们表示她将离开这家公司。He _ up at six every day.他每天早晨六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。他每天早

43、晨六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。makes it a rule to get栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars与与make有类似用法的动词有有类似用法的动词有consider，find，believe，imagine，feel，think等。等。I consider it reasonable to tell her beforehand.我认为提前告诉她是有道理的。我认为提前告诉她是有道理的。I _ to make some change.我发现要做出改变是不可能的。我发现要做出改变是不可能的。find it impossible 栏目栏目导引导引Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【活用活用】完成句子完成句子(1)她是外国人这个事实使她在那个国家得到一个工作很困难她是外国人这个事实使她在那个国家得到一个工作很困难.The fact that she was foreign _ fo