英语词汇学自考题

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语词汇学自考题-11(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、B./B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons except that _. · A. it can refer to the common core of a language · B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a lan

2、guage · C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period · D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 The term "vocabulary" is used in different senses. Not only can it refer to the total number of

3、the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a certain historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. 所以B、C、D项正确。词汇是由一门语言中所有的词所构成的，而不是语言的核心，所以A项不正确。答案为A。2."W

4、ilt" which means "will" is an example of _. · A. argot · B. slang · C. archaism · D. neologism（分数：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 古语词是指过去曾经广泛使用而现在仅限于某些特殊用法的词。这些词的使用范围大为缩小，只在古诗、法律文件、宗教文件和讲话中出现。如，thou(你)，ye(你们)，thee(你的宾语)，wilt(will)，brethren(兄弟)，trot

5、h(誓约)，quoth(说)，aught(任何事情)，hereof(谈及这一点)，therefrom(从那一点)，wherein(在哪一点上)等。选项意思分别为argot(黑话)，slang(俚语)，archaism(古语词)，neologism(新词语)。答案为C。3.Words like "typhoon, black humor, chopstick, silk, long time no see, tea, masterpiece, ketchup, mother tongue" are _. · A. denizens · B. semanti

6、c-loan · C. aliens · D. translation-loans（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 根据同化的程度和借词的方式，可以把外来语词归为四类：denizens(同化词)，semantic-loan(借义词)，aliens(非同化词)，translation-loans(译借词)。译借词是利用母语现有的词语但在构词模式上模仿了外语而构成的词。译借词还可再分为根据意义译出来的借词：mother tongue(母语)译自lingua materna(拉丁语)，long time no

7、 see译自汉语的“好久没见”，surplus value(剩余价值)译自Mehrwert(德语)，masterpiece(杰作)译自Meisterstuck(德语)，black humour(黑色幽默)译自humournoir(法语)。根据语音译出来的借词：kulak(富农)译自kyrak(俄语)，ketchup(番茄酱)译自汉语的“茄汁”，lama(喇嘛)译自lama(藏语)，tea(茶)译自汉语的“茶”。答案为D。4.Now people generally refer to _ as Old English. · A. Anglo-Saxon · B. Celtic

8、 · C. Latin · D. Scottish（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 现在人们一般把盎格鲁一撒克逊语称为古英语。答案为A。5.The _ translation of the Bible and the writings of _ and others contributed a lot to the revival of English as the dominating language in Middle English period. · A. Langland; Wyc

9、liff, Chaucer · B. Wycliff; Langland, Chaucer · C. Chaucer; Wycliff, Thomas More · D. Bacon; Wycliff, Chaucer（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 中古英语时期(11501500)，法语、拉丁语曾和英语一直并存长达一个多世纪。到了13世纪末，英语又逐渐回到了学校、法庭和政府部门，重新获得了重要的社会地位。威克利夫(Wycliff)用英语翻译圣经，乔叟(Chaucer)、朗兰(Langland

10、)等人也开始用英语进行文学创作，于是，英语最后又返回到重要的位置上，并作为一门重要的文学语言受到尊重。答案为B。6.Which of the following words is brought about by political changes as regards the growth of present-day English vocabulary?_ · A. Smart bomb. · B. Astrochemistry. · C. Watergate. · D. Tenor.（分数：1.00） A. B. C

11、.  D.解析：解析 watergate(水门，由水门事件产生的一个新词)属于由政治变化产生的词；smart bomb(激光制导炸弹)，astrochemistry(天体化学)都是由迅速发展的科技产生的词汇；tenor(男高音)是由于社会的快速发展在乐音方面的新词汇。答案为C。7.Among the following four past tense markers-ed, _ is realized by/t/. · A. lived · B. warmed · C. looked · D. tired（分数：1.00） 

12、A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 一般过去时态的标志形素-ed在/p，k，s/结尾的动词后发音为/t/，如worked，helped；而在以元音音素或/m，n，l/结尾的动词后发音为/d/，如tried，warmed，lived，enabled；另外在以/t，d/音结尾的动词后发音为/id/，如wanted，landed等。答案为C。8.In English, bound roots are either _ or _. · A. Latin; French · B. Greek; Scandinavian · C. La

13、tin; Greek · D. French; Greek（分数：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 粘附词根就如自由词根一样，是带有基本意义的词的组成部分。与自由词根不同的是，粘附词根是一种粘附形式，必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词。英语中的粘附词素不是来源于拉丁语，就是来源于希腊语。答案为C。9.The "de" in "demilitarize" is a/an _ prefix. · A. reversative · B. orientation

14、83; C. pejorative · D. negative（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 demilitarize(解除军事控制)是由militarize(使军事化)加前缀de-构成的，de-，dis-，un-等是表示逆向意义的前缀(reversative prefixes)。答案为A。10.In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _ whereas in noun phrases _ is generally stressed if there is

15、 only one stress. · A. the first element; the second element · B. the second element; the first element · C. the first element; the first element · D. the second element; the second element（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 复合词有三个特点：音律特点，词义特点和语法特点。其中音律特征表现为：复合词的

16、重音通常在第一个语义单位上；而在名词短语中，若第二个单位只有一个音节则是在第二个语义单位上。如：a fat head(复合词)，a fat。head(独立短语)。答案为A。11."Telex" is a pormanteau word created through _. · A. head+ tail · B. head+ head · C. head+word · D. word+tail（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 telex是一个混合型词，是由两个单词

17、的词头混合组成。即teleprinter+exchange。答案为B。12.By form we mean _. · A. its spelling · B. its pronunciation · C. both its pronunciation and spelling · D. its symbols（分数：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 词是形式和意义的结合。形式即词的发音及拼写，意义即为形式所代表的内容。答案为C。13.A concept has _ referring exp

18、ressions. · A. one · B. many · C. a few · D. none of the above（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 概念(concept)对于所有人来说都是相同的，无文化、种族、语言之分，而意义存在于语言之中，受语言使用的限制。因此概念有许多种表达所指，因为世界上有众多语言。答案为B。14.Most words can be said to be _. · A. motivated · B. non-motivated &

19、#183; C. affixes · D. compounds（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 理据(motivation)讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的关联。词的形式和意义之间的关系都是任意的和规约的，因此大多数词可以说是没有理据的。答案为B。15.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: _ and _. · A. stylistic; collocative · B. pejorative; appreciat

20、ive · C. adjectival; adverbial · D. nominative; substantive（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. 带有感情意义的词可分为两类：褒义或贬义。答案为B。16.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classi

21、fied into _. · A. perfect homonyms · B. homographs · C. homophones · D. all the above（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. 根据相类似的程度，同形同音异义词又可分为3类：完全同形同

22、音异义词、同形异音异义词和同音异形异义词。答案为D。17.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except _. · A. denotation · B. connotation · C. application · D. pronunciation（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 同义词的区别主要表现在三个方面：denotation(外延)，connotation(内涵)和application(应

23、用)。答案为D。18.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by _. · A. Roget's Thesaurus · B. Concise Oxford Dictionary · C. New Webster's Dictionary · D. Cobuild Dictionary（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 根据Trier的语义场

24、理论，整个词汇都可划分为语义场。罗瑞同义词词典(Roget's Thesaurus)就是一个很好的例证。编者使用了普遍概念作为框架，把带有共同概念的词集中在一起。According to Trier's vision of fields, the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields. Roget's Thesaurus was a good example. He used a scheme of universal concepts as a framework and listed together the

25、words which share the same concepts. 答案为A。19.Which of the following words does not undergo the process of extension of meaning? · A. Meat. · B. Manuscript. · C. Picture. · D. Journal.（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 meat原意是food(食物)，经过语义变换，意为flesh of animals(动物

26、的肉)，可见意义范围缩小，具体化是词义的缩小而非扩大。答案为A。20.The meanings of "lip" and "tongue" in "the lip of a wound" and "the tongue of a bell" have experienced _. · A. extension · B. elevation · C. associated transfer · D. degradation（分数：1.00） A. B.

27、60;C.  D.解析：解析 词义的转移是指原先指称某一事物的词后来转而指称另一事物的演变过程。其中一种为联想转移(associated transfer)，即由于事物的关联性和连带性通过联想词义发生转移，如lip of a wound(伤口)，the tongue of a bell(铃舌)；purse转义为“钱”，glass转义为“杯子”等。答案为C。21.The meaning of a word is influenced immediately by _. · A. the linguistic context · B. situational

28、 context · C. grammatical context · D. extra-linguistic context（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 一个词的意义直接受其所在语义环境的影响，甚至整个话语情境的影响。答案为A。22.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over _. · A. the reader's in

29、terpretation · B. the neighbouring words · C. the writer's intention · D. the etymology of the word（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 The meaning of a word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words. 一个词的意义经常是受邻近词的影响，并被其定义。答案为B。23.The sentence "

30、The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to _. · A. extra-linguistic context · B. grammatical context · C. lexical context · D. homonymy（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 Grammatical structure can lead to ambiguity. 语法结构会引起歧义。本句可有两种解释，第一句是This fish is co

31、oked or served, so ready for people to eat(鱼做好了或上桌了，可以吃了)，或者The fish is ready to eat things(鱼准备好要吃食物了)。但是，假如说成What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat，那么，fish一定是做好了可以吃了。答案为B。24._ and _ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue, _. · A. Antonymy; synonymy · B. Hypon

32、ymy; homonymy · C. Superordinates; subordinates · D. Lexical words; grammatical words（分数：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 上义词和下义词经常限定解释彼此，这样形成一个非常重要的语境线索。答案为C。25.Idioms adjectival in nature function as _. · A. adjectives · B. attributes · C. modifiers ·

33、D. words（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 Idioms adjectival in nature function as adjectives. 答案为A。26.The idiom "scream and shout" is _. · A. alliteration · B. reiteration · C. rhyme · D. juxtaposition（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：

34、解析 scream and shout(尖叫)是重复，即同义的重叠(reiteration)。答案为B。27.Actions speak louder than words, in the proverb, _ is used. · A. repetition · B. simile · C. metaphor · D. personification（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 speak意为“讲话，说某种语言”，是人特有的动作。题中作为主语actions的动作执行词应该是拟人

35、修辞手法的应用。答案为D。28.Linguistic dictionaries usually do not cover such areas as _. · A. definitions · B. spelling · C. usage · D. sound（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usage in the language. Linguis

36、tic dictionaries usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology. 语言词典着眼于词的定义及解释其在语言中的用法。它们通常包括拼写、发音、意义、语法功能、用法及词源等这些方面。所以并没有声音部分。答案为D。29.For beginners and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, _ dictionary is essential. · A. monolin

37、gual · B. bilingual · C. specialized · D. encyclopedic dictionary（分数：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 For beginners, and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, a bilingual dictionary is essential as they do not know enough of the target language to understand full

38、y a monolingual dictionary. 对于这些学习者而言，一本双语词典是必不可少的，因为他们对所学语言了解不够，不能完全读懂一本单语词典。答案为B。30.The new edition of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English has _ words and phrases. · A. 56000 · B. 75000 · C. 80000 · D. 83000（分数：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 朗文当代英语词典因其广

39、泛涉及新词、新意义和新方法、通俗易懂的定义以及其有控制的2000词汇来定义词和例示用法，当然最为重要的还是因其完整细致的语法信息而闻名。它收纳了56000个词和短语，涉及美国英语和英国英语，并且特别强调新词。答案为A。二、B./B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited productivity and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：collocability）解析：解析 Pronouns and numerals e

40、njoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability. 代词和数词使用范围广泛，也十分稳定，但能产性和搭配性较差。答案为collocability。32. 1 words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the Germanic tribes, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known a

41、s Anglo-Saxon words.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：Native）解析：解析 从起源上来看，英语词汇可分为本族语词和外来语词。英语本族语词是公元5世纪由日耳曼部落盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人带入英国的，又称盎格鲁-撒克逊词语。答案为Native。33.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：affix）解析：解析 Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix. 粘附词素有两

42、类：粘附词根和词缀。答案为affix。34.According to suffixation theory, "villager" is called denominal noun and "employer" is called 1 noun.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：deverbal）解析：解析 employer(雇员)是由动词employ(雇佣)转化来的，是由动词转化来的名词。答案为deverbal。35.Not every word has 1. For example, "probable", &

43、quot;nearly", "and", "if", "but" and "yes", all have some sense, but none of them refer to anything in the world.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：reference）解析：解析 并不是每个词都有所指。比如：probable(可能的)，nearly(几乎)，and(和)等等。虽然它们都有意义，但在外界事物中都不存在所指。答案为reference。36.The 1 approa

44、ch deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：diachronic）解析：解析 历时法涉及了词汇在历史中的变化和发展。答案为diachronic。37.Homonyms are different from polysemants in etymology and 1 relatedness.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：semantic）解析：解析 The fundamental differenc

45、e between homonyms and polysemants lies in two aspects：etymology and semantic relatedness. 同形同音异义词与多义词的区别在于词源和语义是否相关。答案为semantic。38.When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is 1 accordingly.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：narrowed）解析：解析 when a common word is turned into a proper noun,

46、 the meaning is narrowed accordingly. 普通名词转化为专有名词时，词义也随之缩小。答案为narrowed。39.When a new word appears for the" first time, the author usually manages to give hints or 1 in the context to help the readers.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：clues）解析：解析 In many cases, when a new word appears for the first tim

47、e, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up. 可以看出，作者对第一次出现的新单词，常常给予暗示和提供一些语义线索。答案为clues。40.In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of 1, r

48、esulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.（分数：1.50）填空项1:_ （正确答案：speech）解析：解析 在有些习语中，其中的一个成分可能被同一词性的词所替代，结果导致同义或反义习语的产生。答案为speech。三、B./B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.translation-loan（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but m

49、odelled on the patterns taken from another language.)解析：42.zero derivation（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation.)解析：43.lexical meanin

50、g（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the notion that the word conveys. Lexical meaning itself has two components：conceptual meaning and associative meaning.)解析：44.degradation（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Degradation is a process whereb

51、y words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatiory sense.)解析：45.a variation of an idiom（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(1)an idiom with some changes in form; (2)used in the same meaning or similar meaning.)解析：四、B./B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.What are the differences between

52、 a bound morpheme and a bound root?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. Bound morphemes include bound root and affix. Bound root is only a type of bound morpheme.)解析：47.What accounts for the relationships of arbitrary and conventional between reference and a thing outside the language?（分数