2018年12月6级真题第二套

1、2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalaneejobresponsibilitiesandpersonalinterests.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADireetions:Inthisseetion,thereisapassagewith

2、tenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotus

3、eanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SurfingtheInternetduringclassdoesn'tjuststealfocusfromtheeducator;italsohurtsstudentswho'realreadystrugglingto26thematerial.AnewstudyfromMichiganStateUniversity,though,arguesthatallstudentsincludinghighachievers

4、seeadeclineinperformancewhentheybrowsetheInternetduringclassfornon-academicpurposes.TomeasuretheeffectsofInternet-baseddistractionsduringclass,researchers27500studentstakinganintroductorypsychologyclassatMichiganStateUniversity.ResearchersusedACTscoresasameasureofintellectual28.Becausepreviousresear

5、chhasshownthatpeoplewithhighintellectualabilitiesarebetterat29outdistractions,researchersbelievedstudentswithhighACTscoreswouldnotshowa30decreaseinperformanceduetotheiruseofdigitaldevices.ButstudentswhosurfedthewebduringclassdidworseontheirexamsregardlessoftheirACTscores,suggestingthateventheacademi

6、callysmarteststudentsareharmedwhenthey'redistractedinclass.Collegeprofessorsareincreasingly31alarmbellsabouttheeffectssmartphones,laptops,andtabletshaveonacademicperformance.One2013studyofcollegestudentsfoundthat80%ofstudentsusetheirphonesorlaptopsduringclass,withtheaveragestudentcheckingtheirdi

7、gitaldevice11timesina32class.Aquarterofstudentsreportthattheiruseofdigitaldevicesduringclasscausestheirgradesto33.Professorssometimesimplementpoliciesdesignedto34students'useofdigitaldevices,andsomeinstructorsevenconfiscate(没收)tabletsandphones.Inaworldwherepeopleareincreasinglydependentontheirph

8、ones,though,suchstrategiesoftenfail.Oneinternationalstudyfoundthat84%ofpeoplesaytheycouldn'tgoadaywithouttheirsmartphones.Untilstudentsareableto35thepullofsocialnetworking,texting,andendlesslysurfingtheweb,theymaycontinuetostruggleintheirclasses.I) obscureJ)obsessK)raisingL)resistA) aptitudeerad

9、icationB) evaluatedevaporatedE)filteringF)graspG)legacyM)significantN)sufferOtypicalH)minimizeonAnswerSheet2.APioneeringWomanofScieneeRe-Emergesafter300YearsMariaSibyllaMerian,likemanyEuropeanwomenofthe17thcentury,stayedbusymanagingahouseholdandrearingchildren.Butontopofthat,Merian,aGerman-bornwoman

10、wholivedintheNetherlands,alsomanagedasuccessfulcareerasanartist,botanist,naturalistandentomologist（昆虫学家）A “Shewasascientistonthelevelwithalotofpeoplewespendalotoftimetalkingabout,”saidKayEtheridge,abiologistatGettysburgCollegeinPennsylvaniawhohasbeenstudyingthescientifichistoryofMerian'swork.“Sh

11、edidn'tdoasmuchtochangebiologyasCharlesDarwin,butshewassignificant.”Atatimewhennaturalhistorywasavaluabletoolfordiscovery,Meriandiscoveredfactsaboutplantsandinsectsthatwerenotpreviouslyknown.Herobservationshelpeddismissthepopularbeliefthatinsectsspontaneouslyemergedfrommud.Theknowledgeshecollect

12、edoverdecadesdidn'tjustsatisfythosecuriousaboutnature,butalsoprovidedvaluableinsightsintomedicineandscienee.Shewasthefirsttobringtogetherinsectsandtheirhabitats,includingfoodtheyate,intoasingleecologicalcomposition.B AfteryearsofpleasingafascinatedaudieneeacrossEuropewithbooksofdetaileddescripti

13、onsandlife-sizepaintingsoffamiliarinsects,in1699shesailedwithherdaughternearly5,000milesfromtheNetherlandstoSouthAmericatostudyinsectsinthejunglesofwhatisnowknownasSuriname.Shewas52yearsold.Theresultwashermasterpiece,MetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensium.C Inherwork,sherevealedasideofnaturesoexotic,d

14、ramaticandvaluabletoEuropeansofthetimethatshereceivedmuchacclaim.Butacenturylater,herfindingscameunderscientificcriticism.Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductionsofherworkalongwithsetbackstowomen'srolesin18th-and19th-centuryEuroperesultedinhereffortsbeinglargelyforgotten.“Itwaskindofstunningwhenshesortofdropped

15、offintooblivion（遗忘），”saidDr.Etheridge.“Victoriansstartedputtingwomeninabox,andthey'restilltryingtocrawloutofit.”D Today,thepioneeringwomanofthescienceshasre-emerged.Inrecentyears,feminists,historiansandartistshaveallpraisedMerian'stenacity（坚韧），talentandinspirationalartisticcompositions.Andno

16、wbiologistslikeDr.Etheridgearediggingintothescientifictextsthataccompaniedherart.Threehundredyearsafterherdeath,MerianwillbecelebratedataninternationalsymposiuminAmsterdamthisJune.E Andlastmonth,MetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensiumwasrepublished.Itcontains60plates（插图）andoriginaldescriptions,alongwit

17、hstoriesaboutMerian'slifeandupdatedscientificdescriptions.BeforewritingMetamorphosis,MerianspentdecadesdocumentingEuropeanplantsandinsectsthatshepublishedinaseriesofbooks.Shebeganinher20s,makingtextless,decorativepaintingsofflowerswithinsects.“Thenshegotreallyserious,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.Merianstar

18、tedraisinginsectsathome,mostlybutterfliesandcaterpillars.“Shewouldsitupallnightuntiltheycameoutofthepupa（蛹）soshecoulddrawthem,”shesaid.F Theresultsofherdecades'worthofcarefulobservationsweredetailedpaintingsanddescriptionsofEuropeaninsects,followedbyunconventionalvisualsandstoriesofinsectsandani

19、malsfromalandthatmostatthetimecouldonlyimagine.It'spossibleMerianusedamagnifyingglasstocapturethedetailofthesplittonguesofsphinxmoths（斯芬克斯飞蛾）depictedinthepainting.Shewrotethatthetwotonguescombinetoformonetubefordrinkingnectar（花蜜）Somecriticizedthisdetaillater,sayingtherewasjustonetongue,butMerian

20、wasn'twrong.Shemayhaveobservedtheadultmothjustasitemergedfromitspupa.Forabriefmomentduringthatstageofitslifecycle,thetongueconsistsoftwotinyhalf-tubesbeforemergingintoone.G Itmaynothavebeenladyliketodepictagiantspiderdevouringahummingbird,butwhenMeriandiditattheturnofthe18thcentury,surprisingly,

21、nobodyobjected.Dr.Etheridgecalleditrevolutionary.Theimage,whichalsocontainednoveldescriptionsofants,fascinatedaEuropeanaudieneethatwasmoreconcernedwiththeexoticstoryunfoldingbeforethemthanthegenderofthepersonwhopaintedit.H “Allofthesethingsshookuptheirnice,neatlittleview,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.Butlater,p

22、eopleofththoughtdifferently.Herworkhadbeenreproduced,sometimesincorrectly.Afewobservationsweredeemedimpossible.“She'dbeencalledasillywomanforsayingthataspidercouldeatabird,”friendofCharlesDarwin,observeditandputitinbookin1863,provingMerianwascorrect.I Inthesameplate,Meriandepictedanddescribedlea

23、f-cutterantsforthefirsttime.“InAmericatherearelargwhichcaneatwholetreesbareasabroomhandleinasinglenight,”shewroteinthedescription.Meriannotedhowtheantstooktheleavesbelowgroundtotheiryoung.Andshewouldn'thaveknownthisatthetime,buttheantsusetheleavestofarmfungi(菌类)undergroundtofeedtheirdevelopingba

24、bies.J Merianwascorrectaboutthegiantbird-eatingspiders,antsbuildingbridgeswiththeirbodiesandotherdetails.Butinthesamedrawing,sheincorrectlylumpedtogetherarmyandleaf-cutterants.Andinsteadofshowingjustthetypicalpairofeggsinahummingbirdnest,shepaintedfour.ShemadeothermistakesinMetamorphosisInsectorumSu

25、rinamensiumaswell:noteverycaterpillarandbutterflymatched.K PerhapsoneexplanationforhermistakesisthatshecutshortherSurinametripaftergettingsick,andcompletedthebookathomeinAmsterdam.Anderrorsarecommonamongsomeofhistory'smost-celebratedscientificminds,too.“TheseerrorsnomoreinvalidateMs.Merian's

26、workthandowell-knownmisconceptionspublishedbyCharlesDarwinorIsaacNewton,”Dr.Etheridgewroteinapaperthatarguedthattoomanyhavewronglyfocusedonthemistakesofherwork.L Merian'spaintingsinspiredartistsandecologists.Inan1801drawingfromhisbook,GeneralZoologyAmphibia,GeorgeShaw,anEnglishbotanistandzoologi

27、st,creditedMerianfordescribingafrogintheaccountofherSouthAmericanexpedition,andnamedtheyoungtreefrogafterherinhisportrayalofit.Itwouldn'tbefairtogiveMerianallthecredit.Shereceivedassistaneenamingplants,makingsketchesandreferencingtheworkofothers.Herdaughtershelpedhercolorherdrawings.M descriptio

28、nofthepeacockflower,“TheIndians,whoarenottreatedwellbytheirDutchmasters,usetheseedsrtoabortchildren,sothattheywillnotbecomeslaveslikethemselves.TheblackslavesfromGuineaandAngolahavedemandedtobewelltreated,threateningtorefusetohavechildren.Infact,theysometimestaketheirownlivesbecausetheyaretreatedsob

29、adly,andbecausetheybelievetheywillbebornagain,freeandlivingintheirownland.Theytoldmethisthemselves.N LondaSchiebinger,aprofessorofthehistoryofscienceatStanfordUniversity,calledthispassageratherastonishing.It'sparticularlystrikingcenturieslaterwhentheseissuesarestillprominentinpublicdiscussionsab

30、outsocialjusticeandwomen'srights.“Shewasaheadofhertime,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.36. MerianwasthefirstscientisttostudyatypeofAmericanant.37. TheEuropeanaudiencewasmoreinterestedinMerian'sdrawingsthanhergender.38. Merian'smasterpiececameunderattackacenturyafteritspublication.39. Merian'smista

31、kesinherdrawingsmaybeattributedtohershortenedstayinSouthAmerica.40. Merianoftensatupthewholenightthroughtoobserveanddrawinsects.41. MerianacknowledgedthehelpshegotfromnativesofSouthAmerica.42. Meriancontributedgreatlytopeople'sbetterunderstandingofmedicineandscience.43. Merianoccasionallymademis

32、takesinherdrawingsofinsectsandbirds.44. Now,Merian'sroleasafemaleforerunnerinscienceshasbeenre-established.45. MerianmadealongvoyagetoSouthAmericatostudyjungleinsectsoverthreecenturiesago.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.

33、ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whilehumanachievementsinmathematicscontinuetoreachnewlevelsofcomplexity,manyofuswhoaren&

34、#39;tmathematiciansatheart(orengineersbytrade)maystruggletorememberthelasttimeweusedcalculus(微积分).It'safactnotlostonAmericaneducators,whoamidrisingmathfailureratesaredebatinghowmathcanbettermeetthereal-lifeneedsofstudents.Shouldwechangethewaymathistaughtinschools,oreliminatesomecoursesentirely?A

35、ndrewHacker,QueensCollegepoliticalscienceprofessor,thinksthatadvaneedalgebraandotherhigher-levelmathshouldbecutfromcurriculainfavorofcourseswithmoreroutineusefulness,likestatistics.“Wehearonallsidesthatwe'renotteachingenoughmathematics,andtheChinesearerunningringsaroundus,”Hackersays.“'msugg

36、estingwe'reteachingtoomuchmathematicstotoomanypeople?noteverybodyhastoknowcalculus.Ifyou'regoingtobecomeanaeronautical(航空的)engineer,fine.Butmostofusaren't.”Instead,HackerispushingformorecoursesliketheoneheteachesatQueensCollege:Numeracy101.There,hisstudentsof'bitizenstatistics”learnt

37、oanalyzepublicinformationlikethefederalbudgetandcorporatereports.Suchcourses,Hackerargues,arearemedyforthenumericalilliteracyofadultswhohavecompletedhigh-levelmathlikealgebrabutareunabletocalculatethepriceof,say,acarpetbyarea.Hacker'sargumenthasmetwithoppositionfromothermatheducatorswhosaywhat&#

38、39;sneededistohelpstudentsdevelopabetterrelationshipwithmathearlier,ratherthanteachingthemlessmathaltogether.MariaDroujkovaisafounderofNaturalMath,andhastaughtbasiccalculusconceptsto5-year-olds.ForDroujkova,high-levelmathisimportant,andwhatitcoulduseinAmericanclassroomsisaninjectionofchildlikewonder

39、.Makemathematicsmoreavailable,”Droujkovasays.Redesignitsoit'smoreaccessibletomorekindsofpeople:youngchildren,adultswhoworryaboutit,adultswhomayhavehadbadexperiences.”PamelaHarris,alecturerattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,hasasimilarperspective.HarrissaysthatAmericaneducationissufferingfromanepidem

40、icoffakemath”一anemphasisonrotememorization(死记硬背)offormulasandsteps,ratherthananunderstandingofhowmathcaninflueneethewaysweseetheworld.'I'mgoingtoleaveittothosewhoareinmathematicstoworkoutthewaystomaketheirsubjectinterestingandexcitingsostudentswanttotakeit,”Hackersays.AllthatIaskisthataltern

41、ativesbeofferedinsteadofputtingallofusontheroadtocalculus.”WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutordinaryAmericans?A) Theystruggletosolvemathproblems.B)Theythinkmathisacomplexsubject.C)Theyfindhigh-levelmathoflittleuse.D)Theyworkhardtolearnhigh-levelmath.46. WhatisthegeneralcomplaintaboutAmerica'smatheducati

42、onaccordingtoHacker?A) AmericaisnotdoingaswellasChina.C)Itdoesn'thelpstudentsdeveloptheirliteracy.48. WhatdoesAndrewHacker'sNumeracy101aimtodo?A)Allowstudentstolearnhigh-levelmathstepbystep.C)Layasolidfoundationforadvaneedmathstudies.B) Mathprofessorsarenotdoingagoodjob.D)Therehashardlybeena

43、nyinnovationforyears.B) Enablestudentstomakepracticaluseofbasicmath.D)Helpstudentstodeveloptheiranalyticalabilities.49. WhatdoesMariaDroujkovasuggestmathteachersdoinclass?A)Makecomplexconceptseasytounderstand.B)Startteachingchildrenmathatanearlyage.C) Helpchildrenworkwonderswithcalculus.D)Trytoarous

44、estudents'curiosityinmath.50. WhatdoesPamelaHarristhinkshouldbethegoalofmatheducation?A)Toenablelearnerstounderstandtheworldbetter.B)Tohelplearnerstotellfakemathfromrealmath.C) TobroadenAmericans'perspectivesonmath.PassageTwoD) Toexertinflueneeonworlddevelopment.Questions51to55arebasedonthef

45、ollowingpassageForyears,theU.S.hasexperieneedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2022,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat'sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthe

46、curvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems,andretrieverecords.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthe

47、firsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.RobotscapableofsocialengagementhelpwithIonelinessaswellascognitivefunctioning,buttherobotitselfdoesn'tfacefacehavetoengagedirectlyitcanserveasanintermediaryforhumancommunication.TelepreseneerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraf

48、fcanbeeontrolledthroughacomputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkypethem,oftenviaascreenwheretherobot's呼eto伸删帕a“consistentlypositiveattitudethenursingcanuse;eatelepreseneerobottohangoutwithher.A2016studyfoundthatusershadipOtipnabouttheGiraffrobot

49、9;sabilitytoenhancecommunanddecreasefeelingsofIoneliness.obot'sappearaneeaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheRIKEN-TRICollaborationCenterforHuman-lnteractiveRobotResearchdecidedtodeveloparoboticnursethatlookslikeahugeteddybear.(RobotforInteractiveBodyAssistanee,)alsokn

50、owaswithitsstrongarms.'Robear',canhelppatientsintoandoutofwheelchairsandbedsOdiffererfl!andmorescarysidethereisActroidF,whichissohuman-likethatsomepatientsmaynotknowthejrsationalrobotcompanionhascamerasinitseyes,whichallowittotrackpatientsanduseappropriatefacialexpressionsandbodyIanguageinit

51、sinteractions.Duringamonth-longhospitaltrial,researchersasked70patientshowtheyfeltbeingaroundtherobotandIt'simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon'tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses(thoughrobotdoctorsand“opjythreeorfoursaidtheydidn'tlikehavingitaround.surgeonsmaynotbefaroff).Instead,theyperformroutineandlaimmediateneeds.''_-51.Whatdoesthe