专题总复习资料

1、专题总复习资料：情景交际知识梳理一、问候（Greetings）1.无论什么时候，无论对谁都可以使用的交际用语。A: Hello.B: Hello.2.比Hello更亲切的表现手法，对亲近的人使用。A: Hi.B: Hi.3.用于早、中、晚见面时的互相打招呼或问候。A: Good morningafternoonevening.B: Good morningafternoonevening.4.常在Hello，good morning后面使用，是不太熟悉或不经常碰面的人见面时的寒暄用语，已经渐渐失去了它原先含有的询问身体状况的含义。A: How are you?B: Im OK.Fine, th

2、ank you. And you? Very well, thank you.Not bad. Thank you.Not so good.二、告别（Farewells）1.与别人分手时的礼貌用语。A: Goodbye.Bye.Bye-bye.B: Goodbye.Bye.Bye-bye.2.晚上与别人分手时的互道晚安。A: Good night.B: Good night.3.用法与Goodbye!类似。A: See you laterthentomorrowsoon.B: See you.4.表达要走的愿望。A: Whats the time?B: Its 6 oclock.A: Im l

3、ate for the party. Goodbye.B: Bye-bye.5.分别时对别人的祝愿。A: Have a nice dayweekendtrip.B: Thank you.三、感谢（Thanks）在西方，thank you是最经常用的、最简单的交际用语，它可以用于表示对别人帮助的感谢，回答别人的夸奖、赞扬，接受他人的祝贺，礼貌地表示拒绝等。需注意的是它用不同的声调说代表着不同的意思。A: Thank you（very much）. Thanks a lot. Thank you for your help.B: Youre welcome. Thats OK. Thats all

4、 right. Its a pleasure. My pleasure.Not at all.四、道歉（Apologies）sorry用于做错事所表示的歉意，是最常用的道歉语；excuse me常用于向某人提问，打断别人的对话或工作，中途离开或所要说的事情可能引起对方的不快等情况。A: Sorry. Im sorry. Im sorry for Im sorry（that）Im late. Excuse me, please.B: Thats OK.Thats all right.Its all right. It doesnt matter. Its nothing.五、介绍（Introdu

5、ction）1.自我介绍时应先说自己的姓名，有时也可以介绍自己的籍贯、详细描述自己的特征。A: My name isIm.B: Hello. Im.How do you do!2.介绍自己熟悉的人时通常要提到被介绍人的姓名、头衔以及与您的关系等等。A: This is Mr Mrs Miss.、These are.B: How do you do? Nice to meet you!3.常用于初次见面或正式场合的互相问候。A: How do you do?B: How do you do?4.与陌生人第一次见面时的寒暄。A: Nice to meet you.B: Nice to meet y

6、ou, too. Me, too.5.把熟悉的人介绍给不太熟悉的人。A: Id like you to meet my friend.B: OK.六、邀请（Invitation）通常人们不会一见面就提出邀请，而是先说明筹备的是什么类型的聚会，询问对方是否有空，然后才发出邀请。How about? Why dont you？等等句式的预期比较随意；Shall we？May I？是发出邀请的常用语，适合于一般场合；Would you？等句式发出的邀请，语气委婉礼貌，常用于正式场合，也可用于书面请柬中。1. A: Would you like to come to my birthday party

7、?B: OK.Id like to.That would be very nice.Why not?Sounds good.2. A: Shall we go to the zoo together?Lets go for lunch.B: No, thanks.Its nice of you, but I have something to do.七、请求允许（Asking for permission）一般和朋友、熟人之间，可以用Can I ？CanWill you?等较为轻松随意的表达方式；如果客气一点可以用CouldWould you？May I ？等表达方式；I wonder ifI

8、s it all right if？等句式一般运用于正式场合。A: May I come in? B: Yes, please.Sure.A: Could I use your pen? B: Sure. A: May I ask you a question? B: Sure. A: Is it all right if I park here? B: Please do that.A: I wonder if I can smoke here. B: Im sorry, but you can smoke there.A: Do you mind if I open the door? B

9、: Youd better not.八、祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations）1.在别人打算或开始做一件新事时，可以这样说表示祝福。A: Good luck.B: Thank you（very much）.2.在别人外出旅行时，在比较熟悉的朋友之间，可以这样说。（比较正式的场合则不用）A: Have a good daytime.B: Thank you（very much）.3.用于新年和圣诞时节的互相祝贺。A: Happy New Year! Merry Christmas.B: The same to you.4.用于教师节和生日的祝贺。

10、A: Happy Teachers Day. Happy birthday to you! Best wishes to you.B: Thank you（very much）.九、提供帮助（Offering help）1.在商店、宾馆等地，服务员一般会采用以下三种句式主动地为顾客提供服务：What can I do for you? Can I help you? What would you like? Anything else?2.询问别人不太熟悉的朋友是否需要帮助时可以说Would you like？How about？May I？等句式。4.回答我们可以分肯定和否定两种。肯定：Ye

11、s, please. Yes, thanks.Thank you. Thanks for your help.否定：No, thank youthanks.十、约会（Making appointments）1.Are you free？等以简单疑问句的形式发出询问，语气较轻松。A: Do you have time this afternoon? Will you be free this afternoon?B: Yes, Ill be free then. Im sorry, I have no time then.2.在约定见面时，祈使句式表示的语气较随意。A: Lets meet at

12、 the gate of the park. When shall we meet? Shall we meet at 4:30?B: All right. See you then. OK. See you.3.谢绝邀请时，不必要直截了当地用No, I wont.等句式，而应当先表示感谢，说明不能去的原因，再表示歉意。A: What about tomorrow afternoon?B: Thats great. Maybe other time.十一、打电话（Making telephone calls）接电话的一方通常用Hello! This is等句式先自报家门，以便对方核实是否拨错号

13、；如果你是对方要找的人就说Yes, speaking. 询问对方是谁用Who is this?或Who is that speaking?等句型；叫对方不要挂电话，可以用Just a moment, please.等句式；May I have your namephone number?用于询问对方的姓名、电话号码。A: Hello! May I speak to? Hello! Id like to speak to. Is that speaking?B: Hello! This isspeaking. Hello, who is that?Just a moment, please.So

14、rry. HeShe isnt here. May I have your namephone number? Sorry, wrong number.十二、就餐（Having meals）1.表示侍者、服务员、主人方问话，就餐者、顾客、客人表示肯定的应答。A: Would you like something to eatdrink?B: Yes, Id like a drink.2.表示已经吃饱了，谢绝的应答。（如果先回答thank you可能使问话方误解为：不需要提供服务，已经吃饱了；一般可以直接回答所需要的服务、饭菜种类名称等；当然可以在后面加上thank you.）A: Would

15、you like some more fish?B: No, thanks.3.顾客希望服务员提供点菜建议的用语或是服务员建议顾客点菜时的用语。 What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?十三、就医(Seeing the doctor)1.医生询问患者和患者述说病情时用语。Whats the matter (with)? / Whats wrong(with)?一般是医生诊断病人的第一句。向医生述说病情时，可以用I feel来表示自己的感觉，用I have got a backache.等句式述说某个部位疼痛。要表示自己出现了某些症状，则可使用I

16、have got a bad cough.等句式表达。2.进一步询问病人症状的用语。Do you have a fever?3.在叫病人配合检查时，医生常用的祈使句句型。Open your mouth and say “Ah”.4.如果病情不严重时的用语。Its nothing serious.5.医生常常使用一些祈使句作为具体的嘱咐。Take this medicine three times a day. Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.6.医生告诉病人治愈的时间或表示安慰。Youll be all rightwell s

17、oon.十四、购物（Shopping）1.进入商店时售货员向顾客提供服务时的用语。A: Can I help you?What can I do for you?B: I want/ Id like a pair of shoes.2.顾客请售货员拿自己想要的商品时说的话，如果在它们前面加上Can you?或Would you?则语气较为客气礼貌。A: Can you show me some shirts? Could I have a look at those books?B: Sure. Here you are.3.售货员问顾客需要哪种款式或哪件商品时，常说What kind wou

18、ld you like? 如果有了一定的针对性，可以说Which one do you like? 征询顾客对某种商品的看法时则说How about?Do you like?等等。有size的问句中在询问尺码等问题时用。询问顾客是否有其他需要，可以说Anything else?或What else?A: What colour sizekind would you like? What size do you wear? How many do you want would you like? WhatHow about this one?B: The blue one.Sorry, I li

19、ke that one.Its too bigsmall.Only one.The one on the left.Get me something large.4.顾客穿上新衣服，售货员一般都会评价试穿的效果，赞美顾客挑选的衣服合适；如果大小有些不符，则会说It looks a little bigsmallshortlong.等，表明要做适当的更换。A: It looks a little bigsmallshortlong.B: Do you have any other colourssizeskinds?5.顾客询问价格，售货员报价和找零。How much用于询问对方某个（些）东西的

20、价格。在购物时，如果你想要买一件或一些东西，可以说“Ill take itthem.”6.顾客要求降价。西方国家的一般商店里不还价，在自由市场（旧市场、跳蚤市场等）可以讨价还价，但一般也不漫天要价，还价前一定要表示对该商品有兴趣。A: Its 140 yuan.B: Sorry,its too expensive.十五、问路（Asking the way）1.向某人问路时，要用“Excuse me”,引起某人的注意，意思是“劳驾，请问”。A: Excuse me. Wheres the cinema?B: Its over there.2.礼貌地向别人问路。A: Can Would you t

21、ell me how to get to the post office? Excuse me. Could you tell show me the way to the station, please? Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park? How can I get there? How can I get to ? Where's ? Which is the way to ?Is there a near here?B: Its over there. / Its near the / Go down the street. / I

22、ts on Road. Its in Street. / You can take bus No.and get off at the stop./Go along Road, turn right/left at Road. Then go along Road.The place is on your right/left. Well, to get there faster, you can You cant miss it.3路程问答法：How far is it from here?Its about metres / kilometres away.Its about minute

23、s walk from here.4.公共汽车站问答法：How many stops are there?Only 3.5.指明路线。描述相对参照物所处的相对位置。A: Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?B: Go down this street until you see the tall red building.6.对问路人所问的内容，若自己也不认识，礼貌起见，可说“Im sorry.”也可在后面加上否定副词（如not）缓和语气。A: Excuse me. How can I get to No.4 Middle Scho

24、ol?B: Sorry, I dont know. I cant help you. 十六、季节（The seasons）1. Whats the weather like ? Its 2. Which season do you like best? I like best. Why? Because its I can 3. Its than in 4is the best season in 5. It often rains.6. It is warm in spring.7. The days get shorter and the nights get longer in autumn/winter.8. The days get longer and the nights get shorter in spring/summer.十七