高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总

1、2021届高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等.in,on,to,with,by,for,at,from,up,beyond,before,among,of,off,against,like,since,besides,behind,during等aboutbeaboutto即将做What/Howabout？怎么样for交换：Hesoldthehousefor50,000yuan.到达某一数值：Shewroteacheckfor£20.赞成,拥护：I'mforgettin

2、gupearlyandgoingtobedearly.固定搭配：foronething首先forexample例如forever永远forthetimebeing暂时,目前forinstance例如forfree免费forthefirsttimeA次forsale出售,待售watchoutfor警惕longfor渴望forone'sgood为某人好with和一起：HeisplayingtabletenniswithTom.用工具：Don'twritewithapencil.随着：Theweatherchangeswithseasons.带有,具有：Ourcompanyneeds

3、peoplewithspecializedknowledge.行为方式：Handlewithcare!原因：Sheshiveredwithcold.注意：with的复合结构：常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况.Sheoftensleepswiththewindowopen.(adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉.Hecameinwithabookinhishand.(prep.)他手里拿着本书进来了.Shefeltscaredwithsomanypeoplelookingather.(doing)这么多人看着她,她感到害怕.Witheverythingbought,hele

4、ftthemarket.(done)买完了所需要的东西之后,他离开了市场.Withnothingtodo,hewentoutforawalk.(todo)由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步.Helefthisroomwiththelighton.adv.他离开了房间,灯亮着.by用于被动结构：ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.表地点,“靠近,在的旁边“：Thereisapumpingstationbytheriver.表时间,“在之前,不迟于“：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbytomorrow.表方法、手段：Youwillmakeprogressonl

5、ybystudyinghard.途径：Heenteredbythebackdoor.表示按某物标准或单位：Thecompanypaidmebythehour.根据,根据：Don'tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.触及,持住某人的身体或衣物：Itooktheboybythehand.表增减程度：Hemissedthetargetbyaninch.固定搭配：littlebylittlestonebystoneonebyonebymistakebynomeansbyaccidentbychancebyoneselfbyandbybyfar逐渐地一块石头一块石头地一个一

6、个地由疏忽所至决不偶然偶然,碰巧单独不久以后得多,最趋于,倾向某种情况,性质等Iwasmovedtotears.to至U地点：LastweekherauntcametoShanghai.给：Ioftenwritetomyuncle.差时间：Itistentoeleven.比：Thescoreis2to1.伴随：Hedancedtothemusic.他随着音乐跳舞.使某人快乐的是使某人快乐的是使某人悲伤的是使某人大吃一惊的是使某人吃惊的是固定搭配：toone'sdelight=tothedelightofsb.toone'sjoy=tothejoyofsb.toonessorro

7、w=tothesorrowofsb.toonesastonishment=totheastonishmentofsb.toonessurprise=tothesurpriseofsb.off离,从离开：ItisanislandoffthecoastofFrance.through通过,“从一边进,从另一边出“：Shepushedherwaythroughthecrowd.由于：Thewarwaslostthroughbadorganization.从头至尾,由始至终：Ireadthroughthebook.各处：WetraveledthroughFrance.beyond表示位置在那一边,超出

8、范围、限度：Myhomeisbeyondthebridge.Thisisbeyondmycomprehension.Thefruitwasbeyondmyreach.against反对,违背：Weareagainstwaste.靠着,倚：Isatagainstthewall.Thepicturelooksgoodagainstthatlightwall.防御：Wearealltakingmedicineagainstthedisease.我们大家都在吃药预防那种病.与相反,逆着：Wesailedagainstthewind.at在表空间、地点：Idon'tknowthemanstand

9、ingatthegate.在时亥U表时间：Weusuallygotoworkattwointheafternoon.以速度、价格：Theysoldtheirbeefatahighprice.处于状态,从事于：Thetwocountrieswereatwar.表示目标,意为"朝,对"：Wehadaheatedargumentandshoutedateachother.与有情感的词语连用如angry,delighted,glad,happy,sad,disappointed,shocked,excited等表示产生这些感情的原因,“由于,对于"：Iwassurpris

10、edatthenews.Wewereindeepsorrowathisdeath.I'mgladathearingyourreturnhomefromCanada.Hisparentsweredisappointedathislosingthechancetouniversity.固定搭配：atthelatestatseaatonceatmostatleastatfirstatpresentatonetimeatatimeatbreakfast最迟在海上,在航海马上至多至少起初,开始的时候目前曾经一次吃早餐时atthesametime同时atstake在胜败关头,冒风险over超过：T

11、hereareovertwentygirlsinourclass.遍于：IhavetraveledalloverEurope.在上方与under相反：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.越过尤指先往上再往下：Hejumpedoverthewall.在期间：WillyoubeathomeoverChristmas?通过：Idon'twanttosayitoverthetelephone.在上面盖着：Heputthenewspaperoverhisface.in在方面：Yoursuccessintheexaminationdependsuponyoureffortsnow

12、.用语言：HewrotealetterinEnglish.表示计算或度量的标准,“用,以"：Theenergyismeasuredincalories.在之内表时间或空间：Theworkwascompletedintwoweeks.过后时间：Itwillbereadyinaweek.穿、戴：Heisinasilkshirt.表状态：Hewasinpoorhealth.Theroomisinamess.表示原材料：Theletterwaswritteninink.固定搭配:inpublicinordertoinnotimeincommoninallinfactintheendinthe

13、distance公开地inalowvoiceinawordinotherwordsinmoderntimesinplaceingeneralinthepastinthiswayinreturninshortintheopenairtakeprideintakepartinplayapartinintheformof为了马上共同,共用总共实际上最后,终于在远处低声地总之换句话说现代,近代在适当的地方一般说来在过去用这种方法作为回报简言之在户外以自豪参加在方面起作用以形式insight在视力范围之内,看得见incase万一inthenameof以名义indetail详细地on在的外表上：There

14、aretwomapsonthewall.在的时候某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上,表具体或特殊的日子:OnthemorningofNovember12,1939,Dr.Bethunebreathedhislast.有关,论及：Ihavewrittenanarticleontheimportanceofbirthcontrol.在河畔,沿着：是的一员：LondonisontheThames.MyclassmateisonChinaDaily.ondoingsth.onleaveonpurposeonholidayonthewholeonfireonone'sownonstrikeonthel

15、eft/rightonthecontraryonsaleonaverageontheaironboardcallonsb.onbehalfofOn(hearing).一一就休假成心度假总的来说着火单独,单独罢工在左/右边相反地出售/减价平均无线电/电视播送在车/船/飞机上拜访某人代表听到就固定搭配：of和某一动词连用表示"想到","谈到"：Hebegantotalkofhishometown.表示所属关系：HeisaworkeroftheBeijing.fromfromamong从当中,frombehind从后面,fromunder从下面,atabout

16、在大约左右,afterabout在大约之后,fromacross从的对岸,fromabove从上方等Itookaballfromunderthetable.我从桌底拿出一个球.易错点点拨：1. in与withinin后接表示时间长度的名词,可以与将来时或过去时连用.如果它与将来时连用,那么常表示“过一段时间之后；如果与非将来时连用,常表示“在之内.in火车还有十五分钟就到了.“不超过,不到某一段时间.更正式.我三周之内回来.Thetrainwillarriveinfifteenminutes.within后接表示时间长度的名词,表示在这一范围之内,可以同将来时和过去时连用,比Ishallbeb

17、ackwithinthreeweeks.2. in和afterin后接一段时间,after接某一点的时间,均可用于将来时.in不可以接表示某一点的时间名词,而after如果在过去时的句子中可以加一段的时间名词,表示从过去某一时间算起,in加一段时间指从现在的时间算起.I'llcomebackinanhour.我要在一小时后回来.(inanhour为一段时间)Illcomebackafterthreeoclock.我要在三点钟之后回来.threeo'clock为时间点3. through,across和over它们都可用作介词,与动词连用,表示“通过,穿过".但acro

18、ss强调在某一物体平面上运动,与on有关,侧重横贯式横向通过；through强调运动在某一物体的三维空间(内部)进行,与in有关,侧重在空间穿过；over是从某物体上方越过,或在高形物上穿过,当表示在某一长形物的另一边时用法同across.Thenwetookoffandflewoverthemountain.随后我们起飞了,飞过高山.Theroadrunsthroughthevillage.这条路穿过这村子.Theywalkedacrossthesquare.他们走过广场.4. besides和except,butbesides"除之外,还有,表示附加意义；except"

19、除了,不包括“,常与表示全肯定或全部否认的词连用,表示整体中除去例外,即整体中不再包括除去局部.but意义与except相同,但语气较except弱；使用except的限制较少,而使用but那么有许多限制,but只能用在none,all,nobody,anybody,everything,everyone,以及who,what,where之后.WeallwenttothepartybesidesTom.除了汤姆参加了晚会,我们也去了.Weallwenttothepartyexcept/butTom.除了汤姆没去晚会,我们都去了.Whobut/exceptafoolwoulddosuchathi

20、ng?除了傻瓜,有谁会做这样的事情呢？5.except和exceptforexcept是从一组东西中排除其特殊一个或几个,exceptfor那么是以保存的方式对整个句子内容进行修正,也就是说,如果两局部所用的词或词组所表示的并非同一类事,而它们之间又是所属关系,句子后半部对前半部所说的根本情况在细节上加以修正,就要用exceptfor.except只用于句中、句末,不用于句首.Exceptfor可用于句首.Ilookedeverywhereexceptinthebathroom.除了浴室之外,我到处都看了.Heisagoodmanexceptforhottemper.他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已.6. Itbe+形容词+forsb.todosth./Itbe+形容词+ofsb.todosth.如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,那么sb.前应用介词of,否那么就用for.It'snecessaryf