初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲

1、初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲王春娟 杨凌高新中学教学目标：集中学习初中英语形容词与副词及比较级及最高级的用法。 教学内容：一形容词用法1.形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、 尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关 系等。除了 these和those外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。描绘形容词限定形容词beautiful, large, red,基数词(one, two)序数词(first, sec ond)in teresti ng, colourful物主代词(my, your)指示代词(this, that,

2、 these)importa nt数量词(few, many)冠词(a, an, the)2.形容词的位置修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：形容词性代词t数量词t描绘形容词all boththe, a( n) this, thatfirstone性质尺寸形状新旧 温度颜色国籍材料goodlargeoldredChin eseironsuchyour, some, manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEn glishstoneExample: that strong young Chin ese swimmer注意：形容词前有

3、as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。She is too kind a girl to refuse.在以下情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后：1名词之后的数量词+名词+old, long, wide等。a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long2为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。He had a face th in and worn.3someth ing, anything, every one, an ybody + 形容词。There ' s nothing wrong

4、 with the electric cooker.4作定语用的分词或形容词短语The judge has talked to all the people involved.所包含的形式复杂的3. “数词+名词构成的形容词1数词 + 名词，女口a two-week tour, a ten-page report 等。2数词+名词+形容词，如a seven-year-old boy等。3名词无冠词+基数词 =the +序数词+名词，如Unit 6=the Sixth Un it4“数量词+复数名词"作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个单 位来表示。如果强调个别数，那么须

5、用复数动词。Ten years is quite a long time to him.Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.二副词1. 副词的构成如下： 1本身就是副词，如 very, now, there, quite 等 . 2有形容词后缀如 -ly, 如 happily, carefully 等。 3有些副词与形容词同形，如early, high, long, fast, hard 等。注意：有些 -ly 结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如 manly, friendly, queenly 女王的 威严的 ,慷慨

6、的 等。2. 副词的位置 1修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如： The scenery around here is very beautiful. 2 always, never, often, sometimes, usually 等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be 动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him.3有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点小地点+大地点t状

7、 态t次数t时间单位小的时间+单位大的时间。They arrived in Paris safely the other day. 4 seldom, rarely, never 等具有否认意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be 动词须放在主语的前面也叫倒装句 ，如：Never did I hear such a funny story. =I never heard such a funny story.3. 几个特殊副词的用法 1 enough 须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后； too 须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之、八前。She speaks English well enough to

8、be an interpreter 译员，口译者It ' s too hot a day to work.但 enough 修饰名词时须置于名词之前。Have you got enough money for this microwave 微波 oven 烤炉，烤箱 ?2toofor +不定式to，作"太而不能"解；en ough +不定式，意思是"足够可以"，这一结构可转换成sothat结构。The boy was still too young to go to school.t He was so young that he could n

9、ot go to school.The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce.t He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce. 3 already 用于肯定句，作“已经解； yet 用于否认句，作“还解，用于疑问句 作“已经解， still 作“仍然解。I have already seen the film.Have you seen the film yet?I still prefer tea to coffee. 4随着 only 和 also 在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。Only Mr. Li

10、 came to see me today.Mr. Li came to see only me today.Mr. Li came to see me only today.三形容词的比较等级形容词比较等级的规那么变化如下表:构成法原级比较级最咼级1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est伟大的greatgreatergreatest2、单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave勇敢的 fine 好的braver finerbravest fin est3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 个辅音字 母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbig 大的 hot 热的bigger hotterbi

11、ggest hottest4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词, 末尾加-er，和-est以-y结尾的词，如-y 前是辅音字母，那么y变为i，再加-er和-est。 以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-sthappy快乐的clever聪明的narrow 狭窄的 able能happier cleverer n arrower ablerhappiest cleverest n arrowest ablest5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词 more 和 most.difficult 困难的more difficultmost difficult四形容词比较等级局部不规那么变化表原

12、级比较级最咼级good wellbetterBestbadillworseworstmany muchmoreMostlittlefewlessLeastfarfarther furtherfarthest furthestoldolder elderoldest eldestlatelatter laterlast latest五形容词、副词比较等级的根本用法形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。1原级常用于"as+原级+ as"结构。He likes her as much as he likes his sister.否认的原级用not as或not soa二者一般无甚区别。

13、He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.2比较级常用于“比较级+tha n"结构。He is taller tha n me.否认比较与否认原级一样，也用not as(so)a结构，也可用lesstha结构.This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.3两个人或物比较时，定冠词the +比较级表示最高级。He is the taller of the two.4最高级常用于“ the +最高级+比较范围'结构，比较范围为短语或从句。

14、It is the best picture in the hall.5含有否认词的比较级，如 no less tha n=as much(or many )as“不亚于"not less tha n=at least“至少" no less tha n =asas“禾口一样"not less+原级+ than“至少不亚于" no more than=not any more than “禾口一样不"not more than=not so as“不像那样" no more tha n=only“只不过"，言其少not mo

15、re tha n=at most“不多于"，“至少"6表示“几倍于"用 twice两倍，three times三倍+ asas,This book costs twice as much as the other one.7the +比较级，the+比较级，意思是“越就越"，如：The harder you work , the more you will learn.8比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，女口 asas前可用almost, nearly, just(about),quite 等词语修饰，如：Joh n is almost as tall

16、as his father.9在 more than 结构之前可用 far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等词语修饰，如：He speaks En glish a lot more rapidly tha n he does Fren ch.10比较级+ and+比较级，作“越来越"解，如：The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger.当堂检测：【典型例题】一.形容词与副词练习1. He is aboy. ( good, well )2. The

17、se areclassroom. ( bright, brightly )3. He is aman. ( real, really )4. He isa man. ( real, really )5. They aregirls. ( careful, carefully )keys: 1. good 2. bright 3. real 4. really 5. careful6. They walked into the room. ( quiet, quietly )7. He is hurt. ( bad, badly )8. The man was _ ill. ( serious,

18、 seriously )9. _the man wasn ' t badly hurt. ( lucky, luckily )10. They are carrying some _ boxes. ( heavy, heavily )keys: 6. quietly 7. badly 8. seriously 9. Luckily 10. heavy11. En glish is _ spoke n in the world. ( wide, widely )12. Knives are _一 used for cutting things. ( wide, widely )13. R

19、ice is _grow n in the south . ( mai n, mai nly )14. He is a -_ tall man. ( strong, stron gly )15. He is _( careful, carefully )keys: 11. widely 12. widely 13. mai nly14. stro ng15. careful16. He writes. ( careful, carefully )17. He feels( happy, happily )18. He lives. ( happy, happily )19. It rained

20、last ni ght. ( heavy, heavily )20. The rain was( heavy, heavily )keys: 16. carefully 17. happy 18. happily 19. heavily 20. heavy21. It blewesterday. ( stro ng, stron gly )22. The sun is shi ning. ( bright, brightly )23. They are work ing. ( happy, happily )24. He got. ( an gry, an grily )25. Things

21、turn.( bad, badly )keys: 21. stro ngly 22. brightly 23. happily 24. angry 25. bad26. Lucy was asas me. ( careful , carefully )27. Lucy wrote ass me. ( careful, carefully )28. He clea ned the room asas Lily. ( quick, quickly )29. He runs asas me .( slow, slowly )30. Howhe sun sho ne! ( bright, bright

22、ly )keys: 26. careful 27 carefully 28. quickly 29. slowly 30. brightly31. How _ the sun is ! ( bright, brightly )32. Howhe flowers are grow ing! ( beautiful, beautifully )33. Howhey are! ( happy, happily )34. Howhey are work ing! ( happy, happily )35. Howhe wind blew last ni ght! ( strong, stro ngly

23、 )keys: 31. bright 32. beautifully33. h appy 34. h appily 35. stro ngly【模拟试题】答题时间：45分钟一.形容词、副词专项练习题1. Nowadays scienee fiction isn' t asas cartoons among teenagers.A. popularB. more popularC. less popularD. the most popular2. We are glad to see that Shan ghai is develop ingthese years tha n ever

24、 before.A. quicklyB. less quicklyC. more quicklyD. the most quickly3. The cheese cake tasted sothat the kids asked for more.A. deliciousB. wellC. badD. badly4. Why didn ' t younjoy the talk?It wastalk that I had ever liste ned to.A. the most in teresti ngB. the least in terest ingC. more in tere

25、st ingD. 1ess in teresti ng5. Guo Yue did quiteat the World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛)，but ZhangYi ning did eve nA. better; wellB. well; wellC. well; betterD. better; betters or Tom6. Whose picture is better, JackBoth of them are good. I thi nk Jack drawsTom.B. as well asD. worse tha nA. as good

26、 asC. better than7. It gets veryhere in summer.A. coolB. coldC. warmD. hot8. Be, and you will do well in the En glish exam.A. carefulB. politeC. sureD. frien dly9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school,En glish.A. reallyB. mostlyC. especiallyD. exactly10. The coat is too expe nsive. Look, he

27、re's ano ther on e. It'sand nicer.A. dearerB. cheaperC. olderD. Ion ger11. The populati on of Tianj in istha n that of Shan ghai.A. largerB. lessC. smallerD. fewer12. It ' s raining. We have to stay at home in stead of going fish ing .A. badlyB. hardlyC. heavilyD. stro ngly13. Kate is as

28、as Maria.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest14. She looks very. I think she n eeds to have a rest.A. tiredB. hardC. wellD. hardly15. Tom is terribly ill.we d better send him to hospital asas we can.D. easilyA. slowlyB. quicklyC. quietly16. Do you like the Moo nl ight Son ata?Sure, it sounds rea

29、llyA. clearB. clearlyC. beautifulD. beautifully17. Supermarkets are n ecessary. People usually spendtime finding things they want, butthey usually spe ndmoney tha n they want.A. less; lessB. less; more C. fewer; lessD. fewer; more18. “ Do you want to improve your score in math? Try staying away from

30、 your computer! " Arecent report in Brita in says, Thestude nts use computer at school and at home, thethey do in exams of reading and math."B. less; worseD. less; betterA. more; betterC. more; more19. He speaks Englishan American, so we all believe that he has stayed in America formany ye

31、ars.A. as good asB. worse tha nC. as badly asD. as well as20. The TV programme is bori ng. Shall we play chess in stead?All right. That istha n watch ing a bori ng programme.A. very goodB. much goodC. very betterD. much better21. Even though she looks very young, she is twice my twen ty-year-old sis

32、ter.A. as old asB. older tha nC. so old asD.as older as22. The sooner you take your medic ine.you will feel.A. the more goodB.betterC. the moreD.the better23. Of the four T-shirts I like the blue oneA. much bestB.the bestC. betterD.the better24. Xiao Yang has learnedto study in the U.S.A. En glish e

33、no ughB. eno ugh En glishC. more En glishD. much En glish25. He expla ined it to me, but Iwiserm noA. eno ughB. theC. moreD. much26. Xiao Wang ' s mother bought him aracing bicycle for his birthday.A. five-speedsB. five-speedC. five- speed ' sD. five- speeds '.形容词与副词原级、比较级和最高级练习1. The sn

34、ow will be in North China tomorrow.A. very heavyB. much heavy2. The child is too to go to school.A. oldB. young3. Jim can jump than Tom.A. farB. farther4. The Changjiang River is in China.A. the longB. l on ger5. Exercise One is in Less on Ten.A. difficultB. much more difficult6. Who is , Mr. Green

35、or Mr. Smith?A. very richB. much richer7. This is TV set I have ever seen.A. cheaperB. the cheapest8. John is Kate.A. as youngasB. as youn ger as9. Do you thi nkwhich classroom is in our school?A. clea nB. the clea ner10. Mr. Zhang is one of in No. 1 Middle School.A. the busiest teacherB. the busies

36、t teachers11. Could you tell me the way to hospital, please?A. n earB. n earer12. Of all the boxes, the red one is .A. heavyB. heavier13. Our school is not so as theirs.A. smallB. smaller14. Miss Li is Miss Zhao.C. heavierC.youngerC. farthestC. the Ion gestC. the most difficultC. the richestC. the most cheapC.young thanC. the clea nestC. the busy teachersC. the n earestC. the heaviestC. the smallestC. as older asA.