初三英语词汇复习

1、RevisionofJuniorEnglish初三英语词汇复习名词：表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词,分为专有名词和普通名词.专有名词表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称.专有名词第一个字母要大写*Lucy*ChinatheSummerPalace普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词表示人、事物、地点等的名称.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之名词的单数形式:一般可用a来修饰*acar*abook在元音发音开头的单词前用an*anelephant*anapple请区别:ausefulmachine名词的复数形式1复数形式的构成方法一般在复数名词后加s/s/or/z/*dog-dogs*

2、book-books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es"/iz/*boxboxes*watchwatches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i力口es"/iz/*country-countries请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词那么只须加s'*boy七oys(4)以o结尾的名词加s/z/*radio-radios*zoo-zoos只有potatotomato力口区构成复数potato-potatoestomatotomatoes(5)以f、fe结尾的名,变八fe为v再加es"/vz/half-halves2 .特殊变化复数单复数同形Chi

3、nese-ChinesefishfishJapanese-Japanesesheep-sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth"teethfootfeet3 .变man为men：man-menwomanwomenpoliceman-policemen请区别：German(德国人)"Germans4 .其它形式child-childrenmouse-mice5 .一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况(1)将中央词变为复数:girlfriend-girlfriends(2)man,woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数amandoctor-mendoctorsawoma

4、nteacher-womenteachers6 .常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothespolicetrousers这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.Thepoliceoftencomehere7 .可用howmany,many,afew,few,any,lotsof,some,alotof等修饰可数名词复数*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如：water,rice,fish,mea

5、t等.特别记住：workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1 .不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2 .常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome3 .常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,单

6、复数表现在of前面的名词上,而of后始终是单数* Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.注意：可数名词也可用量来表示,of后用复数* Therearetwobagsofclothesoverthere.* Wehavefiveboxesofapples.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同（1） glass玻璃aglass玻璃杯room空间aroom房间paper纸-apaper报纸work工作-awork著作（2） fruit水果fruits各种水果fish鱼fish

7、es各种鱼hair所有头发-hairs几根头发time时间Cimes时代名词的一般用法名词做定语1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数* Hehastwopencil-boxes.* Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时仍用复数形式*asportsfield*aclothesshop4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用-“'连接.*Heisaf

8、ourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,防止主谓不一致.Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一个大家庭她的家人都是老师.*Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“的一.名词所有格的构成方法1.单数名词后加"s"*Tom'sbook*myfriend'suncle2.以s结尾的复数名词,那么在s后加即可*Teachers;Day*twoweeks'holiday3.

9、不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s*Children;sDay*men;sshoes4.用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语,主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom二.名词所有格的几个注意点1 .可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略* myaunt'shome我姑姑家* gototheteachers"office去老师办公室2 .有些名词的所有格可用两种形式*thecat'sname/thenameofthecat"China'scapital/thecapit

10、alofChina3 .表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加V*LucyandLily'sroom露西和莉莉的房间两人共有一间房间请区另1J:Lucy'sandLily'srooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间两人各有一间房间5有些不可数名词要表示种“、-场"、堆时,须加不定冠词*aheavysnow*astrongwind*makeafire*haveagoodtime6用于固定词组*halfanhour*amomentago*alotof*havearest*alittle冠词：虚词,本身无独立的意义,它用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物是泛指还是特指不定冠词a,an

11、泛指定冠词the特指1 .不定冠词的用法1表示某人事物的某一种类* Myfatherisadriver.* Doyoulikeanappleorapear?2表示某一事物中的任何一个* Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.* Amonkeycanclimbtrees.3表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物.* AstudentfromClassTworunsfastest.* Amaniscallingnow.4表示数量,有的含义*Thereisaflowerinthevase.* Apandahasamouth,anose,twoeyes.5有些不可数名词要表示种“、-场

12、"、堆时,须加不定冠词* aheavysnow*astrongwind*makeafire*haveagoodtime6用于固定词组*halfanhour*amomentago*alotof*havearest*alittleafew2 .定冠词的用法1指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the2世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the*thesun*themoon*theearth3定冠词the用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前* thefirst*thebest*inthesouth4乐器名称前用定冠词the* playthepiano*playtheviolin5在复数姓氏前

13、加the,表示xx一家人,常看成复数* TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.=TheBrownfamilyaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.6在一些形容词前,表示一类人*therich富人*theold老人*thedeaf聋子7在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词thetheGreatWall*bytheway*inthemorning*ontheright*behindthechair3 .不用冠词1在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前不用冠词* insummer*inAugust

14、*onSunday*studyphysics请区别：inthespringof1945特指加the2一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词* havebreakfast*playfootball3名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,each作定语,不用冠词* Theymetherethismorning.* Eachboyhasaworkbook.4一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔不用冠词China,GradeTwo,Mr.Li,Dr.,Liu,meat5表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词*inpurple*inred*Japanese*Britain6固定词组*goto

15、bed*bybus*atnight*intime4 .在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同infrontof在前面inthefrontof在范围内的前部*Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一棵树*Theteachers'deskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.讲台在教室的前部inhospital生病住院inthehospital医院里* He'sillinhospital.他生病住院.* Myparentsworkinthehospital.我的父母在医院工作.Exercisesi用名词的正确形式填空1 Hecutthe

16、appleinto(half).2 The(potato)aremine.3 Howmany(family)arethereinthistown?4 Thereareten(deer)onthefarm.5 These(German)are(businessman).6 Lastweekwewenttothe(child)Park.n改错1.It'sahardwork.2 .Wedon'thaveanyclassonSundays.3 .Theroom'swindowsareverybig4 Howmanymilkisthereinthebag?5 .CouldIhav

17、ethreepapers,please?6 .Thesetwopiecesofbreadisoverthere出选择1 Ifoundgoodnewsinnewspaper.A.a,aB.apieceof,apieceofC.a,pieceofD.apieceof,a2 Whatitistoday!A.afineweatherB.fineweatherC.fineaweatherD.thefineweather3 Totheir,theyhaveallpassedtheexam.A.surpriseB.surprisingC.surprisesD.surprised4 Lucyissister.

18、A.MaryandJackB.Mary'sandJack'sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack's5 Pleasemakeforhim.Heisverytired.A.anyroomB.anyroomC.someroomsD.someroom6 Themodelplanewasmadebyaboy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold7 Hewenttothetobuyapairofshoes.AshoesstoreBshoestoreCshoe'sstoreDs

19、hoes'store8 Iwillgiveyoutofinishit.Atwoweek'stimeBtwoweeks'timeCtwoweektimeDtwoweekstime9 Thetwobedroomarethe.AtwinsBtwin;sCtwins;Dtwins10 ThisisanoldphotoofminewhenI.AhaveshorthairsBhadshorthairsChaveshorthairDhadshorthair111thinkthecountryismuchmorebeautifulthananyotherintheworld.Acoun

20、tryBcountriesCthecountryDthecountries12John'sunclehasmanyfriends.Mr.Shuteisafriendof.AJohn'suncleBJohnuncle'sCJohn'suncle'sDJohnuncleIV填上适当冠词1 Thereism"inwordmother".2 Didyouplaybasketballorplaypianoafterschool?3Turnrightatthirdcrossingonleft.4 Theygottomoonbyspaceship.

21、5 Sheisuniversitystudent,shelikesmusicoffilm.6 Wedidn'thavehistoryyesterday,wewenttovisitHistoryMuseum.7 SmithswenttocapitalofChinalastyear.8 Whatwindydayitis!9 HisbestfriendflewtoFrancelastweek.10 ChinesedoctortoldhimtotakethreetimesdayPronouns代词代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身

22、代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns人称代词PersonalPronouns主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem1.人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格* Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他.* Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的.2.人称代词在作表语时,用宾格*Who'sknockingatthedoor?Ht'sme.

23、谁敲门？-是我.3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为第二人称,第三人称,第一人称*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她者B喜欢音乐.4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等* Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe'llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大.* Theshipisleaving.She'sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了.这是她第一次去波士顿.5.it作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等* What'theweatherliket

24、oday?Tt'swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风.* It'saboutfiveminutes'walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟.6.it可作为形式主语,将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移,使句子显得平稳* It'shardtoreachtheapples.彳艮难够至U苹果.* It;sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性,名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyour

25、yourstheirtheirs1 .形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语* Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人.* Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善.2 .名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语* Whosedictionaryisthis?Tt'smine.这字典是谁的？-我的.* Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大,他们的房间小.* Youmayusemypen.I'llusehers.你可以用我的笔,我用他的好了.3 .形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词二

26、名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数.* Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)* Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4 .of+名词性物主代词表示所属* Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士.* Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友反身代词SelfPronouns单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身

27、代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语* Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些.* Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己.* Hehimselfwasadoctor他本人就是一个大夫.* Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselftolearnsth.byoneself=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoym

28、yself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.不定代词IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名词或形容词的代词all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome一些,某一般用于肯定句中* Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any一些,任何多用于疑问句和否认句* Doyouh

29、aveanypicture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中* Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？* MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？* CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？* Willyougivemesomewater?2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词* Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.* Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词* Hedoesn;tknowmuchEnglish.你能给我些水吗？3.anot

30、her/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个* Idon'twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词,泛指别的、其他的* Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother1 .特指两个中的另一个*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2 .修饰名词,特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.others泛指

31、其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittle* few/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词* few,little表示否认意义,译为没有几个,没有多少afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为有"几个“,有&quo

32、t;一点* Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住.* Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生.* IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语.* Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶.* few和little与quite或only连用时,常加不定冠词a* Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书.6.every/eachevery+单数名词,表示每一个,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用*Every

33、childlikesplayinggames.each表示每一个,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/noneall作部都,表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.none没有",表示三者或三者以上都不后常跟介词of谓语动词单、复数均可*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neitherb

34、oth“两者都,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither两者都不,含有否认意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时后跟名词单数*Neitheranswerisright.* either两者中任何一个",作主语时谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时后跟名词单数* Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.有关词组及应用A.bothof/eitherof/neither

35、of* Bothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好.* EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以.* Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest他们俩谁都不停下来休息.B.bothand谓语动词用复数形式eitheror/neithernor谓语动词遵循就近原那么* BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.om和Lucy都在二年级.* Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathom或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭.* NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空.9.Som

36、ething/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时,常后置* Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.* Isthereanythingelseinthebox?* Nobodycananswerthequestion.指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包:this/that单数these/those复数1 .this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*Thisismyshirt,that'syours.*

37、TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2 .that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3 .刚刚提到的事情,在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I'msorrytohearthat.疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语宾语定语表语* Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?做主语* WhoWhomwereyoutalkingw

38、ith?做宾语* WhichbusdoIneed?做定语* What'syourfather?做表语注意：在口语中,Who和Whom通用,但在介词后只能用Whom*Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?专昔AdjectivesandAdverbs形容词、副词形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物性质、特征或状态的词位置及作用：1.形容词修饰名词时通常放在被修饰词的前面,做定语* Thisisawoolensweater.* Hejustboughtanexpensivecar.2 .形容词位于系动词的后面,做表语*Itwasdange

39、roushere.*Hisfaceturnsred.3 .形容词做补语时,表示现状、状态或某一动作的结果*Theymustkeeptheireyesclosed.*Hemadeuslaugh.4 .形容词放在数量词之后* Thebridgeisnearlytwentymeterswide.* Thisisabuildingtwelvestoreyshigh.5.形容词在修饰no,some,any,every构成的不定代词时,形容词放在所修饰词之后* There'ssomethingwrongwiththemachine.* Isthereanythingimportantintoday

40、'snewspaper?* Someoneelsehasdoneit.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词或全句的词,用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等.在句中多做状语或表语位置及作用：1 .副词修饰动词时,放在句首、句中或句末*UsuallyIreadthenewspapersintheevening.*Sheisoftenlate.2 .时间、地点副词,放在句末或句首* YoucameherelastSunday.* Tomorrowwearegoingtohaveameeting.3.副词修饰形容词或副词时,一般前置* Shestudiedveryhard.注意：enough属例外词形/

41、副+enoughtodo* Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.enough+名词* Wehaveenoughmoneytobuythisbook.4.常见的频度副词有:alwayshardlysometimesoften频度副词一般放在系动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前.* Ihardlyeverheardhimsinging.* Sheisalwaysaskingquestions.* DoyouoftenspeakEnglish?5.及物动词+副词组成的动词词组,有名词做宾语时,该名词放在副词前或后均可,如是代词做宾语,那么必须将代词放在副词前*CanItryonthes

42、hoesplease?*CanItrythemonplease?*Don'tcutdownthetree!*Don'tcutitdown!区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词* too用于肯定、疑问句常用于句尾also较为正式书面语,紧跟动词either用于否认句,用于句尾* Helikesmusic,Ilikeit,too.* Theyalsoagreewithme.* Shecan'tswimeither.* already常用于肯定句、个别疑问句yet常用于否认句、疑问句* Thetrainhasalreadygone.* Theyhaven'tcomebacky

43、et.* such修饰名词so修饰形容词、副词* Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.* ThisboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.* alone单独、单独作表语=byoneselflonely孤独的可作表语、定语* Helivedalone,buthedidn'tfeellonely.It'salonelyvillage.* hard努力地hardly几乎不否认副词* Sheworksveryhard,andhehardlyhasarestonSundays.TheComparative&SuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&Adverbs形容词和副词比拟级和最高级的构成规那么变化单音节词和少数双音节词1一般情况加-er或-estfastfasterfastesthigh-higher-highestclever-cleverer-cleverest2以字母e结尾加i或stfinefinerfinestlateHater-latestnice-nicer-nicest规那么变化单音节词和少数双音节词3重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加或-estfat