专题三、环境保护

1、专题三、环境保护（ 2017·山东莱芜）CHow do you deal with plastic bags from the supermarket? Throw themaway or recycle them? How about eating them?The bags are no harmful to the environment. Humans and animals cansafely eat them. Indian company EnviGreen has made a bag withnaturalmaterials. It looks and feels

2、just like plastic, but can broken down （分解）easily.Ashwath Hedge who set up the EnviGreen company spent four years doing experiments（实验） with 12 natural materials. They include potato, corn,vegetable oil and banana. He made the material into liquid （液体） and used the liquid to make the bag.Although th

3、e EnviGreen bag is more expensive than a common plastic bag, it has many advantages. According to the Wall Street Journal, it takes 1,000 years for common plastic bags to break down. But an EnviGreen bag can naturally break down in less than 180 days.It also breaks down in less than a day in water,

4、and in less than a minute in boiling water. Hedge was happy to show it in his interview, he put an EnviGreen bag in water and ate it with a smile.There are more than 15,000 tons of pla stic waste in India every day. But only 9,000 tons are processed. In China, 3 billion plastic bags are used every d

5、ay. Maybe the EnviGreen bag could be a solution （解决方法） to be world problem of plastic pollution.46. According to paragraph 2, we can know the following EXCEPT _. A. the EnviGreen bag can break down easilyB. the EnviGreen bag is made from natural materialsC. the EnviGreen bag can be eaten by humans a

6、nd animals D. the EnviGreen bag is a little harmful to the environment47. The main idea of the third paragraph is “_ ”.48. The underlined sentence in paragraph 4 shows that the EnviGreen bag _. A. is safe and can break down quicklyB. is useful although it is more expensiveC. looks and feels like a c

7、ommon plastic bagD. will be used more widely than a common bag49. The EnviGreen bag breaks down fastest in _.A. hot airB. cold waterC. boiling waterD. natural air50. From the last paragraph, we can infer( 推断 ) _. A. all of India s plastic waste is processedB. India has the most plastic waste in the

8、world C. China produces more plastic waste than IndiaD. the EnviGreen bag may help solve the problem of plastic pollution 题材： 环境保护【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了 Ashwath Hedge 实验发明了一种人们和动物可以食用的包装袋，这种包装袋对环境不再有危害， 易溶解，特别是在水中溶解得更快。 它虽然比普通塑料包装袋价格贵一点， 但是其优点很多。 这种包装袋可能是解决世界上塑料污染的有效办法。46. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第二段，我们可

9、以了解到下列（信息中）除了_之外。根据第二段第一句“The bags are no harmful to the environment”可知，这种包装袋对环境没有危害。故选项D 说法“ the EnviGreen bag 对环境有点危害”错误。故选D。47. B 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第三段的主要观点是“_”。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍的是Ashwath Hedge 四年来如何实验研究了12 种天然物质，制作出这种环保包装袋的。故选B。48. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：第四段中的画线句子表明the EnviGreen bag_。选项 A.“安全，并且溶解快” ；选项 B.“

10、尽管有点贵，但是很有用” ；选项 C.“看起来、摸起来像普通的塑料袋” ；选项 D“将会比普通塑料袋使用更广泛”。画线句意为“ Hedge 在采访中很开心地展示了他的这项发明，他把这种包装袋放在水里，微笑地吃掉它”。故推断该包装袋安全无毒，人们可以食用，消化溶解快。故选A。49. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为： the EnviGreen bag 在 _ 情况下溶解得最快。根据第四段中的“ It also breaks down in less than a day in water, and in less than a minute inboiling water ”可知，这种包装袋在

11、沸水里溶解得最快，不到一分钟便溶解了。故选C。50. D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从最后一段我们可以推断_。通读最后一段可知，印度每天使用的大量塑料袋只有一多半被特殊处理过，不是全部被处理过；该段并未提到“在世界上印度浪费塑料最多”，印度塑料浪费数量用的是重量单位；中国每天塑料袋的使用量用的是数量单位，二者无法直接比较，故选项A，B 和 C 都错误；由最后一段最后一句 Maybe the EnviGreen bag could be a solution to be world problem of plastic pollution.可知，the EnviGreen bag 可能会 帮

12、助人们解决塑料污染问题。故选D。(2017·浙江衢州 ) DHeritage(遗产 )is traditional customs, culture and beliefs(信仰 ). We use the world “heritage ”in many different ways. People talk about their family heritage, their city sheritage, and theircountry sheritage.Today, heritage is changing. The Internet connects people ar

13、ound the world. In many waysthis is a good thing, because we can learn about the heritage of other countries, and we can show our own heritage to the world. However, some people worry that traditional heritage isdisappearing. Think about it. In many ways, countries are becoming more and more alike(相

14、似的 ).In just about every country around the world, you can find MacDonald s, Nike Shoes, Starbucks coffee, and American movies. Some people think this is a good change, and others don tlike it.You can decide whether or not you think it sa good thing. However, everyone wants to protect their traditio

15、nal heritage, and sometimes this is hard. For example, when a new MacDonald s opens in your town, a traditional restaurant might have to close.This is why heritage protection is so important. Heritage protection is a simple idea. It means keeping your country sor your city sheritage alive. People do

16、 this in many ways. The biggest partof heritage protection is probably preserving( 保护 )old buildings. A few other examples of heritage protection are making sure your children speak your traditional language, and teaching your heritage to children.The world is changing very fast. This change brings

17、a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents.42. The examples in the second paragraph are used to_.A. describe people slove for heritageB. show the importance of heritageC. help people better understand heritageD. ex

18、press the writer sfeeling about heritage43. According to the passage, many countries are becoming_.A. greatB. similarC. largeD. friendly44. Which of the following is part of heritage protection?A. Learning from each otherB. Using the InternetC. Keeping traditional language aliveD. Building new house

19、s45. Which of the following is the writers opinion?A. Heritage is changing a lot nowadays.B. The Internet connects people around the world.C. It is important to remember the heritage of our parents.D. People watch American movies in about every country.题材： 遗产保护【主旨大意】遗产指传统的风俗习惯、文化和信仰。现在世界变化很快，很多国家都变得

20、类似，所以保护当地的特有的、传统的东西变得非常有必要。42. C 推理判断题。第二段所举的例子是世界上许多国家在很多方面已经变得非常类似，作者举这个例子帮助人们更好地理解遗产。故选C。43. B 细节理解题。 由第二段 “ In many ways, countries are becoming more and more alike( 相似的).”一句可知很多国家变得类似了 (similar) 。故选 B。44. C 细节理解题。短文第三段“ A few other examples of heritage protection are making sureyour children sp

21、eak your traditional language ”一句说明确保孩子说他们传统的语言也是一场保护的一部分，和选项 C 所述一致。故选 C。45. C 观点态度题。短文最后一句“it is important to remember the heritage of our parents andour grandparents ”说明记得父母亲的遗产是很重要的，和选项C 所述一致。故选C。(2017 浙·江嘉兴舟山) BAround the world, there are about 7,000 National Parks. Most of them cover huge

22、 areas of land where nobody lives. However, the National Parks in England include placeswhere people live andwork, as well as wild areas where there are few human activities.The National Parks in England are called “ England Breathings Spaces ”because they areplaces where people can go to be in the

23、open air, away from the dirt and noise of cities. They provide wonderful scenes of mountains, woods, grasslands and wetlands. And there are plenty of activities to do in all of the National Parks in England. Visitors can walk or ride bikes for fun. Many of the parks put on activities for families.可知

24、每年A。Every year there are about 110 million visitors to the parks, bringing many benefits(益处) to theareas. At the same time, it creates problems too. First, life can be difficult for local people. Car parks and roads are too crowded. Gift shops and cafes take the place of many everyday shops. Even ho

25、use prices in some areas can become too high. Besides, country roads canbe damaged, for too many people walk, cycle or ride horses on them. Roads can be rebuilt, but then they look less natural. Another big problem to the National Parks is litter.In the parks it is a danger to wild animals. Broken g

26、lass can also cause fires by focusing the rays of the sun. Such fires in wild places can be out of control._?_ All National Parks in England are making more rules, which tell peoplehow to take good care of their environment. If these rules are followed, the National Parkswill be well keptand continu

27、e to give pleasure to many people for a very long time.34.Visitors to the National Parks in England can_.A. give food to wild animalsB. drive cars on the grasslandsC. enjoy fresh air and peaceful timeD. have fun farming with local people35.The third paragraph mainly tells us_.A. the problems of the

28、National ParksB. the pollution caused by visitorsC. the development of the National ParksD. the benefits brought by visitors36.Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?A. What can people getB. How can people helpC. What are the National Parks likeD. How are the

29、 National Parks set up37.The passage is probably taken from the _ part of a magazine.A. transportB. wildlifeC. historyD. geographyB 题材： 环境保护【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了英国国家公园地理位置、生态环境和旅游为英国国家公园带来的好处和弊端，并且相关部门已经制定了规则制度，旨在保护包括英国国家公园在内的所有公园的环境。34. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的away from the dirt and noise of cities可知

30、，英国国家公园是位于一个远离沙尘和城市喧嚣的地方，因此人们到英国国家公园来可以呼吸新鲜的空气和享受平和宁静的时光。故选C。35. A【解析】段落大意题。根据Every year there are about 110 million visitors to the parks,bringing many benefits( 益处 ) to the areas. At the same time, it creates problems too到英国国家公园来旅游的游客人数众多，给公园的环境造成了一定的破坏。故选36. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段文章罗列了游客旅游对英国国家公园的环境造成的

31、问题以及第四段后说制定了相应制度，说明保护英国国家公园的环境需要有得到大家的帮助。故选 B。37. D【解析】推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲了英国国家公园的位置、生态和环境问题，因此文章应该来自于地理杂志。故选D。B (2017? 江苏苏州 )Last summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house a

32、ndyard in the countryside.One day? Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia ， carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city.“ My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and Iknow she misses her gard

33、en now that we don t have a yard,” saidMaria.Mrs. Garcia laughed.“ I ll show you,” she said.Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park,but she took her to the roof (屋顶 ). When the dooropened ，Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on theroof.“ What a wonderful garde

34、n!” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some ofthe people in the buildingasked the owners to turnit into a community garden. The buildingowners liked the idea because the plants notonly helped to keep the air clean, but they alsohelped to kee

35、p the building cooler during warmer weather.“ plantI flowers in my own place,Mrs”. Garcia said, “ butyou would be surprised byhowdifferent the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can dosome of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be

36、creative!”28. Which of the following isNOT the advantage of the community garden?A. It used the empty space well.B. It helped keep the air clean.C. It helped keep the building cooler.D. It made the building stronger.29. After Maria visited the garden, she would most probably ask her mom to _.A. go b

37、ack to the countrysideB. pick flowers from the gardenC. grow vegetables on the roofD. show her around the park30. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Creative LadyB. A Rooftop GardenC. An Empty RoofD. A Special BuildingB 题材： 兴趣与爱好【文章大意】 本文是故事类的记叙文。好处。本文与八上的第四单元的内容介绍了城市的屋顶花园。Do it yourself 相

38、关。同时也提到了该创意的几点28. D 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据文章倒数第二节的第一句话Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for along time the roof was just an empty space 可知 A 正确；根据该段的最后一句话 The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer wea

39、ther 可知 B 与 C 正确；本文没有提到 D。故选 D。29. C 【解析】推理判断题。本文先介绍了Maria 一家去年从乡下搬到城市后，她妈妈非常惦念乡下的小花园，现在她们没有庭院可种蔬菜了。此次，Maria 参观了这个花园后，她最有可能叫她母亲也在屋顶上种蔬菜。故选C。30. B 【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了城市的屋顶花园，因此本文的最佳标题是“屋顶花园”。故选 B。C (2017 ·苏泰州江 )A new rubbish sorting system (垃圾分类系统) has been put into use in FangchengyuanCommunity i

40、n Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes ( 二维码 ) on it.“ When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchangefor small gifts and even some money,” one of the local people told reporters.and encouraging.”This smart system has bee

41、n carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of Chinahas joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example,Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organizations fornot sortingrubbish correctly.China produces quite a lot of r

42、ubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried (填埋 ) in soilor burned withoutbeing sorted. Landfills(填埋场 ) take up a lot of land and have a risk ofpollutingthe soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Throughrubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air p

43、ollution.What s more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits ( 经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper, saving 17trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting syste

44、ms.Japan has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, thewrapper (包装纸 ) and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins. Every year, familiesreceive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They areadvised to foll

45、ow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish binsthe red lid (盖子 ) bin for“ general waste” like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for“ recyclingand the green lid bin for “ greenwaste ”such as grass and leaves. On the

46、streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.41. What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community?A. A computer.B. A car.C. A lot of money.D. Some small gifts.42.Which of t

47、he following is NOT the consequence (后果 ) of burying rubbish?A. Polluting soil.B. Polluting water.C. Taking up a lot of land.D. Saving resources.43.Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.D. Paragraph 6.44.In Australia, which bi

48、n should you put food left after dinner in?A. The red lid bin.B. The yellow lid bin.C. The green lid bin.D. The black lid bin.45. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. In Australia, the green lid bin is used for all kinds of recyclable (可回收的 ) wastes.B. In Japan, all kinds of thing

49、s for recycling are printed on rubbish bins.C. Japanese people cannot throw a bottle into a bin unless they move away the wrapper first.D. Australian people have to obey local timetables and directions to throw away rubbish strictly.“ It s reall” like steel体裁：环境保护【主旨大意】 短文从北京某些社区开始运用智能垃圾分类系统开始，明如何进行

50、垃圾分类，以及垃圾分类对环保的重要性。结合日本和澳大利亚说41.D【解析】 细节理解题。 通过第二段中I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts andeven some money可知垃圾分类当地小区的居民可以得到一些小礼物。故选D。42.D【解析】 细节理解题。 短文中句子 Landfills ( 填埋场 ) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. 可知填埋垃圾占用大量土地、污染土壤和水是填埋垃圾造成的直接后果。故

51、选D 。43.C【解析】段意理解题。段首句子What s more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which couldbring economic benefits ( 经济利益 ).提示第 5 自然段说明的垃圾分类产生的经济利益。故选 C。44. A【解析】 细节理解题。 短文中句子 the red lid ( 盖子 ) bin for“ general waste” like food andplastic bags提示剩饭放在红色盖子的垃圾桶里。故选A 。45.C【解析】综合理解题。 核对各项信息与短文的描述，可知 C 项与短文句子Japan ha

52、s a strictand detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, the wrapper (包装纸) andthe bottl e itself have to go into three different bins.和瓶子分别放到三个垃圾箱里”叙述相符。故选日本人扔一个水瓶子“时，要把瓶盖、包装纸C。D (2017?云南昆明 )Many people are trying to save the earth with special days like "Meat out Day"

53、;, "Earth Day"and "Buy Nothing Day".Meat out Day"Meat out Day" is on March 20th.61Join this day, and you'll get healthier. Also, you canreduce greenhouse gases（减少温室气体）and save the earth.Earth Day62 Many people all over the world try to do something green on this day

54、. In Italy, people don't use plastic bags. In Canada and Norway, people ride bicycles and don't use their cars. In the USA, people dress up like plants and animals and dance in Times Square, New York.Buy Nothing Day"Buy Nothing Day" is usually on the fourth Friday in November.63“ Buy Nothing" means"make no rubbish".64.Do you want to join them?66.根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项， 选项中有两项为多余选项。（共 5 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）A. This is Children's Day.B. When you make less rubbish, you can make a cleaner earth.C. Many people around the world don't e