专题08 语法无忧 句法在手（教师版）-【中考手册】2022年中考英语知识总梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、专题08语法无忧句法在手L、思维导图成分Y并列旬疑r可旬祈使旬【知识梳理】感叹句专题梳理1、感叹句句型【句型一】 What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!What a clever boy he is!（他是个）多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is!（这是个）多么有趣的故事啊!What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!What beautiful flowers they arc!（它们是）多么漂亮的花啊！【批注】在感叹句中,What a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用a

2、n。 用来表示让步，引导让步状语从句的常用从属连词有though. although（虽然.但是.）等。要注意的是，英 语和汉语的连词运用情况不同，汉语常用成对连词，如“虽然.但是."、"因为所以，但在英语中 只使用其中一个，用了 although就不用but,用了 but就不用although.两者不能同时使用。如:He is old and weak, but he works hardHe works hard though he is old and weak.Though he is old and weak, he works hard.10. 比较状语从句用来

3、表示比较，它常省略与主句重复的部分。如:The boy is as tall as his father now.He can't play football as well as he used to.11. 方式状语从句常用连词是asif和as though引导。这两个短语的用法相同，意思是“好像，仿佛"，引导方式状语从句时有 时用虚拟语气，表示可能性很小或不符合实际事实的情况。as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面常接 不定式、分词、形容词和介词短语。如:The Little boy talks as if he were a man.The woman

4、looks here and there as if （she is） looking for something.引导方式状语从句的连词还有the way, as等。如:You'd better change the way you speak to your parents.Man needs air as fish needs water.萨优选提升题1. （2022-上海黄浦,一模）Life on the Earth will become uneasypopulation growth is under control.A.althoughB.becauseC.unlessD

5、.when2. （2022上海青浦一模）My father didnzt buy a new computerhis old one totally broke down.A.untilB.sinceC.afterD.when3. （2022上海虹口一模）You can't cookyou promise not to make a mess in the kitchen.A.afterB.unlessC.ifD.since4. （2022上海虹口一模）If younervous before exams, you can take a deep breath and calmyour

6、self down.A. is gettingB. will getC. getD. got5. （2022-上海浦东新 模）It wonzt be longwe leave our junior middle school.A.becauseB.untilC.beforeD.though6. （2022-上海虹口一模）Our monitor has just gone to the gym, but I don't knowhe will come back.A.how fastB.how farC.how longD.how soon7. （2022上海浦东新一模）Seven to

7、ld me that hewriting the report a week before.A.finishB.finishesC.finishingD.had finished8. （2022-上海浦东新一模）I've heard that Toma visit to his disabled father twice a week.A.paysB.paidC.will payD.has paid9. （2022-上海长宁 模）They are eager to knowthey may keep the book from the new library.A.how longB.h

8、ow fastC.how soonD.how often10. （2022-上海黄浦一模）pity it is that you have missed such a wonderful film!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a11. （2022-上海闵行一模）changeable weather it was in the city last summer!A.HowB.What aC.What anD.What12. （2022上海杨浦一模）amazing car! Is it powered by gasoline or electricity?A.WhatB.Ho

9、wC.What aD.What an13. （2022上海浦东新一模）important tool WeChat is in our daily life today!A.How anB.HowC.What anD.What14. （2022-上海普陀一模）amazing the cake looked! My aunt spent a whole afternoon making it.A. How anB.WhatC.What anD. How15. （2022上海虹口 一模）Don't jump to conclusions,you may make a mistake.A. a

10、ndB.soC.orD. for16. （2022上海闵行一模）Don't be afraid to make mistakes,you'll never really learn the language.A. andB.orC.soD. but17. （2022-上海长宁一模）Go on a diet,you will not lose your weight.A. andB.soC.butD. or18. （2022- E海青浦一模）Let's take a short walk along the road after dinner and enjoy the

11、cool wind,?A. shall weB. will youC. can weD. won't you19. （2022上海青浦 模）一will it be from your new home to your school?About ten minutes' walk.A. How longB. How soonC. How muchD. How far20. （2022-上海浦东新一模）一is Qingpu Middle school from your home?About an hour's drive.A. How longB. How soonC.

12、How farD. How often21. （2022-上海杨浦一模）It was a cold winter's night. Itbut it was very windy.A. isn't rainingB. didn't rainC. doesn't rainD. wasn't raining参考答案1. C【详解】句意：除非人口增长得到控制，否则地球上的生活将变得不安。考查连词辨析。although 虽然;because 因为;unless 除非；when 当.时。population growth is under control”是“Li

13、fe on the Earth will become uneasy”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句，故选C。2. A【详解】句意：直到我父亲的旧电脑完全坏了，他才买了一台新电脑。考查从属连词辨析。until直到；since自从；after在.之后；when当.时候。结合".didn't buy a new computer./和".his old one totally broke down.”可知，此处应表达“直到旧电脑完全坏了才买新电脑”的意 思，“直到.才."用“not.until.”表达。故选 A。3. B【详解】句意：除非你保证不把

14、厨房弄得一团糟，否则你不能做饭。考查连词辨析。after在.之后；unless除非；if如果；since因为。根据句意可知，z/you promise not to make a mess in the kitchen.保证不把厨房弄得一团糟”是“做饭的"否定条件，所以空处用unless引导条件状 语从句。故选Bo4. C【详解】句意：如果你在考试前感到紧张，你可以深呼吸，让自己冷静下来。考查条件状语从句中的时态。分析句子可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循"主情从现”，主句中的 can为情态动词，从句要用一般现在时。故选C。5. C【详解】句意：不久我们就会离开我们的

15、初中。考查连词辨析。because 因为；until 直到；before 在之前；though 尽管。根据“It won't be long. we leaveour junior middle school”可知，此处是用“It is+段时间+before+从句"表示“做某事之前，还有多长时间”, 故选C。6. D【详解】句意：我们班长刚去体育馆了，但我不知道他多久会回来。考查疑问短语。how fast多快，主要对速度提问；how far多远，主要用于对距离的提问；how long多长时 间，用于对一段时间提问；how soon多久之后，一般用于将来时态。根据题干"

16、;he will come back."可知句 子时态是一般将来时，故选D。7. D【详解】句意：Steven告诉我他一周前就写完了报告。考查过去完成时。finish"完成”，根据“a week before”可知，从句时态用现在完成时，由宾语从句时态遵循“主过从过”原则可知，从句应该用过去的某种时态，所以空缺处应该用过去完成时，构成：主语+had+动词 过去分词，故选D。8. A【详解】句意：我听说，Tom每周去探望他残疾的父亲两次。考查一般现在时。本题that引导宾语从句，由于主句的时态为现在完成时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的影 响又因为从句中有标志词"twic

17、e a week”，强调习惯性、经常性，故用一般现在时。故选A。9. A【详解】 句意：他们急于知道这本书能从新的图书馆借多久。考查宾语从句。how long 久：howfast多快：how soon多久以后；how often 久-次。根据“they may keep the book from the new library可知，想知道可以借多久的书,故选A。10. B【详解】句意：你错过了这么好的电影，真可惜！考查感叹句。此处为感叹句，结构为what+a/an+adj.+名词单数+主语+谓语！此处pity表示"遗憾的事，使用单数形式，pity前需要加不定冠词a,此处形容词可以省

18、略。故选B<,11. D【详解】句意：去年夏天这个城市的天气是多么多变啊！考查what感叹句。what感叹句结构：what+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语。weather是不 可数名词，故选D。12. D【详解】句意：多么神奇的车啊！它是由汽油还是电力驱动的呢？考查感叹句。what是引导感叹名词的感叹句，how是引导感叹形容词或副词的感叹句，car“汽车”，是名词 的单数，用what,其结构是what+a/an+形容词+名词单数，amazing"惊奇的，首字母的发音音素是元音音 素用不定冠词an,故选D。13. C【详解】句意：微信在我们当今的日常生活中是多么重要

19、的工具啊！考查感叹句。感叹句结构为"What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语''或How+形容词+a/an+可数名词 单数+主语+谓语”。此句中的tool前有形容词important,因此用what引导感叹句；important是以元音音 素开头，因此冠词用an。故选C。14. D【详解】句意：蛋糕看起来多棒啊！我阿姨花了整整一个下午做的。考查感叹句用法。what感叹句结构：what+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语或what+adj+不可数名词/可 数名词复数+主语+谓语；how感叹句结构：how+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语或

20、how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。分析句子结构可知符合how感叹句第二个结构，故选D。15. C【详解】句意：不要妄下结论，否则你可能会犯错误。考查连词辨析。and 和；so 因此；or 否则;for 因为。根据“Don't jump to conclusions,. you may make amistake.”可知，此句是“祈使句+and/or+简单句”的结构，前文是后文的否定条件，用or表示“否则”，故选Co16. B【详解】句意：不要害怕犯错误，否则你永远不会真正学会这门语言。考查连词辨析。and并且；or否则；so所以；but但是，根据句型“祈使句，and/or+一般将

21、来时的句子”可知，排除C和D,由祈使句和后面的句子是转折关系，所以用or,排除A,故选B。17. D【详解】句意：节食吧，否则你的体重就不会减轻。考查连词辨析。and 然后;so 因此；but 但是；or 否则。根据Z/Go on a diet.you will not lose your weight/7 nf知，此句为"祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，此处应用。r,表示否则体重不会减轻。故选D。18. A【详解】句意：晚饭后我们沿着这条路走一会儿吧，享受一下凉爽的风，好吗？考查反意疑问句。陈述部分是一个肯定的祈使句，以Let's开头，疑问部分用shall weo故选

22、A。19. D【详解】句意：一一从你的新家到学校有多远？ 一一步行大约十分钟。考查特殊疑问词辨析。how long多长时间；how soon多久以后；how much多少；how far多远。根据答语 可知，应是问从你的新家到学校有多远。故选D。20. C【详解】 句意：一一从你家到青浦中学多远？ 一一大约一个小时的车程。考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间：How soon多久；How far多远；How often多久次，根据答句的“About an hour's drive”可知,空缺处问的是距离，所以用how far,故选C。21. D【详解】句意：那是一个寒冷的冬夜。虽然

23、没有下雨，但风很大。考查动词时态。根据前句"It was a cold winter's night.”和空后句"but it was very windy.w的语境可知，空处表示 过去的某个动作没有正在进行，故应用过去进行时的否定形式，构成形式为：wasnzt/werenzt doing；主语 是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用wasn't, rain的现在分词是raining。故选D。what是用来修饰复数nJ数名词和不可数名词。但有些丕可.数名诃上如.rain.,.surprise brcakfast,Junch.等,当前画有形.容词修饰.，使地象.名词

24、具体化时上.则要川.who技迎，如:What a heavy rain it is!多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is!这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is!多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！【句型二】How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How well you look!你气色真好！How kind you arc!你心肠真好！How beautifully you sing!你唱得真好听!Strawberries! How nice!草莓!多好呀!How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊!How fast he

25、 runs!他胞得多么快啊！（1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few,遇此情况要用how,即使它们 后面跟有名词：How many books he has! 他的书真多！How much money he gave her!他给 了她好多钱呀！How little money I have!我的钱多么少呀！How few friends he has!他的朋友真少！比较：What a little box it is!多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）（2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：How fast!多快呀！How nice!多好呀！

26、How beautiful!多美呀！How nice of you to come!你来了 真好！2、感叹句巧解方法（1）一找二断三辨四确定：“一找”即先找出句中的主语。"二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。"三辩"即是断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性。“四确定”即确定是选用how还是whato3、感叹句的特殊用法：1）感叹句如何变为间接引语直接引语是感叹句时，若要变作间接引语，通常用引述动词tell exclaim等。如：“What a brave boy you are!” she told him."你是一个多么勇敢的男孩

27、子啊!"她告诉他说。She told him what a brave boy he was.她告诉他说他是一，个多么勇敢的男孩子。He said, Hurrah! My friend is come/ 他说道,“乌拉!我的朋友来了。"->He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come.他欢呼他的朋友来了。（引述动词用 exclaim,并加状语 with delight）2）感叹句后接附加疑问句感叹句之后有时可接附加疑问句，如：How odd, isn't it?多怪，是不是?What a magnific

28、ent building, isn't it?多么雄伟的建筑,对不对！How nice, isn't it?多好呀，不是吗！What a bad cough he has, doesnzt he?他咳得好历害，是不是?How exciting the game is, isn't it?好刺激的比赛啊，不是吗?【知识梳理】反义疑问句专题梳理I. 基本用法1. 基本结构：I前否后肯，前肯后否I。2. 当陈述句中含有be动词，助动词，或是情态动词时，反义疑问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成。be 动词包括：am, is, are, was, were助动词有：do, do

29、es, did, have/has (现在完成时中)情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should注意：have/has/had只有在现在完成时，过去完成时，had better情况下可直接用于反义疑问句 中，其他一律用do/does/did.3. 当陈述句中只含有行为动词时， 若动词加了 s,就用does; 若动词为原形，就用do, 若动词为过去式，则用did;II. 高频考点1. 陈述部分为There (Here) + be +主语时，问句部分用动词+ there (here)?形式。2. 反义疑问句的陈述部分带

30、有 little, few, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, nobody, nothing, barely, scarcely 等否定 意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：3. 陈述部分为祈使句1) 若为let's引导，反问句用shall we?2) 若为let us引导和其余的任何一般的否定祈使句,都用will youo3) 般的肯定祈使句则用will you或won't you都行。III. 反义疑问句的回答遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。【知识梳理】情景交际专题梳理1. A: Sorry.B: That&

31、#39;s ok/That's all rightNot at allNever mindIt doesn't matter2. A: Thank you.B: That's ok/That's all rightNot at allYou are welcomeIt's my pleasure3. A: Would you mind.?B:Not系列Certainly notSure notOf couse notNot at all永远不选never mind4. A: Can you do me a favor?B: With pleauseA:

32、Thank youB: It's my pleause.5. A: Would you like me to.?Would you like some tea?(主动帮忙)B: Yes, please.No, thanks.6. A: Would you to join us?(邀请某人做某事)B: Yes, l'd(like/love to).No, I wouldn't (like/love to).7. That's all right.®关系：不客气All right.好的8. A: May I.?B: Go ahead.Here you ar

33、e.Of course you can.Sorry, you can't9. A: I have a complaint about.?B: What's your trouble?What's the matter?10. A: Jossie, don't be later ?B: I won't【知识梳理】宾语从句专题梳理一、（知识点名称）宾语从句概念【知识梳理】宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾 语从句。宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一

34、个连接词引导。二、（知识点名称）宾语从句引导词1. 陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。在主句为动词be加 某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid * glad等）作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也算是宾语从句2. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为"是否。3. 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导（what, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, how, why）。三、（知识点名称）宾语从句的语序-必须是陈述语序句子的两种语序：1.

35、 陈述句结构叫陈述语序There is a shop near here.2. 疑问句结构叫疑问语序Is there a shop near here?宾语从句必须用陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whetlier改为陈述语序I can't remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语He asked who was our English teacher.四、（知识点名称）宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应【知识梳理】1.主句是一般现在时，从

36、句可以用任何时态，我们可以根据句了的需要使用任何i种时态：（需 要性原则）2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和 从句的相互一致；（呼应性原则）3. 当宾语从句说明的客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制, 仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时i般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时【知识梳理】状语从句专题梳理1. 状语从句的概念状语从句在复合句中用作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句与宾语从

37、句不同的是：宾语从句只能跟在及物动词或部分介词的后面，而绝大部分状语从句的位置 很活跃一一既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。当状语从句在主句前面时，主从句之间用晅号 断开。2. 状语从句的分类状语从句通常可以分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等九类。时间：when, while、as、as soon as> until > since by the time地点：where、wherever、no matter where、anywhere条件：if、unless原因：becausenow that、since、as目的：so that、in ord

38、er that结果：so.that、such.that让步:(al)though比较：as.as、not so (as).as、than方式：as.as if.a.s though3. 时间状语从句用于表达时间。注意下列例句的意思及前后时态的一致性：when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday.I got angry when I heard the news.She wants to be a teacher when she grows up.while: My father was cooking while my mo

39、ther was reading last night.before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night.after: After I (had) turned off the lights, I went to bed last night.as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell rang.since: I have live

40、d here since I was bornuntil: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4. 地点状语从句般由where, wherever和everywhere引导。地点状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。如: Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed turn地点状语从句可以有省略的表达方式。如:Put in an article where