非谓语动词学案 答案

1、语法复习专题七非谓语动词一、 非谓语动词的分类非 谓 语 不定式 (to do)as n. 动名词v-ing as adj. or adv. 现在分词v-ed 过去分词二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态1、句法功能种类 在句中的作用 不定式 to do 主语宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语  动名词 doing 主语宾语 表语 定语     分词 现在分词doing   表语  定语&#

2、160; 状语  补语 过去分词 done2、时态、语态 形式类别时态形式时态概念主动式被动式to do 一般式谓语动作之后to doto be done完成式谓语动作之前to have doneto have been done进行式与谓语动作同时发生to be doing×doing一般式与谓语动作几乎同时doingbeing done完成式谓语动作之前having donehaving been donedone 发生了、完成了 done三、非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的

3、情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。1. Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking wi

4、th my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)四、非谓语动词的用法 非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义 Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行 Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质 Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成 We see fallen leaves

5、 on the ground. 完成 Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态 We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来 We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的表达意义：动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质；动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态；to do：将来, 目的。1、v-ing作非谓语动词（1）作主语Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular

6、. Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。_2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。_（2）作宾语Eg: I couldnt help crying when I heard the bad news. mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, cant help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。 在表示“需要” 的need, want和requ

7、ire等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired.Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1）你介意独处吗？_2）他没有马上把消息告诉她。_3）这种食物要煮过才能吃。_（3）作表语Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting.Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1）这个问题真的很令人困惑。_2）他的话很让人失望。_（4）作定语Eg: China is a developing

8、country. The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。如：a flying object2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如: an object flying in the air 如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。    如：the tall&#

9、160;building being built now  正在被建的高楼 Ex. 5: 请用v-ing作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文。1）这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。_2) 在一中学习的学生数量大约为8000人。_3) 这是一部让人感动的电影。_（5）v-ing作状语1） v-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作等。 表时间Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw s

10、ome children playing football.(When) hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing. 表原因Eg: Being poor, he couldnt go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him. 表方式或伴随Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.He sat there, reading a boo

11、k.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 表结果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street. 表条件Eg: Using your head, youll find a good way.Working hard, youll surely succ

12、eed.2）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having doneEg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空。1) _ (not know) much French, they couldnt make themselves understood when they were in Paris.2) _ (finish) all work, they went home.3) Sarah pretended to be cheerf

13、ul, _ (say) nothing about the argument.4) _ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.5) _ (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.6) It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.（6）v-ing作宾补 have, leave, kee

14、p, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等动词及with介词后可用v-ing形式作宾补。Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now? With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.2、v-ed作非谓语动词(1) 作表语Eg: We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning. She felt confused, and ev

15、en frightened.Ex. 7: 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。1) Im _ (satisfy) with your answer.2) He is not_ (interest) in research.(2) 作定语Eg: She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food 熟食；成品 a written report 书面报告；报告书 fried eggs 煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 boiled water 开水；白开水 frozen food 速冻食品 armed fo

16、rces武装部队；武装力量 required courses 必修课 fallen leaves 落叶 finished products 成品 a forced smile 苦笑Ex. 8: 用括号内词的适当形式填空。1) Whats the language_ (speak) in that country?2) Theyre problems_ (leave) over by history.3) The play_ (put on) by the teachers was a big success.4) Is there anybody_ (injury)?(3) 作状语Eg: Se

17、en from the hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children. Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1) _ (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.2) _ (depress), he went to see his elder sister.3) When _(treat) with kindness, he was very amiable.(4) 作宾补1） 在感官动词后面做宾补常用的感官动词包括：

18、see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find 等。Eg: I can smell something burnt.2）在使役动词后面做宾补常用的使役动词有：have, get, make, leave等。Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday.3） 在with/ without结构中Eg：With so much work unfinished, I cant leave now.4）在某些动词之后，相当于省略了to be。 常见的动词

19、有：want, would like, prefer等。Eg: The manager wanted the work (to be) finished by 3:00Ex. 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。1) I will have the clothes _ (wash) tomorrow.2) When they get back home, they found the room _ (rob).3) He would like the water _ (boil) before drinking.4) I saw a boy _ (knock) d

20、own by a car just now.5) He shouted to make himself _ (hear).6) Without enough money _ (leave), he cant go on with his experiment.3、to do作非谓语动词(1) 不定式作补语 动词+宾语+不定式的结构adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/ loveorderpermitmakelethavewa

21、ntgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurgeEg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.The officer ordered his men to fire. 注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。(2) 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。Eg: It's so nice to hear your voice. It's nece

22、ssary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. It's for sb.和 It's of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。Eg: It's very hard for

23、him to study two languages. 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Eg: It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。(3) 不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。 Eg: My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor.(4) 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往

24、表示未发生的动作。 Eg: I have a lot of work to do. There was nothing to bring home that morning. (5) 不定式作状语 1）目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do (仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so (such) as to (如此以便)。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come here only to say good-bye to you.2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结

25、果，不定式要放在句子后面。 Eg: I awoke to find my truck gone. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3）表原因Eg: I'm glad to see you. She wept to see the sight. 4）表示理由和条件Eg: He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully. (6) 省去to 的动词不定式 1） 情态动词（除ought外）后。2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词

26、see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。 I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather, had better句型后4） Why dont you . /Why not . 句型后Why not try once more?

27、 何不再试一下?5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, 如：help sb (to) do sth.6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。 Eg: He is supposed (

28、to be) nice.(7) 不定式的特殊句型too to too to 太以至于 Eg: He is too excited to speak. (8) 不定式的特殊句型so as to 否定式是so as not to doEg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 五、v-ing 和v-ed的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分  时态 语态 v-ing 进行时主动  

29、;v-ed 过去 被动1、 作定语a developed country / a developing countrya student playing with knifepeople fighting against warsa soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow v-ing 表示动作正在进行或者是主动关系。v-ed表示已经发生的或者被动关系。2、 作状语Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town. Hearing the good news, we al

30、l jumped up with joy.Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.Given more time, we could finish the job. v-ing用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成主动关系。v-ed用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成被动关系。3、 作宾补They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming and going.Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 rep

31、aired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just cant make myself understood by the foreigner. v-ing用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事。v-ed用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况。六、非谓语动词的结题步骤（三大步骤）1. 判断用谓语/非谓语谓语：一般形式 (根据一般的时态、语态变化)非谓语：doing/ done/ to do2. 找出逻辑主语3. 选择非谓语动词的形式(表达意义

32、)：v-ing, v-ed, to do Step 1是否使用非谓语Ex. 11: 先判断一下句子是否有非谓语动词，再用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1）_ ( study) hard, you will pass the final exam.2) She got off the bus and _ (head) for home.3) I think I _ (be) not strict enough with you.4) Look! The girl _ (sing) is Alice and the one who_ (dance) is Mary. 小结：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动

33、词, 没有从句，又没有连词的情况，那就要非谓语动词。Ex. 12：用turn的正确形式填空。1）If you _ to the left, you'll find the post office. 2）_ to the left, and you'll find the post office.3) _ to the left, you'll find the post office. Step 2 找逻辑主语Ex. 13: 观察以下句子，然后填空。1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.2) Taken good care of

34、, the trees will grow up quickly.3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是_，它们的逻辑主语是_。4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school . 5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.6) Im calling to ask about the position advertised in China

35、Daily. 以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是_，它们的逻辑主语是_。7) I found them painting the windows. 8) I found the windows painted. 9) With his friend helping him，he finished his work quickly.以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是_，它们的逻辑主语是_。 Step 3 选择非谓语动词的形式Ex. 14：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空。1） They went to Shanghai, with their son _ (leave) to his grandp

36、arents.2） They are busy, _ (prepare) files wanted in the interview.七、独立主格结构l 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格结构的功能和用法（1）名词/代词+现在分词 Eg: Winter coming, it gets

37、 colder and colder. The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）名词/代词+过去分词 Eg: This done, we went home.Homework finished, the boy went out to play.（3）名词/代词+不定式 Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. The two boys said goodbye to each other

38、, one to go home, the other to go to his friends. （4）名词/代词+形容词Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. （5）名词(代词)+副词Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. The lights off, we could not go on with the work

39、. （6）名词/代词+介词短语Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 小结：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Ex. 15: 选择合适的选项。（1）Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C.

40、which D. that （2）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that （3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that 非谓语动词综合练习一、语篇练习 My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finis

41、hed 1_ (tuck) their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 _ (come) from the childrens room. 3 _ (rush) in, they found Tommy 4 _ (cry) hysterically (歇斯底里地). He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5 _ (talk) could change his mind. Try

42、ing to calm him, Chris palmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 6 _ (remove) it from Tommys ear. Tommy, naturally, was 7 _ (delight). In a flash, he snatched it from his fathers hand, 8 _ it and demanded cheerfully“Do it again, Dad!”二、写作运用把普通的句子变成高级的非谓语。1He is standing t

43、here and he is singing. He is standing there, _.2Mary finished her homework and then she went out to play. _, Mary went out to play.3The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students. The teacher entered the classroom, _.4Im afraid of being laughed at. I usually keep sile

44、nt when I meet foreigners. （请用非谓语动词的形式，把以上两个句子合并为一个句子）_三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空1. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote and poor village. （2007年广东）2. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a

45、 small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. （2007年广东）3. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009年广东）4. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful. （2010年广东）5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed

46、a man_ (sit) at the front. （2011年广东）6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. （2012年广东）7. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年广东)8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _ (think)

47、 that it was only small and not very important. （2013年广东）9. _ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 10. I really appreciate _ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island. 11. _ (knock) at the door before entering, please. 12. Sandy could do nothin

48、g but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up) some schools for poor children. 14. _ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 15. In order to gain a bigger share in

49、the international market, many staterun companies are striving _ (make) their products more competitive. 16. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour. 17. When _ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year. 18. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle)

50、, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. 19. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains _ (see) whether they will enjoy it. 20. Prices of daily goods _ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. 21. Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend

51、_ (wait) there. 22. The manager, _ (know) his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. 23. Mr. Smith, _ (tired) of the _ (bore) speech, started to read a novel. 24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen. 25. The teacher asked us _ (not make) so much noise. 26. _ (give) time, hell make a firstclass tennis player. 27. He looked around and caught a man _ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 28. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _