手稿直播课2月4日详细笔记

1、何实战长难句阅读四步法之： 需要 成句的六大元素： 1.从句课 2 月 4 日详细笔记成句找准切分点！（原则就是：保证切分出来的句子是主干完整的句子。）（1）（2）前;还要找指代；有时还要调整后（但实际上前后都可以，反正的位置。不需要做主语）副(I have a dream/ that /one day this nation will rise up.I love this girl /who=girlis pretty.2.现在分词短语：主动（前世就是一个句子，今生成了短语）3.过去分词短语：（前世就是一个句子，今生成了短语）以上两种情况都需要：确定基本规律描述：成句之后的主语！（1）现在

2、分词短语和过去分词短语做状语时， 常就是句子的主语； PS：有的时候是前面的整个句子充当主语；成句后的主语通has built an island fortress on a disputed reef, raisingconcerns1）has built an island fortress on a disputed reef2）This raises concerns中国在有争议的珊瑚礁上建造了一座岛屿，（这）们的关注了人（2）现在分词短语和过去分词短语做定语时，成句后的主语通常就是其修饰的那个名词；Note:过去分词成句之后就要变成具体范例：语态。例 1：Introduced to

3、help enforce price controls in the fuel-hungry 1970s, Americas ban on crude-oil exports was all but forgotten when the economy boomed and imports soared.1）Americas ban on crude-oil exports was introduced to help enforce price controls in the fuel-hungry 1970s美国对于原油出口的限制在能源短缺的 1970 年代被制定（introduce）出来

4、了，目的是为了帮助实施价格（但是），。2）Americas ban on crude-oil exports was all but forgotten when the economyboomed and imports soared.（all but=）当繁荣，进口飞涨的时候，这项禁令就确实被人们遗忘了。译文： 美国在能源短缺的 1970 年代限制原油出口，以便价格；但是，当繁荣，进口飞涨的时候，人们确实忘记了这项禁令。（不需要你翻译成这样，看看就好了.）例 2： 1（Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right）, an

5、d 2（seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and airtravel,）3 information protection is now high on the bosss agenda in businesses of every variety.1. Information protection is Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right,odd staff 临时工信息保护直到现在都被留给那些临时的，低级别

6、的 IT 员工来确保正确；2. Information protection is seen as a concern only of data-richindustries such as banking, telecoms and air travel,信息保护被仅仅当作是数据丰富的产业关心的业，电信业和航空业；（但是）3. Information protection is now high on the businesses of every variety.，比如，bosss agenda in信息保护现在已经成为各个行业们重视的。译文： 信息保护直到现在都被留给那些临时的，低级别的

7、 IT 员工来进行维护，而且也仅仅被当作是数据丰富的产业所关心的，比如，业，电信业和航空业；但现在，各个行业。都很重视这个例3： 原文：Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”译文：研究者认为情绪调节器的一部分，在大脑下线的时候，梦调节情绪。1.1. Now researchers suspect that=believe1.2. dreams are part of the mind

8、s emotional thermostat (调节器) 1.3.regulating moods？ regulate moods.Dreams regulate moods.1.4. while the brain is “off-line.”选项： Researchers have come to believe that dreams are susceptible to emotional changes.2.1 Researchers have come to believe that2.2 dreams are susceptible to emotional changes. 1

9、.1=2.1Suspect doubt ?Suspect +名词=不认为 =怀疑Doubt +名词 =不认为=怀疑I doubt your honesty.I suspect your honesty. Suspect +句子= 认为=believeDoubt+ 句子=不认为=dont believe 2.2 不等于 1.3A is susceptible to B;A 容易受到 B 的影响或者；PS: susceptible 的用法：1. A is susceptible to B= A is vulnerable to B. A 容易受到 B 的影响2. A is susceptible

10、to doing sth= A is likely to do sth.=A is prone to do sth. A 有做某事的倾向3. A is susceptible =A is sensitive.A 很敏感例 4：People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” /launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.1. People are absorbed into

11、“a culture of consumption”人们被吸引到了一种消费中。2. （“a culture of consumption” was） launched by the 19th-century department stores（ 这里就是 launched by 就是充当定语）这种消费是被 19 世纪的消费发起的。3.the 19th-century department stores offered vast arrays of goodsin an elegant atmosphere.19 世纪的百货商店在一种优雅的氛围中提供了各色商品译文：人们被吸引到了一种由 19 世

12、纪的百货商店所发起的消费中，19 世纪的百货商店在一种优雅的氛围中提供了各色商品.： The department stores of the 19th century owed its emergence（出现） to the culture of consumption.A owed its emergence to B(所以这个选项和原文的表述反了，所以是不对的。)A 将的出现归因于 B写作例句： Theeconomy partly owed its booming tothe widespread of Internet technology.中国的繁荣部分是因为技术的普及。例 5.

13、Americas jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment - the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.1） Americas jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment.estimatesnatural rate of

14、 unemployment 2） - the rate=This is the rate.Americas jobless rate（低） natural rate of unemployment (低)所以 this 指代谁都是可以的。（特别说明：指代很多时候不是唯一的，但是很多时候又是成歧义的，所以也就无所谓了 。比如今天有同学就问到：Life is the flower for which love is the honey切分：1) Life is the flower2) for which love is the honey.其中which 既可以指代 flower 也可指代 li

15、fe;因为life is the flower 啊!译文：生命是花朵，爱情是生命之蜜；）natural rate of unemployment is the rate.3）below which inflation has taken off in the past.造Below the natural rate of unemployment, inflation has taken off in thepast.Inflation has taken off in the past (果) below the natural rate of unemployment（ 因）.= An e

16、xtremely low jobless rate （选项正确） After you are rich(因), I will marry you.（国）（介词短语可以表示）译文：美国失业率在 8 月的时候是 5.6%， 这已经低于（大多数人）评估的自然失业率。当（失业率）低于自然失业率的时候通货膨胀就会飞涨。例 6：Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflec

17、t, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor ofmore conventional thinkers who work well with the team.1. if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to thescientist as the writing of his papers would appear to r

18、eflect条件=1.1 regularity（规范性） and conformity（一致性）( to a standard pattern)/ are desirable（想要） to the scientist1.2as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect主语：the writing of his papers谓语：would appear to reflect (及物动词) As + 非完整句！+ 定语从句As =这里就不是as as 结构！the writing of his papers would appear to

19、 reflect regularity and conformity to a standard pattern2. Nor is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls"among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.Management is not to be blamed / for discriminating against the "odd

20、 balls"among researchers /in favor of more conventional thinkers /who work well with the team. (in favor of = favoring = be in favor of)2.1 Management discriminates against the "odd balls" among researchers.2.2 Management is in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with th

21、e team.（有同学问为什么我知道是management 是主语而不是researcher,这就是语言的难点，语法无法解释，只能靠语境和语言习惯）For2.3 Management is not to be blamed.，1 If +译文：如果科学家的写作反应了对于标准化模板的遵从和认同，（而且）这种遵从和认同又正是（as）科学家所渴望和愿意（desirable）的，那么（我们）就不应该指责管理层“研究者中的怪咖（思维与众不同的人）而更喜欢团队合作的传统的思考者”了。我之前写过的一个讲解，有空就看，没空拉倒：）Nor, if regularity and conformity to a s

22、tandard pattern are as desirable to the scientistas the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor ofmore conventional thinkers who work well with the team.主干识别：Nor is management to be blam

23、ed倒装还原：Management is nor to be blamed.但是 nor 是不能直接放到 is 后面的，这个时候 nor 需要变为 not； 所以主干就是：Management is not to be blamed.其他成分： 状语从句：if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist asthe writing of his papers would appear to reflect这个句子的难点就在于两个 as;大家很容易的认为这就是asas的同级比较

24、结构。我上次都给出解释了说这不是同级比较结构，还有一大波人过来质问我为什么不是？好吧，我再仔细的分析一次，谁让我是谁让我自诩为体贴呢。同级比较是这样的：He is as tall as his father.同级比较中的第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是介词。还有一种同级比较：He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.空调呢？这里第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是的句子。因为 He sounded on the phone 是完整而这里的第一个 as 是副词，而第二个 as 是！（我讲定语从句的时候讲过的）为什么我知道是？因为：the wri

25、ting of his papers would appear to reflect 这个句子中的reflect 是及物动词需要有宾语，这里没有宾语，只能由 as 充当；（as 既可以引导非限定性定语从句也可以引导限定性定语从句！你没见过不代表不可以！再者，你管他什么从句，切开就好了！）那么 as 既然是，该指代谁？有可能是 scientist 也可能是 regularity and conformity to a standard pattern；但是根据语境知道应该是后者。（你也可以固执的认为是科学家，但是不通顺啊！）这样这个句子就可以切分还原为两个句子：1. The writing of his papers would appear to reflect regularity and conformity to a standard pattern.2. Regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist.（有同学问前面为什么不加 The，零冠词的时候多得是，你不要尝试着都搞懂，冠词用法能写篇博士了，你还真把当语法家了啊！他怎么写，你就怎么看，别当好奇宝宝！又不影响你的理解，不影响你做题！）这里第一个 as 是一个副词，表示“正如”或者就是表示一种