研读阅读理解掌握阅读技巧

1、研读阅读理解 掌握阅读技巧、研读阅读理解局部要求考生能包括记叙、 描写、 说明及议论 解决问题的能力。 阅读理解考察的2005 年 XX 卷“阅读理解局一读考试说明， 使学生明确高考对阅读理解的考察要求。够读懂符合高中生认知理解特点的各类体裁的简短文字材料，等主要文体， 以到达检测学生实际运用语言和获取信息、 主要容为：1、理解主旨大意2、理解文中具体信息3、根据上下文推测生词的词义4、做出简单的推理判断5、理解文章的根本构造6、弄清作者的写作意图和态度二读 05 年高考卷分析，把握阅读理解局部的出题趋势。部总阅读量为 2211 词，阅读文章中的信息量有所增长，题目简洁，选材新颖、别具匠心，

2、除学生熟悉的主题外， 在新知识介绍及文学生深层理解方面比以往也更进一步， 保持了对考 生阅读理解能力考察的较高要求。 五篇文章的体裁涵盖了新闻报道、 儿童文学、 科普简介及 哲理小品等。短文的主题分别为：A :生活常识一一互联网拍卖系统的简单操作方式B:社会问题一一父母必须以身作那么帮助青少年减肥C:文学作品一一青少年探求未知事物的心理活动D :科技信息一一通过对南极冰层的研究提醒冰河期规律E:认知知识一一灵感与知识积累在创新活动中的作用“知己知彼，百战不殆。让学生了解高考阅读理解题的命题方法，至少具有双重意 义: 1训练中有的放矢，答题时心里有底；2克制心理干扰，纠正不良习惯。通过指导学生研

3、读考试说明， 学生明确了高考要求、 出题方向， 增强了对提高阅读理解局部的得分 信心。二、归纳、分析高考英语阅读理解题型的分值要占高考英语总分的 40/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大 的一道题， 在阅读理解上是否得高分，是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键。 在复习中， 我针 对高考英语阅读理解考察要求，帮助学生归纳并熟悉常见题型，掌握解题策略和技巧。下面我就两个题型作具体分析:主旨大意题:1、归纳题型在高考阅读理解中， 主题概括类试题的考察占有十分重要的位置。 是阅读理解题常考的 题型之一，每年都有 13个小题。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是？英语课程标准？和？考试说明 ?对考生的根本要求之一。只

4、有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而 根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。主题概括题主要考察学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践， 我们可以分析出阅读理解主题概括类题目的一般围是:根本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的根底上能较好地运用概括、 判断、归纳、推理等逻辑 思维的方法，对文章进展高度的概括或总结，属于高层次题。拟题大致有以下一些提问方式:The text is mainly about .The main idea The general idea The main purpose is .What ' s t

5、he main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragar ph?What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of .What is the topic of the text?The writer ' s purpose in writing this story is .The subject discussed in this text is .What does the

6、second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with .Which of the following best summarizes the passage？从以上具体的提问形式可知此类题目可概括为两大类， 即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中 心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的文章标题。2、分析解题技巧：要做好这类题要求学生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木 , 更看到森林；要跳 出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。1. 文章主旨给出的四种形式：文首，文中，文尾，没有明确主旨，需总结。2. 主旨题的解题技巧 *不管它出现在文章

7、的什么位置，都作为最后一道题去做，因为做完其他题以后会对主 旨的理解有帮助* 着重理解首末段，首末句 ：例 2004 高考试题阅读 C 篇主题分析 文章第一句 We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. 即点明文章的主题句：从正反两方面讨论考试作为 一种

8、升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。所以第85题答案为B “考试与公平。*主旨在文章中间的情况 (非文首文尾 )，遇到文章前后段意思转折，提高警觉3. 主旨题的考前须知：*段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨* 提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示： therefore, thus, but, however, in short 等等4. 选项特点： 正确选项特点：不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词 干扰项特点：细节信息明显；过于笼统例5. 如何选择文章的标题呢？* 要在阅读原文的根底上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与

9、文章主题是否有密切的联系；* 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；* 要注意题目是过大还是过小；*要防止以下三种错误：概括不够多表现为局部代整体，从而导致围太小；过 度概括多表现为人为扩大围；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。要恰当地选好标题， 还需要了解标题的根本拟定方式。一般来说， 标题的拟定方式是： 以话题为核心， 将控制性 概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。比方某一文章的中心句子为： Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 话题： Coffee控

10、制性概念： is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 标题： Coffee Around the World3、高考例题分析：AEveryone ' s at it , even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who had n't done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at on li ne aucti on

11、 网上扌白卖）.Buying for beginners: Sign up on . ehay. co. uk. Most items （ e. g. tables, puters, and books） ready for auction will e with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.If the item is being auctioned, you offer

12、the. highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids （出价'） for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an email telling you w

13、hether you have won the item.How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card信

14、用）.Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starring on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It' s easy to post

15、 a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.36. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to make payment online.B. Ways of making delivery onlineC. Advantages of an online-auction system.D. How to us

16、e an online-auction system. 分析：此题考察考生对文章主旨要义的理解能力。四个选项均涉及到有关短文容， 但是通过比拟其核心概念， 会发现 A 选项为“支付 首段，B选项为“交货方式， C选项为“系统优势，D选项为“使用方法。由此 可见 A、B、C 三个选项都只涉及了短文局部容，不具备概括全篇的作用。D 选项包含所有容，能够全面概括出短文的主旨要义。 C 选项由于说话方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的 干扰。答案为 D.附：公开课教案：阅读专题 课件展示： 教学目的：学习并掌握阅读理解中主旨题的解题方法 教学重点、难点：主旨题的解题技巧 教学方法：归纳、分析、精练教学过程

17、：1导入 ：阅读在高考中的重要性2分析 ：近几年高考阅读理解主旨大意题 :2002 年59题,63题,71 题2003 年59题,67题,75 题2004年58题,59题,75 题2005 年36题,51题,3. 归纳：主旨大意题的常见的提问形式 ：1) What does the writer main ly tell us?2) Which of the following can summarize the main idea ofthis text?3) Which of the followi ng best expresses the mai n idea?4) Which is

18、the subject discussed in the text?(04/58)5) The best headli ne for this n ewspaper article is.6) What ' s the best title for this passage?75(05/51)7What is the passage mainly about ? (04/59)(05/36)8)What is mainly discussed in the text?I. main idea型，即主题题II. topic或title型，即标题题.4. 解题技巧：同上5精练：1.Klep

19、tomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is notreally a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small childre n act n aturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical re

20、as ons have failed to develop con trol over their desire to take thi ngs that do not bel ong to them.With medical help they may bee normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great &#118alue.They ofte n give away what they have stole n or collect objects without u

21、sing them.Q:What is the topic of the text?A. Young Thieves.B. An Unu sual Ill ness.C. Reaso ns for Steali ng D. A Normal Child ' s Actio ns6. 作业：04 05年高考选题。推断生词的词义附：课件展示推断生词的词义课堂讲解、分析方法、高考例题精练。高考例题分析：一、根据上下文情景进展猜想猜想任何词义都离不开上下文的语境，所以可借助上下文语境对需要猜想的词或短语进展符合逻辑的推测。1. (2004年全国卷 I,B 篇)62. The underline

22、d word Change in the second paragraph means. A. Idea B. Decisio n C. Cups D. Coi ns原文So she made it easy, placi ng cups in rooms where stude nts could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year stude nts to keep in their rooms. Her Change for Change effort has collected $ 40,000 for

23、 charities慈善机构 ),which were decided upon by students.解析根据上文她把杯子放在学生宿舍里收集硬币，以及下文中谈到已经为慈善机构募集到了 $ 40,000可知,Change应是Coins(硬币)。答案为D。2. (2005年 XX 卷 B 篇)39. What does the underlined phrase“ juveniteeoibesity"A. Adult educati on. B. Childhood overweight C. Parents' in flue nee D. Grow ing pains原文L

24、ack of pare nt willpower may con tribute more to juven ile obesitythanunder-exercising or overeating.Researchsuggeststhat having overweight parents is a big,in flue nce （ 影响）upon a child' s weight, with one study finding that childre n with overweight pare nts were four times more likely to be o

25、verweight themselves.解析通过阅读上下文，会发现第一段中有"Lack of pare nt willpower may co ntribute家长缺少意志力会导致,而第二段又提至U"havi ng overweight parents is a big, in flue nce（影响）upon a child' s weight/ 父母肥胖也会影响儿童的体重。两个句子存在明显的相互对应，在参照下文，可以推断出这个词组是“儿童肥胖。二、根据上下文的指代关系进展猜想英语中代词使用得比拟频繁，文章中的代词one, it, that, he, him 或

26、them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的容进展总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。3. （2004 年全国卷 III,C 篇）65. The underlined wordone in the 3rd paragraph refers to. A. the Preside ntB. the director C. an actor D. a look-alike原文The preside nt has started using look-alikes duri ng some public appeara nces.Dave is offe

27、red a cha nce toserve his country by being one.解析根据前文总统开场在公共场合使用替身（look-alikes）后来Dave有时机成为了其中的一员可以猜想出one应该是a look-alike。答案为D。三、根据同义关系进展猜想当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。4. （2004年卷,C 篇）66. The underlined wordconflict in the second letter means.A. depe ndent life

28、 B. fierce fightC. bad manners D. painful feeli ng原文And if you've gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere（气 氛）,you may fear that say ing no will bring back the kind of con flict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.解析由破折号后的or可知,前后两句的意思相近，再结合

29、两封信的容可知，她不想失去或破坏这个友好气氛，否那么就又让她回到以前的冲突中。答案为 B。四、根据同位关系进展猜想阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对其进展解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进展猜想。5. （2004 年卷,C 篇）82. The word favouritism in paragraph 3 is used to describe thephe nomenon that.A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobsB. childre n from well-respect

30、ed schools tend to have good jobsC. poor childre n with certificates are favoured in job marketsD. childre n atte nding ordi nary schools achieve great success原文Without exam in atio ns, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favo

31、uritism will replace equality.解析破折号后的句子是对前面进展解释说明的，二者是同位关系 ，因此,要猜想favouritism的意思，可从前面句子的意思入手。答案为B。五、根据转折或比照关系进展猜想根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差异，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、比照或不相干的意义。6. (NMET2002, E 篇)74. What does the underlined wordhassle(paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a pa

32、rty desig ned by specialists B. a pla n requiri ng careful thoughtC. a situati on caus ing difficulty or troubleD. a dema nd made by guests原文A child's birthday party does n't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, accord ing to Beth An aclerio, an Evast on mother of two, ages 4 and

33、18 mon ths.解析 通过上下句 A child's birthday party does n't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. 可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断，答案为C。三、精练所有的题型归纳、技巧分析都只是纸上谈兵，要想在高考阅读理解取得好的成绩， 要特别加强对学生阅读能力和技巧的训练，提高学生辨识题干和选项的能力。选取材料时要题材广泛，体裁多样。复习中我主要采纳历届高考真题。此外，对文学作品的理解是XX卷的创新和特色之一，也是新课程标准要求的

34、最好表达。我认为比照拟薄弱的文学作品中需要简单理解的容要有足够的重视。四、改良中学阅读教学我们常说“得阅读者，得天下。中学的阅读教学在整体的英语教学过程中起着至 关重要的作用。分析2005年英语XX卷阅读题的特点，使我们进一步理解语言是一个载体， 它的目的是传递信息。在今后的教学中，在阅读选材上，我们应注意选择话题新、具有时代感、承载当前科学和文化开展的文章有利于学生在语言学习中获取新的信息。在体裁的选择上，除关注较多的说明文和议论文，包括人物传记、地理或历史常识、科普等方面的文章， 以外，应注意使学生多接触一些文学作品，这样，学生不仅能更多地了解英语国家的社会和文化，冶情操，而且能学习更多较

35、高层次的文学语言，从而不断提高英语知识水平和运用能力。五、阅读参考题 科普知识类关注安康话题，特别是有关安康的一些新发现是高考科普类文章选材的一个热点。高考题在科普知识的选材上非常注重当今世界人们在科技领域的新发现，事物本身具有新颖性因此而倍受高考命题者的青睐。本文在命题方面既注重特定细节的准确理解，又注重推理判断题的考察。Negative calories? You' ve got to be kidding me.Is this possible? Can a food actually not only have no calories, but even have n egat

36、ive calories? Could you literally eat your way to fat loss?Yes. Although all foods carry some calories, the overall effect of certa in foods in our body is that of Negative calories.Negative calorie foods are foods that use more calories to digest tha n the calories the foods actually con tai n.Calo

37、ries from these foods are much harder for the body to break dow n and process. In other words, the body has to work harder in order to extract calories from these foods. This gives these foods a n atural fat burning adva ntage.For example, a piece of pie consisting of 350 calories may only require 1

38、00 calories to be digested, thus a net gain of 250 calories will be added to your body fat.But, if you eat 65 calories of a food that requires 150 calories to dig est, then you ' ve burnt an additi onal 50 calories simply by eati ng that food.There are a large nu mber of foods that bine low calo

39、ries, delicious taste, and excelle nt n egative calorie properties. To lose weight, you should not starve .In stead,eat a lot of n egative calorie foods to lose that extra fat and bee slim n aturally.1. The author of this passage suggests that if you want to lose weight you should.A. eat foods with

40、less caloriesB. eat foods with n egative caloriesC. starve moreD.eat foods with low calories and delicious taste2. How can you get n egative calories, accord ing to the passage?A. Eat less food tha n n ecessary.B. Eat foods that contain more calories tha n the calories it takes to digest.C. Eat food

41、s that require more calories to digest tha n the calories you get from the foods.D. Eat less food and exercise more.3. Which of the follow ing is not men ti oned in the passage?A. Names of n egative calorie foods.B. What n egative calorie foods are.C. The effect of n egative calorie foods.D. How n e

42、gative calorie foods work.【解题关键】 文章首先以问题的形式提出本文的中心，然后说明负热量食物的概念以及其作用，最后是作者的建议：减肥不应节食，而应该吃负热量食物。准确理解本文所介绍的negative calories的概念及其作用，准确捕捉特定细节并根据文章所提供的信息进展合理推理 是做好本文的关键。【答案解析】1. B细节理解题。从文章最后一段得出答案，文章在分析了负热量食物的减肥原理后， 最后建议减肥不应通过节食，而应该吃负热量食物。2. C细节理解题。文章第三段说明，负热量食物就是用于消化所消耗的能量比食物本身含的能量多的食物 Negative calorie

43、 foods are foods that use more calories to digest than the calories the foods actually contain。3. A推理判断题。从文章中找不到具体的负热量食物的名称。应用广告类广告应用类文章一直是近几年高考的热点题材。高考命题往往选择国外一些宣传册作为自己命题的原始材料。在命题方面以考察细节的快速捕捉和理解为主，同时注重文章目的、 意图的推断。从这个意义上说此题非常贴近高考题的风格。WELE TO YOUR FREE ISH MEMBERSHIPYour MembershipInternational Stude

44、nts House is a unique独特的，cultural and recreational娱乐的 centre providi ng a wide programme of events for stude nts 310 days a year.Located in a fashi on able and safe n eighbourhood, close to Rege nt' s Park, ISH is a centrato meet stude nts from Brita in and around the world.ISH provides all its

45、members with the opport un ity to enjoy a wide variety of sports and hobbies in a frien dly and fun en vir onment. Many of the activities are free of charge as part of membership, while some charge a small fee.Membership is ope n to all full time stude nts, professi onal train ees and stude nt nu rs

46、es.LEARNLecture Series:ISH orga ni zes a nu mber of lively, topical lectures of political and con temporary （同时代的）in terest by famous speakers.Language ClassesA variety of weekly Ian guage classes which in the past have in eluded En glish, Spani sh, Japa nese and Italia n.ISH tries to offer as many

47、developme nt and educati onal programmes as possible for its members. Look out for additi onal workshops and leadership programmes. E mail: lear n .uk.CREATESun day Cin ema:Films are shown every Sunday evening at 19 : 30including recent blockbusters大片theme （主题）ni ghts and classics.Classes:Sho

48、w your talents才能or learn from the beginning with our various classes and workshopswhich in clude Life Draw ing. Photography, and Drama.Throughout the year ISH holds nu merous exhibiti ons, recitals公演 and performa nces put on by the stude nts. To get more in formati on, e mail: create .uk.TRAV

49、ELTravel Club:The Travel Club runs a prehensive （广泛的）schedule of day and weekend trips to British and European destinations. Students get the chanee to explore new parts of the UK and meet people from all over the world. Sightsee ing, canoeing, hik ing, eat ing out, socializ ing and meeti ng local p

50、eople are what you can expect to experie nee duri ng the trips. E mail: travel .uk.ACTIVEClasses:Try out our Martial Arts and Fit ness Classes every week ni ght i ncludi ng Kick Boxing, Tai Chi, Kung Fu and Shaoli n as well as Yoga, and Aerobics classes. All our classes are run by qualified a

51、nd professi onal in structors.Sports:Join in our recreati onal and team sports such as football, volleyball, running, table tennis, and chess.ISH Dan gerous Sports Club:We also orga nize such activities as go karting, pain ball ing and adve nture weeke nds. E mail: active .uk.1. If you are a

52、member of ISH, you can do all the followi ng except.A. traveli ng to some Europea n coun triesB. atte nding all kinds of in teresti ng lecturesC. atte nding French classesD. meeti ng stude nts from all around the world2. If you want to see a painting exhibiti on held by ISH,.A. you must pay a small

53、amount of moneyB. you can get some in formati on through an e mailC. you can get a ticket free of chargeD.3. If you want to lear n to take photos, which of the followi ng email addresses is useful to you?A. learn .uk. B. travel .uk.C. active .uk. D. create .uk.4. If you l

54、ike some adventure on weekends, you ' d better .A. join ISH Dangerous Sports Club B. join the Travel ClubC. go to Sunday Cinema D. take some Fitness Classes 【解题关键】这是介绍英国一个国际学生会入会规那么和权益的宣传册。文章容较多， 但涉及题目理解的信息并不多。大家快速而准确地捕捉与解题有关的细节是做好本文的关 键。【答案解析】1. C细节理解题。把题目跟原文信息一一对应，就能得出答案，在Language Classe里面并未提到

55、法语。2. B细节理解题。在 CREATE下面的Classes一项里面提到：要更多地了解展览情况， 可发电子给 。3. D细节理解题。在CREATE下面的Classes一项里面提到：要学摄影，可发电子给。4. A 细节理解题。在 ISH Dangerous Sports Club 一项里面提到了 adventure 词。 人物传记类名人逸事是高考人物传记类文章的主打题材。 在选材时， 不仅注重名家的生平， 也关注 与名人生活、 事业息息相关的人或事。 命题方面既注重特定细节的准确理解， 又注重推理判 断题的考察。Nate suffered a devastating blow when he

56、lost his job. His boss had spoken rudely, Your services are no longer needed. Nate left the building filled with despair. By the time he reached home, he was in a deep depression. When he entered his house, he blurted out to his wife Sophia, I lost my job. I am a plete, utter failure. A tense silenc

57、e followed. Then a smile crept across Sophia great news! she responded. Now you can write the book you have always wanted to write.But I have no job and no prospect of a job, he objected, pletely without hope. If I struggle to be an author, then what will we live on? Where will the money e from?Sophia took her husband by the hand and led him to the kitchen. Opening a drawer, she took out a box that was full of cash. Where on earth did you get this? Nate gasped. To whom does it belong?It 's ours! Sophia replied. I always knew that one day you would bee a