词汇学期末复习题及答案(共15页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1. The definition of a word includes _. A. a minimal free form that can function alone B. a unit of meaning C. a sound unity D. all of the above 2. A word is _ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntac

2、tic function. A. a minimal free form B. a smallest meaningful unit C. an element which can not be further analyzed D. a grammatically minimal form 3. The Indo-European language family consist of_. A. all the languages in Europe and India B. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe. C.

3、 most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East 4. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _.A. logical B. arbitrary C. inherent D. automatic 5. The prehistoric Indo-European parent

4、language is thought to be _. A. A highly inflected language. B. A highly developed language. C. A very difficult language. D. A language of leveled endings. 6. More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed .A. phonemes B. allomorphs C. morphs

5、 D. phones 7. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as .A. morphemes B. derivational morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. suffixes 8. is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also kno

6、wn as . A. derivation, affixation B. affixation, derivation C. derivative, affixation D. affixation, derivative 9. Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separate elements, for example, . A. hot dog B. red meat C. flower pot D. fat head 10. is universal to all men alike regard

7、less of culture, race, language and so on while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. A. meaning, concept B. concept, meaning C. sense, reference D. reference, sense 11. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safet

8、y, love. That is because of the “home” has _. A. collocations B. connotations C. denotations D. perorations 12. Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nag B. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mare C. policeman, constable, bobby, cop D. domicile, residence, abod

9、e, home 13. Which group of the following are perfect homonyms? A. dear (a loved person)deer (a kind of animal) B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank (the edge of the river)bank (an establishment for money business) D. right (correct)write (put down on paper

10、 with a pen) 14. The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning is called _. A. Linguistic context B. Grammatical context C. Extra-linguistic context D. Para-linguistic context 15. means through all difficulties and troubles. A. through high and low

11、B. through thick and thin C .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule. 2. Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. 3. Affixes like “-th” are very produ

12、ctive in current English. 4. The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems. 5. The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem. 6. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. 7. “-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, at

13、tendance, protection, existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems. 8. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems. 9. The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. 10. In both compounds an

14、d free phrases the adjective element can take inflectional suffixes. 11. Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with no loss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed. 12. A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns except taking

15、an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. 13. Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions cant be converted to nouns. 14. Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity in English, they are not advisable to be used frequently in for

16、mal writing. 15. Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16. Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17. Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.18. Componential analysis has no disadvantages.19. Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achi

17、eving humor or irony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20. In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 1. Morphemes are abstract_ units, which are realized in speech by di

18、screte units known as morph_. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs_.  2. A word is a minimal free_ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic func

19、tion. 3. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _empty_ words. 4. According to semantics, a word is a unit of meaning . 5. Bound morphemes include bound roots and affixes . 6. The most productive means of word formation are affixation   

20、;    , compounding       and conversion    . 7. Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic sign and a referent    , does the sign become meaningful. 8. Most morphemes are realized by single words

21、 like "bird, tree, green", etc, Words of these kinds are called monomorphemic       words. 9. With Norse invasion_, many Scandinavian words came into the English language.10. Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition .Part IV Explain the foll

22、owing terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2. Semantic field Part V Answer the following questions.1. What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in

23、italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3. Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exe

24、rcise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. F Part III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs 2. free 3. empty 4. meaning 5. bound, aff

25、ixes 6. affixation, compounding, conversion 7. referent 8. monomorphemic 9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bou

26、nd if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme. Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme. An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit

27、of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example: The word "unbreakable" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme; "break", a free morpheme; and "-able", a bound morpheme. "un-" is also a prefix, "-able&

28、quot; is a suffix. Both "un-" and "-able" are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph "-s", /s/, in cats (/kæts/), but "-es", /z/, in dishes (/dz/), and even the voiced "-s", /z/, in dogs (/dgz/). "-s". These are allomorphs of the

29、same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is t

30、hat words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to ot

31、her words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before

32、 or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguou

33、s（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as 1）police stop drinking by themselves 2）police stop people drinking （4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morp

34、heme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bea

35、r, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1. From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meanin

36、g of the word “paper” here is “document”. This shows that the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational2. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _.A. synecdoche B. metonymyC. substitution D. met

37、aphor3. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects A. humor B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above4. Which of the following statements is Not correct? A. A word can be formed by two free morphemes B. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme C. A word can be

38、 formed by two bound morphemes D. A word can be formed by any two affixes. 5. In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds, which shows _. A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established. B. there are different logical relations between sound

39、and meaning C. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of convention D. the concepts are not really the same6. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are _. A. historical reason and class reason B. historical reason an psychological reason C. class &psychological reason D

40、. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7. Old English vocabulary was in essence _ with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic B. Germanic C. Roman D. Irish8. is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity.

41、 A. Stem B. Root C. Morpheme D. Affix 9. is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to be used in combination with other morphemes to make words. A. Free root B. Bound root C. Morpheme D. Bound morpheme10. The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are t

42、he following except . A. compounding B. affixation C. acronym D. conversion11. The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of the combined. A. morphs B. allomorphs C. roots D. morphemes 12. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is _. Most words can be said to be_. A. pr

43、escriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated C. arbitrary, motivated D. arbitrary, non-motivated 13. _ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. A. Grammatical meaning B. Denotative meaning C. Associative meaning D. Connotative meaning14. “parent/child, husba

44、nd/wife, predecessor/successor” are _ . A. contrary terms B. contradictory terms C. relative terms D. complementary terms15. “au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resulting from_. A. borrowing B. dialects and regional English C. figurative &euphemistic use of words D. with idiomatic expressio

45、ns16. From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational17. means damage from continuous us

46、e.A. fair and spare B. toil and moil C. wear and tear D. kith and kin18. More often than not, functional words only have . A. lexical meaning B. associative meaning C. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning19. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute _of the modern English vocabulary.

47、A. 50 percent B. 50 percent C. 80 percent D. 65 percent20. Functional words do _ work of expression in English on average than content words. A. far more B. less C. equal D. similarPart II True or false questions.1. Differences can be found between American and British English in pronunciation, spel

48、ling, grammar and vocabulary.2. When a prefix is added to a word, its word-class is usually changed.3. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon of the language.4. Words in the same semantic field do not have a number of collocations in common.5. A word is a unity of sound and meanin

49、g, capable of performing a given syntactical function.6. Most loan words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change in sound and spelling.7. An allomorph is one of the variant forms of a morpheme. 8. Conversion means the transfer of a word from one class to another.9. The relation betwee

50、n a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary and conventional.10. Componential analysis is to break down the conceptual sense of a word into its minimal distinctive components.11. Psychological research found that vocabulary is stored redundantly only as individual morphemes. 12. In the follo

51、wing 2 sentences, “How long is he?” “How young are you?” , the two words long and young are both marked. 13. Idioms are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual constituents. 14. “Diamond cut diamond.” is syntactically wrong, and should be revised into “Diamond cuts diamo

52、nd.” 15. Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, and later took on the meaning “fortunate” by analogy, because the two words look similar in shape. Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples root, stem and base.2. Semantic motivation3. Sense and ref

53、erence4. Idiom5. MetonymyPart IV Answer the following questions.1. The pen' is mightier than the sword'. Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give exampl

54、es to illustrate your point.3. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of hyponymy.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Answers for Exercise 2Part I Multiple choices.1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 DDBCA

55、16-20 CCDCAPart II True or false questions. 1. T 2 . F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.

56、Thus it cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content. For example, the lexical root of “chatter” is chat.A stem is that part of a word which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. For example, photographer: photographer; destabilized: destabilizeA base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (bot