高一英语Unit 1 Festivals around the world (2) 人教实验版知识精讲

1、用心 爱心 专心高一英语高一英语 Unit 1 Festivals around the world (2) 人教实验版人教实验版【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 1 Festivals around the world (2)情态动词的用法can / could may / mightwill / would shall / shouldmust/ need二. 重、难点讲解 1. 情态动词的概述1）英文中常用的情态动词有：can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would, must, had better, n

2、eed 等。2）情态动词有别于助动词（be, have, do）, 情态动词有其自身的词汇意义，而且通常是一词多义。 用来表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力、怀疑等。3）在谓语中的作用：情态动词在句中不能单独作句子的谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成复合谓语。如：I must go to school today.He can dance. He cant swim.2. 情态动词及其基本含义 can, could, be able to may, might must, have to shall, should, ought to need, dare will, would1）can /

3、could 表示“能够”或表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法表示“能够” （注意与 be able to 的差别） a. 表示现在的能力，常用 can, 而不用 be able to. 如：Bob can play the piano.A fish cant walk, but it can swim.b. could 表示过去“一般的能力，总的能力” ，即我们在过去想干什么就随时可以干什么。这里也可以用 was / were able to.如：I could / was able to recite several poems when I was 3 years old.而表示主语在过去某

4、个特定的场合所表现出的“特定的能力，具体的能力” ，或表示某人在某一场合成功地完成了某件事，要用 was / were able to.如：With the aid of the wood, he was able to swim across the river.He hurried to the station, and he was able to catch the train.用心 爱心 专心c. 在否定句中， could 和 was / were able to 可以互换。如：I applied everywhere and I couldnt get any good job.表

5、示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法can = could 常用于一般疑问句，could 比 can 更委婉。e.g. Can I see your license?Could I borrow your dictionary?2）may / might表示“征求某人意见”常用于一般疑问句中，might 比 may 更委婉。注意回答的表达方式。 （may = might）e.g. May I trouble you with a question?May I smoke here?Yes, please.Please dont.No, you mustnt.-May I use your pen?-

6、Yes, you can.3）must 表示“必须” “偏偏”表示“必须”e.gWe must do everything step by step.You mustnt talk like that.表示“偏偏”e.g.The car must break down just when we were about to start off.must / have toe.g. You must be back by ten. Otherwise I wont let you come in.You have to be back by ten because well set off at

7、half past ten.注意：must 用于表示说话人的“主观”愿望，其否定式可用 mustnt, neednt 或dont have tohave to 用于表示客观事实的要求4）shall / shouldshall 表示“将要”或表示征求某人意见表示“将要”I shall be twenty years old next month.If you dont come, you shall be punished.表示征求某人意见Shall we take a walk?用心 爱心 专心Lets take a walk, shall we?should可表示 shall 的过去式，也可

8、表示“义务、责任” “强烈的怀疑”还可用于名词从句中，表示“意想不到的”或 lest 的后面，表示“以防” 。如：shall 的过去式I told him that I should see him the next day. 义务、责任You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.You should have called me last night. 强烈的怀疑If it should rain, he would not come.用于名词从句中，表示“意想不到的”It is surprising that he should be

9、so foolish.It is strange that she shouldnt have been invited. lest 的后面，固定用法I get up early lest I （should） miss the first train. 我起得很早以免错过头班火车。5）need / dare既可以用作情态动词，也可以用作及物动词（要注意形式上的差别）We need not tell him. （need 是情态动词）We dont need to tell him. （need 是实义动词）She dare not say what she thinks. （dare 是情态

10、动词）She doesnt dare to say what she thinks. （dare 是实义动词）She dares to say what she thinks. （dare 有不同的时态）Notesneed doing = need to be donee.g.The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.6）will 表示“意愿” 、 “愿望”e.g.Please give my regards to your family. I will.Will you love him forever? I will.

11、would 表示过去习惯性的动作 （used to）During the vacation he would visit me every week.He told us he used to be a soldier when he was young.易用错的情态动词could / would / mightWould you lend me a hand? Of course, here you are.Could I use your dictionary? Yes, you can.Might I use your pen? No, you mustnt.用心 爱心 专心3. 情态动

12、词的特殊用法 情态动词表示“推测” 情态动词表示“虚拟”1）情态动词表示“推测”表示“推测”的情态动词有：must, shouldcancould maymightThis must be your room.It must have rained last night.The door was locked. He can （could） have been at home. I havent seen him for a long time. He might have been arrested by the police. 注意：对现在或将来的推测用情态动词+动词原形的形式，但是对过去

13、事情的推测要用情态动词+have done 的形式。must 表示“肯定是” ，其否定形式是：cant 而不是 mustnt情态动词表示“虚拟”ought to （should） have done 本来应该做某事（实际上没有做）ought not to （should not） have done 本来不应该做某事（实际上做了）need （not ） have done 本来（不）需要做某事would have done 本来会e.g.With not all the work finished, he shouldnt have gone to the party last night.他

14、的工作没有完成，他昨晚本来不应该去参加那个晚会。He tried his best in everything, otherwise he would not have been what he was.他做任何事都很努力，否则他不会取得现在的成就。I got up early this morning, but I neednt have done so because I neednt work on Sundays. 我今天早晨起得很早，但是我本来不需要这样因为我星期天不需要工作。【模拟试题模拟试题】情态动词专项练习1. The ground is wet. It _ last nigh

15、t.A. must rainB. was rainedC. must have rainedD. had rained2. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not 3. I thought you _ be hungry, so Ive brought you some cakes.A. mayB. mightC. canD. could 4. John _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. nee

16、dntB. cantC. shouldD. may 5. The small girl says that she _ touch the dead snake.A. dares toB. dare notC. dare not toD. dares not to 6. We _ be polite to the customers. How _ you be so rude to them?A. may, canB. should, couldC. can, wouldD. cant, should 7. The girl stood there, not _ a word.A. dare

17、to sayB. daring to sayC. dared to sayD. daring saying用心 爱心 专心 8. If this pen is not yours, whose _ it be?A. mayB. mustC. canD. will 9. I wish to call on you tonight, _?A. have IB. may IC. dont ID. would I10. Must we get to the station before 6:00? No, you _. The train leaves at 9:00. A. mustnt B. ne

18、ednt C. cant D. wont 11. They met with a serious flood but in the end everyone _ escape from the area.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 12. Shall we go skating or stay at home? -Which _ do yourself?A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 13. _ the wallet

19、, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman?A. Need B. Would C. Must D. Should 14. She _ out alone at night. A. dare not to go B. dares not goC. doesnt dare to go D. doesnt dares go 15. Do you think hell do me a favour? Its very unlikely, but he _ be prepared to help

20、you. A. must B. will C. can D. might 16. It had been raining for four days when they arrived at the oil field. Things _ easy for them then.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 17. Oh, Ive missed a good chance. Yes. You _ the job when it was offered.A. should have taken

21、B. should take C. might have taken D. must have taken 18. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 19. Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer? No. Ive already bought twenty. That _ be enough for us two. A. can B. may C. ought to D. might20. But for

22、 your coming, I _ very lonely.A. would be B. could be C. would have been D. could have been 21. If you _ wait over there for a moment, Mr. Smith, Ill tell our manager youve arrived.A. will B. must C. should D. might 22. One ought _ for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished

23、 C. to not punished D. not be punished 23. That young man has made so much noise that he _not have been allowed to attend the concert. 用心 爱心 专心A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should 24. Children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and_ themselves greatly even without TV.A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoy C. were used to reading, enjoy D. were used to read; enjoying 25. You are wet through. You _ in the rain. A