材料成型工艺基础部分

1、材料成型工艺基础部分材料成型工艺基础部分0绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料:high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods (casting 机器零件：machine part 毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property 砂型铸造：sand casting process 型砂：foundry sand1.1铸件成形理论基

2、础合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property 工艺性能：processing property 收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure 使用性能：service performance 浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal st

3、orage capacity浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固： mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹

4、：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron 热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy 熔炼：fusion metallur

5、gy铜合金：copper alloy 氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法(casting method手工造型：hand moulding 机器造型： machine moulding 金属型： metal mold casting 金属模：permanent mould 压力铸造：press casting 熔模铸造：investment moulding 蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure差压铸造：counter-pressure casting陶瓷型铸造:shaw pro

6、cess1.3铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数： processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差带：tolerance zone 机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孑L： core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contrac

7、tion线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角： curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line14铸造结构工艺性力口强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing 内腔：entocoele2金属塑性加工塑性加 口工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punchin

8、g轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒： grain refinement 热锻：hit-forging 温锻：warm forging2.1金属塑性加工理论基础 塑性变形：plastic yield 力口工硬化：work-hardening 韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature 再结晶：recrystallize 再结晶退火：full annealing 冷变形：cold deformation 热变性：heat denaturation 锻造比：forging ratio 镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：

9、fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature终锻

10、温度：final forging temperature2.2金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process 精整工序：finishing process 模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out p

11、unch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径： minimum bending radius曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程： process specification锻件图：forging dr

12、awing 敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热规范：heating schedule冷却规范：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件:circumcresent cake-like forging长轴类锻件:long axis-lik

13、e forging2.4锻件结构工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant 空间曲线：curve in space 粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5冲压件结构工艺性3焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding 钎焊：braze welding3.1焊接理论基础冶金： metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding 电渣焊：electro-slag welding 高能束焊：high energy welding 电子焊：electronic welding 激光焊：l

14、aser welding 等离子焊：plasma welding 电弧：electric arc 卩日极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：

15、phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理： postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2焊接方法埋弧焊：h

16、idden arc welding气体保护焊： gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊： consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊： argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨： carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc

17、cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊： multiple projection welding 对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method 焊接材料：welding material 焊条：electrode

18、 焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel咼碳钢：high carbon steel低合金钢：lean alloy steel 不锈钢：non-corrosive steel 有色金属：nonferrous metal3.4焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire 连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered jo

19、int坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金(power metallurgy)粉末冶金成品： finished power metallurgical product铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶：solid solubility化合：combination4.2粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：pre

20、paration预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method 雾化法：atomization 粒度：grain size 松装密度：loose density 流动性：flowing power 压缩性：compressibility筛分：screen separation混合：compounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：

21、 high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash s

22、et非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法： explosion cladding method扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6.1高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibr

23、e涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic 薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics 模压塑料： die pressing plasti