“省略和倒装”考点归纳

1、“省略和倒装”考点归纳省略和倒装是语法教学中的重点和难点，也是高考的热点。下面结合高考试题对它们作如下归纳，希望同学们能从中得到启发。省略考点一：情景对话中的省略在情景对话中，常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分，只保留主干部分或关键词。【真题回放】1. Have you finished your first paper? . Just half of it. How about you? (2009陕西)A. Not at all B. Not likely C. Not a bit D. Not yet解析：D。根据答语后半句可知还没有完成，Not yet即：I havent f

2、inished my first paper yet。2. You are confident about the job interview, arent you? . Im well prepared and feel Ive got everything they need. (2009重庆)A. Sure, I am B. Its hard to say C. I hope so D. Well, maybe解析：A。此处的Sure，I am后省略了confident about the job interview。考点二：状语从句中的省略在含状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句主语与从句

3、主语相同(或从句主语是it)，并且从句谓语中含有be动词，常将从句中的主语(或it)和be动词省略。【真题回放】1. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. (2009湖南)A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired解析：C。if not tired from work即if I am not tired from work的省略。2. Have you got any particular plans for

4、the coming holiday?Yes. , Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. (2008安徽)A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible解析：D。If possible.即If it is possible.。考点三：动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。【真题回放】1.

5、 The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国)A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up解析：C。句中had是使役动词，所以其后的动词不定式省略to符号。2. Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still . (2009江苏)A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not

6、 D. hopes for解析：A。“参加聚会”这一动作前面已经出现，所以后面应省略以使句子简洁。句子补全为：.but she still hopes to go to the party。3. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (2007全国)A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt解析：C。was going to表示本来打算做某事却没有做成，表示未曾实现的愿望。“汤姆，你昨晚没来参加

7、舞会?”“我本来打算来，但我突然想起我有作业要做”。考点四：so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。【真题回放】1. Would you like to join us in the game? , for I have something important to attend to. (2008福建)A. I will B. Id love to C. I wont

8、 D. Im afraid not解析：D。根据答语后半句的解释可知该处是客气委婉的拒绝。Im afraid not即Im afraid that I cant join you in the game。2. Some of you may have finished Unit One. , you can go on to Unit Two. (2009江西)A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so解析：D。该处If so即If you have finished Unit One。3. The boys are not doing a go

9、od job at all, are they? . (2003北京春)A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not解析：D。I guess not中的not并不是否定动词guess的，而是一个替代词，它替代的是整个宾语从句：(that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. 因此，I guess not不应译作“我不这么猜想”，而应译作“我想是的”或“我看他们干得不好”。【友情提示】很多动词 (think，believe，expect，suppose等)，它

10、们的两种否定形式的基本含义是相同的：I dont think so. I think not. I dont expect so. I expect not. 但是，hope是不能否定转移的动词。1. Will it rain tomorrow? I hope so. 明天会下雨吗？我希望明天下雨。2. Will it rain tomorrow? I hope not. 明天会下雨吗？我希望明天不要下雨。考点五：虚拟语气中的省略在虚拟条件句中，如果条件从句的谓语动词是were/had/should等助动词，通常要省略连词if并将助动词提前；在名词性从句中，如果表示“建议、命令、要求”时，其后

11、从句动词形式是should + do，should常省略。【真题回放】 fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be解析：B。该句是虚拟省略倒装句，正常顺序是：If you should be fired。考点六：定语从句中的省略关系代词引导定语从句作宾语时常可以省略，但在“介词+关系代词”或非限制性定语从句中不可以省略。【真题回放】You ca

12、n only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future. (2007安徽)A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that解析：B。第一空是what引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，并在宾语从句中作have的宾语；第二空是关系代词引导定语从句作get的宾语，关系代词可以省略。倒装考点一：在以here/there/out/in/up/down/away/off/then等副词开头的句子中，为了表示强调，通常使

13、用完全倒装。【真题回放】Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away . (2009上海)A. fleeing the thiefB. was fleeing the thiefC. the thief was fleeingD. fled the thief解析：D。表示方位的副词away位于句首，句子要使用完全倒装，该句陈述过去的瞬间动作，所以用一般过去时。考点二：表示地点、方向等的介词短语位于句首，主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie/stand/sit等)，此时要使用完全倒装句式。【真题回放】At the foot of the mountain

14、. (2006四川)A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village解析：B。at the foot of the mountain是介宾结构表示地点位于句首，故使用完全倒装。考点三：否定意义的副词或短语（特别是“介词+no+名词”短语）位于句首时，常常使用部分倒装。常见的否定副词或短语有：never/seldom/little/nowhere/hardly/in no case/in no sense/by no means等。【真题回放】1. Little about her own sa

15、fety, though she was in great danger herself. (2009陕西)A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care解析：A。little表示否定，位于句首要使用部分倒装句式，根据从句语境可知该句要使用一般过去时态。 2. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means with my progress. (2006重庆)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is t

16、he teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied解析：D。by no means位于句首表示否定含义，所以使用部分倒装。考点四：as/though引导让步状语从句时，常构成倒装句。其倒装句型是：表语(形容词或单个名词)/状语/谓语中的行为动词(动词原形)+as/though+主语+。【真题回放】1. Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. (2009重庆)A. thou

17、gh was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though解析：B。该句前后之间是让步关系，所以将从句中的表语(形容词unsatisfied)提前构成倒装句式。2. , Carolina couldnt get the door open. (2005广东)A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try解析：A。句意：Carolina试着开门，却怎么也打不开。该句强调“试”这一动作，所以在让步状语从句中使用了倒装句式。考点五：

18、“only+副词介宾结构状语从句”位于句首时，常使用部分倒装。【真题回放】It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes. (2008江西)A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted解析：C。在主语从句的变形结构中，only接when引导的时

19、间状语从句位于句首，所以要使用部分倒装；而“允许居民返回家园”这一动作在“大火得到控制”之后发生，所以用过去将来时。考点六：在so.that句型中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句中的主谓语要使用部分倒装。【真题回放】So sudden that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009山东)A. did the attack B. the attack didC. was the attack D. the attack was解析：C。当so + adj. 位于句首表示“如此以致”时，主句部分要使用倒装，be sudden是系表结构。考点七：so/ne

20、ither/nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，通常构成倒装句。so用于肯定情况，而neither/nor用于否定情况。其句型结构是：so/neither/nor + be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。【真题回放】1. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and . (2008辽宁)A. I was neither B. neither was IC. I was either D. either was I解析：B。该句前半句否定的内容也适用于后者，所以用neither构成倒装。2. My room

21、 gets very cold at night. . (2007江苏)A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does解析：C。上句肯定的内容也适用于后者，所以借助于do的形式构成倒装。【友情提示】1. 表示对对方所说的话加以肯定或赞同时，不用倒装语序，意为“的确，真的”。如：I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So you did. (2006江西)2. 当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，通常用“so + it + be + with + sb. ”

22、结构。如：Alice went out and she didnt tell me the truth, so it was with Lucy. 考点八：hardly.when/no sooner.than/not until等连接复合句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装；not only.but also连接并列分句时，如果not only放于句首，前一个分句使用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。【真题回放】1. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only , but students became more