字母音标教学详细版

1、字母音标教学1、字母的分类： 元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu辅音字母：Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Zz 半元音字母：Yy2、字母自身的音素字母AaBbCcDdEeFfGg音素eibi:si:di:i:efdi:字母HhIiJjKkLlMmNn音素eit ai deikeielemen字母OoPpQqRrSsTt音素 u pi:kju:esti:字母UuVvWwXxYyZz音素ju:vi:dblju:ekswaized二、国际音标英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个

2、。国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音i:ieæ中元音:后元音u:u:a:双元音开合双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu辅音爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bdg摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vzð破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻音（浊辅音）mn舌则音（浊辅音）lr半元音（浊辅音）wj英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料 音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例 子/i:/ E/i:/he /hi:/ key /ki:/ three /ri:/ meet/mi:t/i/it /it/ is /iz/ list /list/ his /hiz/ six /siks/ /e/egg/eg

3、/ red/red/ bed /bed/ pen /pen/ seven/sevn/ well/wel/ spell/spel/ /æ/ am/æm/ bag/bæg/ map/mæp/ black/blæk/ jacket/dækit/ / :/ four /f:/ ball/b:l/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ course/k:s/ / / dog/dg/ orange/rind/ what /wt/ clock /klk/ /a:/ are /a:/ card /ka:d/ last/la:st/u:/blue /

4、blu:/ ruler /ru:l/ to /tu:/ two /tu:/ food/fu:d/u/ good /gud/ book /buk/ look/luk/ put/put/ would/wud/ could/kud/color/kl/ bus/bs/ but/bt/ love/lv/ brother/brð/ mother/mð/:/girl /g:l/ her /h:/ first/f:st/ ruler /ru:l/ color/kl/ better/bet/ never/nev/ welcome/welkm/ei/A/ei/ name/neim/ cake/

5、keik/ Dale /deil/ eight/eit/ case/keis/u/O/u/ OK /ukei/ know /nu/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ /ai/I/ai/ my/mai/ hi/hai/ nice/nais/ five/faiv/ fine/fain/ white/wait/au/ how/hau/ about/baut/ out/aut/ house/haus/ i/ boy/bi/ toy /ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/i/ear/i/耳朵 here/hi/ dear /di

6、/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ / chair /t/ air/ tear/t/ care/k/ fair /f/ there/ð/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ 英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料 音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例 子/p/ pen /pen/ map/mæp/ cap/kæp/ please /pli:z/b/ bag /bæg/ book/buk/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/b/t/ what /wt/ quilt/

7、kwilt/ list/list/d/dog/dg/ good /gud/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ key/ki:/ book /buk/ clock/klk/g/ bag /bæg/ good /gud/ girl /g:l/ /f/ five/faiv/ fine/fain/ four/f:/ family /fæmli/v/five/faiv/ have /hæv/ love/lv/ very/veri/ / thank/æk/ three /ri:/ south/s

8、au/ bath/ba:/ thick/ik/ /ð/this /ðis/ that/ðæt/ brother/brð/ the/ð/ they/ðei/ father /fa:ð/s/ spell/spel/ face /feis/（脸） mouse/maus/ /z/ zero /ziru/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ /t/ chair /t/ chess /tes/（棋）lunch/lnt/ teacher /ti: t/ /d/orange/ri

9、nd/ jacket/dækit/ Jack/dæk/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/tr/tree/tri:/（树） try/trai/ truck/trk/ true/tru:/ trouble/trbl/ track/træk/dr/dry/drai/(使变干) dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ fish/fi/ English /igli/ sharpener/a:pn/ shoe/u:/ / pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ tele

10、vision/telivin/ts/ its/its/ whats/wts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp :ts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/frendz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/h/how/hau/ her /h:/ he/hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ hear/hi/ half/ha:f/l/ ruler /ru:l/ list/list/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/

11、light/lait/m/ my/mai/ map /mæp/ Mary/meri/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ /n/nice /nais/ nine /nain/ fine/fain/ mind/maind/ /evening /i:vni/ English/igli/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ /j/you/ju:/ yellow /jelu/ few/fju:/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ beautiful/bju:tfl/ /w/ what/wt/ well/wel/ wh

12、ite /wait/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ /r/ red /red/ ruler/ru:l/ road/rud/ write/rait/（w不发音) wrong/r/ 26个字母发音规律及英语字母组合发音表a /ei/ name  cake   table /æ/ apple cat  map  am /: /  want  dance /o/  what  watchb /b/ book big   bag boxc /k/ cat cake cup clock car /s

13、/  face nice pencil booksd /d/ desk doll dog dad e /i:/ he she meet me /e/ elephant egg bed penf /f/ fine friend fly foot fang / gun glass glad glove       /d /  age  orangeh /h/  hat he house handi /ai / fine bike  five  ice /i/ is sit miss pig picturej

14、/ d / jeep jam jacket jark /k/ kite cake black thankl /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp /l/ apple bowl tell oldm /m/ am map my mouth milk n /n/ no know new hando /u / old home nose coke /o/ dog not clock box / / son month mother lovep /p/ map jeep pig pen appleq  /kw / quite quilt quickr /r/ red rad

15、io brother rackets /s/ sit miss this smile books /z/ nose those rose rulerst /t/ it sit not that table littleu /ju: / use usually excuse / / bus us sun duck / u / put  pull  pushv /v /  five vase very sevenw /w/ we window watch wantx /ks /   box  six  foxy /ai / my fly

16、why bye / j /  yes  yellow / i /  happy baby veryz / z /  zoo   zero元音字母组合发音表元音字母组合位置读音例词例外ar重读a:mark carve article party market March farm hard在W后:warm warn reward war非重读 grammarer重读:service certain serve非重读worker farmer teacher or重读:form important corner horse在W后:work word

17、 world worth非重读 mirror doctor forbid forgetur重读:church Thursday nurse turn return 非重读surprise surround murmur ir重读:thirsty dirty first girlaai重读音节eitailor remain grain sail praise raise brain said e非重读音节icaptain certainau:causeaunt a:al:walk ball all talk half a:alms a:lalways almost already althoug

18、h aw:draw dawn saw airefair affair hair upstairsareedare glare share compare careful area:augh:taught caught daughter naughtylaugha:fay重读音节eidelay play say way todaysays e非重读音节iSunday Monday eeai: repeat leaf lead peace disease cream esweater thread headache heavy breakfast 特殊eigreat greatly break i

19、real idea theatreeei:sleep freely weed steel degree eariappear clear near hear dear ear heart a:heard learn earn early searchewear bear swear pear eiireceive seize ceiling ewju:few new newssewu在l，r后u:blew flew threw drew ereethere wherehere iey重读音节eigrey hey obey key i:非重读音节imonkey donkey eigheiweig

20、ht eight eightyiiei:piece thief field chief dietaiquietaiailie tie dieireaiwire inspire hire tire ighairight fight night high bright light ooauloaf road soap coat boat broad: abroad:oiivoice noise point choice oyitoy boy joy joyfuloo在其他字母前u:roof choose school shoot woolufootu在k，d 前utook look cook st

21、ood wood good foodu:flood blood oor:floor door pooruouaupound rouse mountain trousers ground thousand shoulderusoulucouple cousin double country touch trouble u:route group routine soupucould should would ough:fought bought brought thought thoughuplough aucough fthroughu:thoroughenough fowaudown bro

22、wn flower knowledgeubowl sow window row owner low show throw growuure重读音节usure surely 非重读音节:pleasure 辅音字母组合发音（全）字母组合发音词 例ble blable table possiblechchairkschoolmachineckkjacket clekluncle circle bicycledegd3bridge judge knowledgeged3age change village hugeghflaugh有时不发音eight daughterguwlanguageguessg

23、nnsign foreigngueleagueknnknow knife knee knitmbmclimbmnmautumnngmorningEnglishnkkthanknckunclephfphoneple pl apple people examplequkwquilt sc sscience scent scissorsh shesion3nconclusion invasionssionnexpression discussionstleslcastle whistle rustletaltlcapital hospitaltain tn britain certaintchwat

24、chththanksðthis tionnnation station dictionarytle tlgentle battle bottleture tpicture nature mixturewh一般情况下发wwhat 在字母O前发hwhowrrwriteknnknowdgebridge-ingstanding-tionnquestionndictionary-turepicture-sionndecision音节什么叫音节？音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m，n，ng，l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几

25、个元字组就有几个音节。什么是成音节？成音节的含义:音标中,一个辅音字母加上一个m或n或l,构成成音节 例词:noodle'nu:dl 在英语中元音特别响亮，一个元音可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来，元音可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音m，n， ng，l是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音。如何划分音节？在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

26、在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er什么是重读音节？重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。什么是开音节？开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。 在开音节中，元音字母发长音(本身音)。

27、 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：me, be, he, no, go, so相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home excuse如何识别开音节和闭音节？ 什么闭音节 ？什么叫闭音节?单个元音字母后面有辅字组成（r w y 除外），且以辅音字母结尾的音节。如果该音节重读，则叫做重读闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。例如：bag draw begin fish not cup。英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重

28、读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。 重读闭音节后要加ing或ed时，要双写才能加。如：如:sit-sitting stopped begin-beginningput-puttingswim-swimming举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节，双写)prohibit-prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）重读闭音节三要素： 1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母； 3.元音字母发短元音 元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音：元音字母AaEeIiOoUu开音

29、节eii:/ai/u/ju:闭音节/æ/e/i/ / /u/英语音标表、字母表- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆元音音标表（20个）5个元音的字母音 a ei    e i:    i ai    o u    u u:5个元音的短元音：a e  bag  cat   hat  mape e   pen  bed   ten  henI i 

30、   big   pig   sit   hillo    box  hot   dog  frogu u   but  mum  bus  mug12个单元音：短元音e   e    i           u      

31、60;                                        长元音         

32、    i:   :   a:   u:  :                      8个双元音：ei   ai   u   au   i   i   e&

33、#160;  u元音发音规则表：1.单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep开音节中的e/i:/ me be sheee /i:/ see sleep deep feet needea /i:/ read eat meal seat2.单元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym位于词尾的

34、y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility3.单元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tellea /e/ dead, heaven, feather4.单元音/e/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact闭音节中的 a / e / bad, lad, rat, cab5.单元音 /a:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn passa

35、r /a:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm6.单元音 / / lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock闭音节中的o / / hot, got, not, lost, on, soft7./ :/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thoughtor / :/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, beforea(+ll或lk) / :/ all, fall, talk, walkaw / :/ law, paw,

36、draw, flaw, claw8.单元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot wouldu /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushionoo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroomou /u/ could, would, should9.单元音 /u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose newoo /u:/ fool, booth, room, foodou /u:/ soup, you, groupo /u:

37、/ do, to, who10./ / cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck闭音节中的u / but, hunt, sun, duck, luck闭音节中的o / son, once, colour, other, moneyou / rough, enough, touch, cousin, young11.单元音 /:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curseer /:/ herd, verb, mercyir /:/ thirty, shirt, third, firur /:/

38、 turn, church, burn, nurse, curseor /:/ word, work, world, worseear /:/ heard, earth, search12.单元音 / ago about asleep above again among mother brother许多元音在非重读章节中读成/，所以/的拼写形式多种多样。如：about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure13.双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spadea /ei/ save, face, paleay /

39、ei/ day, pay, mayai /ei/ wait, fail, straitea /ei/ break, great14.双元音 /u/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soulo /u/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, Octoberoa /u/ coat, soap, boat, road, coastow /u/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window15.双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mi

40、ne like开音节中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fineigh /ai/ high, might, night, light, brighty /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, replyie /ai/ eye, dye, bye16.双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown foundou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouseow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how17. 双元音 /i/ boy jo

41、y toy voice noise join coin oil soil toiloi /i/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noiseoy /i/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer18.双元音 /i/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really ideaear /i/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beardea /i/ idea, real, theatreere /i/ here, mere, se

42、vereeer /i/ beer, queer, engineer19.双元音 /e/ care wear hair there fair careful variousare /e/ care, share, fare, hare，carelessair /e/ air, fair, chair，repair20.双元音 /u/ tour sure poor pure cure tourist ur /u/ cure, pure, fury词尾-ed的发音规则：1.t/d后读/id/, 2.清清浊浊元音浊。清辅音后读/t/浊辅音后读/d/t/ /d/二音后读/id/元音后读/d/特

43、殊情况除外(没有几个,不用记了)在清辅音后面 tasked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached在浊辅音和元音后面 dcalled borrowed movedmu:vd enjoyed welcomed answered在t音后面 idwanted''wntid started''sta:tid在d音后面读id needed''ni:did counted''kauntid0补充说明： 规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwa

44、nted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同

45、。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt6. 含有元音字母o / i的

46、词，将o / i变成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank词尾-es/s的发音规则：动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。 1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“s

47、, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz 4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如： gogoes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如： 1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做iz。 如： closecloses iz 二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象 例

48、词： babybabies carrycarries studystudying be动词包括：am， is， are。第三人称单数用 is； 过去式为 was；复数用are，过去式为were. 自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun

49、umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinese bite five nine kite mine nice ride side rose nose rope note pose home rode those tube cube June cute huge 第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid ay:bay ray way

50、 say hay pay May lay ee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow win

51、dow bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruit ue:Sue blue glue true 第三天:ar er ir ur or ar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork hors

52、e horn fort morning corn fork 第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse ow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foo