【最新推荐】外研版英语中考归纳复习专题：动词与动词短语

1、外研版英语中考归纳复习专题：动词与动词短语【动词】动词一般分为实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。其中实义动词是主要考查点。动词的基本形式：大部分动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称 单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。形式构成例词动词原形第三人称单 数在动词原形后加-srun-runs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词, 在词尾加-esteach-teaches以辅音字母+y”结尾的 动词，先变y为i,再加-esstudy-studies现在分词在动词原形后力口 -ingread-reading以不发音的字母e结尾 的动词，去掉e再加-inglive-living以重读闭音节结尾，且词 尾只

2、有一个辅音字母的 动词，先双写该辅音字 母,再加-ingsit-sitting少数几个以ie结尾的动 词要变ie为y,再加-ingdie-dyinglie-lying过去式与过去分词（规则变化）在动词原形后力口 -edwork-worked以辅音字母+y”结尾的 动词，先变y为i,再加-edcarry-carried以重读闭音节结尾，且词 尾只有一个辅音字母的 动词，先双写该辅音字 母,再加-edstop-stopped以不发音的字母e结尾 的动词，直接加dlive-lived【考点训练1】I.The little girl can(sing) very well.2 .The person

3、who is the earliest will get what he or she(want).3 .He(write) a letter to his best friend yesterday.4 .Edison enjoyed(try) his new ideas.5 .My brother (make) many American friends since he(come) here.答案：sing wants wrote trying has made came【实义动词与助动词的用法】1.实义动词实义动词本身含有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立 作谓语。其分类及用法如下

4、：分类用法例旬按句 法功 能分及物动词本身意义不 完整，需要 接宾语才能 使意义完 整。Please open the window 请 打开窗户。不及物动词本身意义完 整，无需接 宾语。若不 及物动词要 接宾语，其 后需加适当 的介词。He works hard他努力工作。I like listening to music.我喜 欢听音乐。按动作 发生的 方式、 发生过 程的长 短分延续性动词表示能够延续的 动作，如：learn, work, keep, sleep, live 等， 可以与表示时间 段的状语（for+ 时间段，since+ 时间点，since从 句）连用。I have li

5、ved here for fi ve years我在这儿住 了五年了。非延续性动词也称瞬间动词， 表示不能延续的 动作，动作发生 后立即结束，如： open, die, begin, finish, come, borrow, lend, buy 等，不 能与表示时间段 的状语连用。I borrowed a book fro m the library.我从图 书馆借了一本书。2.助动词助动词不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词（主要是实义动词）一 起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式。常见助动词有be, do,have, will/shall等，具体用法如下：助动 词功能构成现在进行时

6、：am/is/are+现在分词例旬I am listening to music.我正在听音乐。bedo构成过去进行时：was/were+现在分词构成一般将来 时：am/is/are+goin g to+动词原形构成被动语态：be(am/is/are/ was/were)+过 去分词构成疑问句、 否定句 一般 现在时中用 do,does(单三I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在洗澡。They are going to have a trip next mont h.下个月他们将要去旅行。Many trees are planted e

7、very year 每 年种植很多树。Do you like reading?尔喜欢阅读 吗？He didn ' go to school yesterday他 昨天没有去上学。式），一般过去时中用did构成否定祈使 句：Don' t动 词原形Don' arrive late for class上课不要 迟到。have构成现在完成时：have/has+过去分词I have taught English in the school f or three years.我已在这所学校教 了三年英语了。will/shall构成一般将来 时:will/shall+ 动词原形She

8、 will go to Beijing next Monday.下周一她将去北京。助动词在省略句中的运用为了避免重复，一些句子常常省略（前面提到过的）谓语动词，而用相应的 助动词代替此谓语动词，助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。这种用法也常 用于一般疑问句的简略回答中。如：She won' t go there, but I will(=but I will go there).用助动词 will 代替 will go thereDo you have a pen?Ye§ I do(=I have a pen).用助动词 do 代替 have a pen【考点训练2】用适当的助

9、动词填空。（注意否定形式）1 .I don t have a basketbal，l but my friend David .2.In England， tea appear until around 1660.3 .Although the man has a lot of money， it make him happy.4 .You catch the first bus unless you leave now.5 .This is the most interesting book I ever read.6 .A baby s first-month birthday is a

10、special event in China and with aspecial party. （）A.is celebratedB.is celebratingC.was celebratedD.celebrates答案： does didn t doesn t won t have A【系动词的用法】系动词用于连接主语和表语，表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。系动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语。英语中常见的系动词有：系动词词义例旬am/is/are。是He is my uncle他是我的叔叔。keep保持They always keep silent.M门总是保持沉

11、默stayThe bookstore stays open until 8:00 pm.这家书店会一直开到晚上八点。become变得He has become a member of this club.他已经成为这家俱乐吾阳勺会员。getIt is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。goIt is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。turnxThe leaves are turning yellow树叶正 在变黄。feel感觉； 摸起 来I feel tired.我感觉很累。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔 软。look看起 来My mother loo

12、ks very young.我的妈妈 看起来很年轻。smell闻起来The flowers smell sweet 这些花闻起来很香。sound来That sounds interesting用口听起来彳艮有 趣。taste尝起 来The soup tastes terrible这汤尝起来很 糟糕。【考点训练3】1 .What Mr.White said sounds(friend).2 .The children all looked at the broken model plane and felt quite.(sad)3 .The meat smells.Throw it away.

13、()A.wellB.goodC.badlyD.bad4 .When spring comes, trees begin to green.( )A.soundB.tasteC.keepD.turn5 .一Good morning.I' d like a birthday gift for my mother.What about this scarf? It is beautiful and it soft and smooth. ()A. feelsB.looksC.seemsD.becomes答案： friendly sadly sad D D A【动词短语】动词短语是指动词跟介词

14、或副词等构成的固定词组。1 . 动词短语的分类(1)动词 +介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如arrive at/in,ask for,come from,get to,laugh at,listen to,look after,wait for 等。(2)动词 +副词在此类动词短语中，宾语为代词 (宾格 )时，只能位于动词和副词之间；宾语为名词时，位于副词前后均可。如 find out,give up,put off,turn on,think over 等。(3)动词+副词+介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格 )只能位于介词后面。如 come up w

15、ith,get on/along with,go on with,look forward to 等。(4)动词 +名词 +介词在此类动词短语中，名词之前可加形容词来修饰，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如 make friends with,make use of,pay attentionto,take part in,take care of 等。2 .初中阶段常用的动词短语agree with 同意arrive in/at 到达ask for 要求begin with 以开始belong to 属于be made from/of 由制成break out （战争等）爆发brin

16、g back 恢复；使想起；归还call （ sb.）back （给某人）回电话call for 要求 ;需要call in 召来；叫来call up 打电话（给某人）；征召care about 关心 ;在意care for 照顾；非常喜欢check out 察看；观察cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up 打扫（或清除）干净cleanoff把擦掉come in 进来come out 出来；出版；（花朵）开花come on 快点儿come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）come back 回来come from 来自compare.with 比较；对比c

17、onnectwith把和连接或联系起来cut out 删除；删去cut down 砍倒；削减（开支）cut up 切碎deal/do with 应对；处理depend on 依靠 ;信赖 ;取决于die of 死于（疾病,饥饿 ,寒冷等内在原因）die from 死于（交通事故等外界原因）die out 绝种；灭绝die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失divideinto把分成dream of/about 梦想；想象drive sb.crazy/mad 使人发疯 / 发狂drop by 顺便访问；随便进入end up以结束fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着fall behind 落后fall

18、 down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall into落入;陷入里fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall off从掉下fall over 绊倒fight for 争取获得（权力、自由等）fight against 同对抗fight with和并肩作战find out 查明；弄清fix up 修理；装饰get dressed 穿上衣服get lost 迷路get married 结婚get on 上车get off 下车get over 克服get on/along with 和睦相处；关系良好get up 起床；站起来get into （trouble ） 陷入（困境中）ge

19、t in the way of挡的路；妨碍get out of离开；从出来get to 到达get used to 习惯于give away 赠送；捐赠give out 分发；散发give in （to sb. ） （向某人）屈服give up 放弃go along沿着走go through 通过；经受go over 复习go out of one' s way特地； 格外努力go up （价格）上涨；上升go against 违反go away 离开go to the/a doctor 去看医生go by （时间）逝去；过去go down （价格）下跌；（日、月）西沉go on （

20、with ） 继续进行go out 外出；熄灭go off （闹钟）发出响声go for a walk 去散步grow up 长大；成熟；成长hand in 上交；提交hand out 分发hang out 闲逛；常去某处have.in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同have to do with 关于； 与有关系have a break/rest 休息have a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧have a look 看一看have a stomachache 胃痛have a point 有道理hear of/about 听说hear from 收到某人的

21、来信hold on to 坚持hold up 举起hold on 别挂电话keep up with 跟上keep out不使进入keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep.away from 避免接近；远离keep on 继续；坚持下来keep one s cool 沉住气；保持冷静keep.to oneself 保守秘密kick sb.off 开除某人knock at/on 敲knock into 撞到某人身上laugh at 嘲笑lay out 摆开；布置learn about 获悉；得知learn from从/向学习leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略let

22、.down 使失望live on以为食live by靠生活look for 寻找；寻求look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看look through 快速查看；浏览look after 照料；照顾look at 看一看look out 当心look about/around/round 四下查看look forward to 盼望；期待look up to 钦佩；仰慕look back at 回首（往事）；回忆；回顾make sure 确保；查明make.feel at home 使（某人）感到宾至如归make a mess弄得一团糟（一塌糊涂）make an effort

23、 作出努力make one s own decision 自己做决定make one s way 前往；费力地前进make up 编造（故事、谎言等）；组成make a difference （to.）（对）有影响；有作用 mix up 混合pass by 路过；经过pay back 还钱pay for 付费；付出代价pay attention to 注意；关注pick up 拾起；接人；接电话；收听（节目）pick out 挑选prepare for为做准备put down 放下；写下put sth.to good use 好好利用某物put up 张贴；举起；搭起put out 扑灭put

24、 off 推迟putinto放进里put away 收起来放好put aside 放到一边put back 放回put on 穿上（衣服等）；增加（体重）；发胖；（戏剧）上演run after 追逐；追赶run away 跑开run out（ of） 用尽；耗尽search for 搜索；搜查sell out 卖光send out 发出；放出；射出send for 派人去请separate from 分离；隔开set up 建起；设立set out 出发；启程show up 出席 ;露面shut off 关闭；停止运转stand out 突显；引人注目stand up 起立；站起来stay u

25、p 不睡觉;熬夜stick to 坚持；固守talk about 讨论；谈论talk with/to和交谈talk back 回嘴；顶嘴take a message捎个 口 信； 传话takeseriously认真对待take place 发生；出现take after （外貌或行为）像take care of 照顾；处理take off 脱下（衣服等）；（飞机等）起飞take a risk/risks 冒险take away 拿走take part in 参加take up （尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做take down 拆除；往下拽；记录take a break/breaks 休息 tak

26、e in 吸入；吞入（体内）take pride in 为感至U 自豪take one s temperature 量体温take the place of/take one ' s place 代替take out the rubbish 倒垃圾think of 想起；考虑think about 思考；考虑think over 仔细考虑；反复掂量throw away 扔掉；抛弃try on 试穿try out参加选拔；试用turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开turn off 关掉（电流、煤气、水等）turn to翻到；转向求助turn down 调低（音量、亮度等）；拒绝t

27、urn back 往回走turn round 转过身来turn up 调高（音量、亮度等）o 变成wait for 等待；等候wake up 唤醒；弄醒；醒来work out （成功地）发展;解决worry about 为担忧write down 写下；记下【考点训练4】1 .Grandfather lives with us.We all _ him. （）A.look atB.look forC.look afterD.look like2 .As soon as she at home ， Sally knew she had bought the wrong dress

28、.（）A.handed it inB.tried it onC.cut it outD.made it up3 . Don t _ too late ， or you will feel tired in class. I won t ， Mum. （）A.call upB.wake upC.stay upD.get up红色是答案【中考示例】（2017 广西）You should your shoes before you enter the dance room.（）A.take offB.put offC.get offD.fall off【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在进入舞蹈室之前

29、你应当脱掉鞋子。 A 项意为“脱下（衣服等）” ；B项意为“推迟”；C项意为“离开；动身；下车”；D 项意为“跌落；减少”。【考题热身】1.（2017 云南）You' d better more time talking with your parents so that theycan understand you better. （）A.SpendB.takeC.costD.pay2 .（2017 云南）Tom,the baby is sleeping.Please the radio a bit.（）A.turn onB.turn offC.turn upD.turn down3 .（2017 安顺）If you try hard,your dream will. Yes,I . （）A.come true;willB.b