状语从句用法详解

1、1状语从句用法详解内容提要:一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句:1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as,on ce, till, un til, (ever) sin ce, whe n, whe never, while, now(that), as long as, as soon as。如：Now (that)youve grown up, you must stop this childishbehaviou

2、r.2Whe neverwe met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see us whenever you have time.People do not know the value of healthtill they lose it.2、有些词，女口 immediately, directly, instantly 等，当用于 as soon as意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如:I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister ca

3、me directly she got my message.The machi ne will startin sta ntlyyou press the butt on.I l telephone youdirectly I hear the news.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the (very) mome nt ( = as soonas ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the day, they

4、ear, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time 等， 也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I l tell you about itthe moment you come.I started the in sta ntI heard the report.The in sta nt she saw him she knew he was her brother.Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.3Im going to see himn ext tim

5、e he comes to Shen zhe n.4He left Europe the year World War II broke out.He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I l tell him the minute (that) he gets here.4.有些关联从属连词，如 no soonerthan / hardly when /scarcely whe n / barelywhe n 等，也能引导时间状语从句。

6、女口果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：She had no sooner heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.= No sooner had she heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.They had hardly started to workwhe nthe trouble began.= Hardly had they started to workwhe nthe trouble began.He had scarcely en tered

7、 the roomwhe n the pho ne rang.= Scarcely had he en tered the room whe n the pho ne rang.5二、地点状语从句:1、地点状语从句常用 where, wherever 来引导，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which;where 既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happe ns to be, Joh n can ma

8、ke himself at home.He will work wherever the people n eed him.Let mego wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).2、有时，-where 构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如:Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.Weilgoany where the Party directs us.6三、方式状语从句:1、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as thoug

9、h 来引导，如:You must do the exercises as I show you.Please do exactly as your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / thoughnothing had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behaving as though she hadn grown up.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as =

10、in theway in which), how, like 等来引导，如:Jean doesn do it the way I do.She is doing her work the way I like it done.You can do the job howyou like.The Ian dlord was watch ing him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes?7like 作连词的用法补充说明:1). Conjunction (informal)( 非正

11、式):in the sameway that; as同-样，如likethey cha nge clothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人2). as though; as if好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用 to such an extent that / to such a degree that ,tothe degree/ extent that, in so far as( 在的范围内”等来引导，如：The temperature rose to such an exten

12、t that the firemen had to leave thebur ning build ing.The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.8试比较:The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the9burning buildi ng.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引 出的结果，所以程度状语从句和

13、结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。At that time politicianswere not known to the degree that theyare today.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。Ill help you in so far as I ca n.我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句:1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because, since, 和 as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because 语 because 通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问

14、题时，只能用 because;在强调句型中也只能用 because 从 句，不能用 since, as 等，如：si nee 次之,as 又次之10Because I can see very well, I have to sit near the front.It was because he was illthat he didn go with us.It was because he was illthat he didn come. since 和 as 引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说 话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since 和 as 只是一种附 带的说明

15、原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed.Since he can a nswer the questi on, you better ask some one else.As / Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Since you insist, I will reconsider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for 是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因

16、果关系时，可以和 because 换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时, 不能用because 代替，如：He couldn have seen me, because / for I was not here.The gro und is wet, for / because it rained last ni ght.It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.11 because 之前可以加上 simply, only, just 等强调词，如:You shouldn get angry just because

17、 some people speak ill of you.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now (that),see ing (that), con sider ing (that), for the reas on that, by reason that, forfear that, that等，如：Now (that) (= Si nee)you men ti on it, I do remember.Now(that) he is absent, youll have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Sinee) the rain

18、has stopped, let start.Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, let have dinner.She didn go for fear that she would get lost.He has done very well, eon sideri ng (that) he has no experie nee.I haven finished writing the report yet,not that (= notbecause) I dislike the work, but that (= but because

19、) I have not time.Con sideri ng that they are just beg inn ers, they are doing quite a goodjob.3、在“主语+ be +形容词+ that ”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示感情的形容词，这时 that 可以看作原因状语从句，如：12harvest.I m glad (that)you are all right.Weare sure thatour team will win.Im pleased thatyou have decide

20、d to come.六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he did n come.He didn come because he was ill.1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that等，例如：He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.We are glad that (= because)we have reaped a

21、no ther bumper13The book is written in such simple Englishthat we beginnerscan understand it without much difficulty.It was such a bad accidentthat several people got injured.His dilige nee was such that he made great progress.He didn plan his time well, so that he didn finish the work in time.She w

22、orried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、应注意的几个问题：1在非正式文体中，由 sothat, such (a)that 引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词 that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主 句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly sta nd.Peter is such a good boy (,) (that) he is loved by e

23、verybody.You walk so fast (that) I can keep pace with you.We left in such a hurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him.2当 so 修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：His heart beat soAthat he could hardly breathe.She worried soAthat she could hardly eat her supper.143当 so 位于句首时，

24、主句的语序应倒装，如:So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.15七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有： so that, in order that, that,so。否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that来引导。目的状语从句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should 等情态动词，如：Bri ng it closer(s

25、o) that I may see it better.I put dow n his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may un derstand well.Well sit nearer the frontso we can hear better.( 非正式或口语)16The driver looked over the engine carefully gowrong on the way.Please remi nd

26、me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)it rains/ it may rain / it should rain.He left early in case he should miss the train.2、so that / so 既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从 句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断1凡在讲话时，so that / so 从句之前有停顿，在文字中 so that / so 从句之前有逗号

27、，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：Weall arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly.(结果状语从句)Wellcome at eight so (that) the meet ing can begi n early.( 目的状语从句)2有时，由 so that 或 so 引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号， 这时，就要看从句中有没有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should 等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多 半是结果状语从句，如：lest it (s

28、hould)17I am going to the lecture early(目的状语从句)I went to the lecture earlyso that I got a good seat.( 结果状语从句)3目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如:So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through amicrophone.(目的状语从句)Joh n spoke through a microph one so that he was heard in everyroom.(结果状语从句)八、条件状语从

29、句1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that) (仅在问句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as,so far as, on con diti on (that), provided (that)等，例如：In case he comes, let me know.so that I get a good seat.18You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleve pletely.I willcome ag

30、ain tomorrow provided (that)I have time. (= if)Suppos ing (that)it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Unless you tellhim yourself,helllose faith in you19Wlet you use the roomon con diti on that / provided thatyou keep it clean and tidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and,如:Come tomorrow, and I will te

31、ll you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and he take amile.(=If you give him an in ch, he注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或 otherwise ，女口:Hurry up, or (else) you be late.Make up your mind, or you miss the cha nee.Start at once,or / otherwise you miss the train.(=If you dont start at once,

32、you miss the train.)(= Uni ess you start at on ce, you miss the train.)3、if only 是 if 的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望，但愿，真 希望”如：If only it clears up, we go.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.take a mile.)20如果有人告诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注：if only 引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表 示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：If onlyhe come

33、s in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If onlyhe didn drive so fast. (= I wish he didndrive sofast.)If only I hadn been late for work.(=I wish I had n bee n late for work.)4、在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主 句通常带有情态动词，如：If you move I l shoot you.If I press this butt on, what will happe n?If you come

34、you can see it.If you finish early, you maygo.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完 成时或现在进行时，如：I will retur n the book on Mon dayif I have read it .The police won take your car away if you are sitting in it.21注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will /22shall ,如：If you will read the book, Illet you have it.If you will

35、help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“ should +不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要米取不同形式，如:If he should hear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you should hear the n ews, please let us know.If you should be in terested, Il t

36、ell you the whole story.If it should rai n , we had better stay in doors.If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：在正式文体中，可用 should I (we, you etc) 代替 If I (we, you etc.)should ，如：Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Should you s

37、ee my mother, tell her I am quite well.6、非真实条件句：1当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或23were 型虚拟式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might +不定式，如：If I were you, I should con suit a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be differe nt in a nu mberof ways.2当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用 wo

38、uld / should / could / might + 不定式完成式，如:If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded .If he had take nhis doctor advice, he might not have died3当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were / was to + 不定式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might +不定式，如：What would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He would n d

39、o ituni ess you were to order him to.4在正式文体中可用“ were +主语”等倒装结构代替“ if +主语+were”等结构；“ had +主语+ ed 分词”代替“ if +主语+ had + ed 分词”结构，如：Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Joh n to go to the uni versity, he would have to work hard.24Hadthe captain been more careful,his ship would not have bee

40、nsunk.Hadit not bee n for the expe nse, I7、uni ess 与 if not 的用法比较：If you do n start at once, you will miss the train.Uni ess you start at on ce, you will miss the train.uni ess 在意义上相当于 ifnot ，在有些场合两者可以交替使 用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况:1当 ifnot 引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用 unless，例如：If she werent so silly, she w

41、ould understand.（事实上她很傻，改成 Un less she were so silly含义为她不傻）If I hadn stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事实上我阻止了她，改成 Un less I had stopped her含义为我没有阻止她。）2un less 表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用and 连接两个unless 从句，而 ifnot 则不受此限，如：She won lose weightif she does not keep a diet and if sheshould have gon

42、e to Italy.25does not take exercises every day.Shewon lose weight uni ess she keeps a diet and takes exercisesevery day.(不说：uni ess she keeps a diet and uni ess she takes exercises everyday.)3unless 从句中可用否定词，而 if not 从句中不可再加否定 词，因此在 unless 引导的否定从句中，不可用 if not 代替 uni ess ，如：I will gouni ess no one el

43、se does.I will go if no one else does nXDonask me to expla in uni ess you really donu ndersta nd.Donask me to expla in if you really not donu ndersta nd.X4在 ifnot 从句中通常用非肯定词，而在 unless 引导的肯定形 式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：I will be very angryif you haven spoken to her yet.I will be very angryuni ess you h

44、ave already spoke n to her.九、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的主要连词有although, though, as, even26though / if 等。He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。They will stand by youeven if you fail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你注意：although/though 不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet, still 等连用。例如。Though it was raining hard, yet they went on p

45、laying football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2. as 引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原 形要置于句首；though 引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词, 不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有 may 或 might。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3. when 和 while 也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例如:While they are my n eighbors, I do not know them well.27虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。4. whetheror可引导让步状语从句，意为：不管是.还是不论是否。例如：28You will have to attend