牛津高中英语必修一Unit1基础知识

1、牛津高中英语必修一 Unit 1 单词讲解1. attend vt. / vi. 1 ）出席 , 参加 , 2）上 （大学等 ）,就读 3）照料 ;护理 ;侍候 vt: attend+ noun （ 会议、聚会、讲座，上课 ）He did not attend the meeting yesterday.（go to ; be present at 参加或出席 ）Dr Smith attended her in hospital. （ look after ）vi: attend on/upon sb. 看护，照料（某人）attend on a patient2.assemblyU集会，会议t

2、he right of assembly 集会权 assembly rooms 会议室Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行 .3.earn vt. to get something by working 获得，赚，赚得He earns 10,000 a year.earn one s living / make one ng 谋生 liviShe earned her living by working in a supermarket.earn fame / praise / respect 获得名誉 /赞扬 / 尊敬T

3、he young player earned his place in the team by training hard.4.respect v.遵守，尊敬；敬重；钦佩；n.（与 of, for 连用）尊敬；尊重we d better respect others feeli ngs.I respect him for his honesty. （ 尊敬，钦佩 ） show / have respect /to /for sb. = respectsb.The young should show respect to those who are older. 年轻人应该尊敬长者。 gain/

4、 win/ earn respect 博得钦佩respects （pl） 敬意；问候 Give my respects / regards to your wife.respectful adj. （主动）表示尊敬的，恭敬的respectfully adv. 尊敬地 , 谦恭地respectable adj. （被动）值得尊敬的，体面的The teacher is _ , so we are all _ to him. （respectable, respectful）5.achieve v. 取得，实现achieve all one s goals 达到目标achievement n. 成就

5、 , 功绩6.average n. 一般的，普通的，平均的The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.4、8 和 60 的平均数是 24。The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. （ 平均年龄 ）These marks are well above average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上 .on （an） average 通常；按平均7.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的challenge vt. 向.挑战challenge sb. toHe challenged me to play a

6、nother football match. 他向我挑战要我跟他再进行 Itis challenging for me to solve this problem by myself.8.extra adj. 额外的；外加的；附加的 adv. 超过一般地；特别地extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬场足球比赛Can I have extra time to finish my work? （ 额外的 ）an extra strong box 加固的箱子Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors. （特别

7、地）9. prepare v. to get ready or to make sb. / sth. ready 准备；使有备 prepare sb. /sth. for sth. prepareto do sth.The team prepared themselves for defeat / to accept defeat. 这个队心理上做好了接受失败的准备。prepare to meet your fate 准备面对命运 be prepared for sth. 对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）作好准备 I knew there were problems, but I was not

8、prepared for this! 我知道有些问题 , 却未料到这一点 !preparation n. 准备 , 预备be in preparation 在准备中 ; 在编辑中 in preparation for 作为 .的准备make preparations for 为 .作准备make preparations against 为对付 .作准备10. drop v. 放弃，落下 , , 断绝（往来）He seems to have dropped most of his friends. （ 断绝往来 ）He dropped everything and helped. （ 半途停止

9、 ）Where shall I drop you? （ 让某人下车 ）Drop over to our house for a visit sometime. （drop in / by /over 顺便走访 ） Our car dropped behind.（ 落后 ） n. 滴；点 ; 下降；落下；下跌eye drops 眼药水a drop in the price of wheat 小麦价格下跌11. miss v. 思念 , 想念，错过 n. 小姐 , 姑娘 Everybody will miss him very much. （思念） missed thebus 误公共汽车。 mis

10、s a chance 错过一次机会Her daughter was chosen as Miss Hong Kong six years ago. （小姐，姑娘） missing adj. 不见的 , 缺少的a missing person 一个失踪人员12. field n. 1） 运动场，操场 2） 田地，原野 3）领域，专业 The World Cup was holded in this field.（运动场） They were working in the cotton fields.（ 田地，原野 ） He is a prominent scholar in thefield o

11、f linguistics. （领域，专业）13. experience n. 经历，阅历 C 经验 ,体验 U（+of/in）I had a rather odd experience the other day. （经历） She had no experience of life at all. （经验）Please tell us your _ in America.Have you had any _ of teaching English?14. article n. C 1 ） 文章， 论文 2） 商品， 物品 3） 条款， 条文 He has written an articl

12、e for the magazine.（文章）She had several articles of clothing in her bag.（商品一件）Article 15 of the constitution dealswith this problem. （条款）15. introduce vt. （与 to 连用）介绍 ; 倡导；提倡；引进 He introduced his friend to me.to introduce a new subject in a school introduction n. 介绍 , 传入 , 初步 , 导言16. immediately adv.

13、 & conj. 立即； 即刻She came immediately.她立刻就来了。I came immediately I heard the n ews.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。immediate adj.立即的；即刻的in the immediate future在不远的将来take immediate action立即采取行动最近的17. former adj.从前的，以前的in former times 从前 the former world champion 前世界冠军the former the latterWe used to insist on the dif

14、ferenee between love and liking. The former seemed much more beautifulthan the latter. former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。former:过去曾经是 的、前任.” past:过去的” old 老的、从前的”。例女口：former preside nt 前总统past experie nee 以往的经验my old school 我的母校18. recently adv.最近It is only quite rece ntly that I started pai ntin g.

15、 我只是在最近才开始绘画的。recent adj.新近的，近来的19. develop v.培养，养成，发展，发达，发扬，进步Try to develop good readi ng habits.要养成良好的阅读习惯。to develop an idea 详细地说明一个概念Her frien dship with David developed slowly.她与戴维的友谊发展缓慢。20. display v.陈列，展览，显示 n.陈列，展览，显示The cakes were displayed in the window. 糕点陈歹 U 在橱窗中。The work was on displ

16、ay.作品正在展出。21. attention n.注意，关心，关注，注意力，（，（口令）立正！Your suggesti on has come to our atte nti on. 我们已经考虑了你的建议。to pay atte nti on to （do ing） sth.Please pay atte nti on to tak ing care of your baby. 请注意照顾好你的小孩 .to stand at attention 立正站着22. please vt.请，使高兴，使喜欢，使满意，合.的心意，是.的意愿 vi.令人高兴，讨人喜欢What pleases you

17、 best?你最喜欢什么？She is always an xious to please. 她老是极力想讨好人。23. title n.头衔，名称，标题，vt.赋予头衔，加标题于 adj.标题的，用作书名的the title of a book 书名an official title 官衔the title page 标题页A doctor has the titlein Drofhis name.医生的名字前有“ Dr 这个称呼He deserves the title of poet. 他不愧为诗人。24. cover n.盖子，封面，藉口 vt 履盖，铺，掩饰 vi.覆盖，涂，代替th

18、e cover of a pot / book / magaz ineHe read the book from cover to cover.他看完了本书。（从头到尾一页不漏）The soldiers crept forward un der the cover of dark ness.士兵在黑夜的掩护下向前爬行。（在掩护下；打着的幌子）cover the table with a cloth把桌子铺上台布Lies cannot cover up facts. 谎言掩盖不住事实25. regret n. 遗憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意 vt. 遗憾, 惋惜; 抱歉悔恨 , 懊悔悼念 , 哀悼

19、; 怀念 with regret 很抱歉地I regret （to say） that. 我很遗憾 .; 很抱歉 .It is to be regretted that . 使人遗憾的是 .; 真可惜 .I regret to tell you that my friend is ill. 遗憾地告诉你 , 我的朋友病了To this day I do not regret having made that remark. 说了这话 , 我至今不后悔。regret to have done./ having done / doing26. inform v.（of/about）通知，告诉，获悉

20、，告知I beg to inform you that . 谨通知 .be well informed about sth. 对某事消息灵通be informed of 听说 ; 接到 .的通知keep . informed 随时向 .报告情况inform against /on upon sb. 告发某人 , 检举某人27. run vi. 跑，奔，逃跑，vt. 使跑，参赛，追究run the danger of 冒 风险急切的要求run across 偶然遇到run after 追逐，追踪追求（女性）run out （常与 of 连用）用光；耗尽28. host n. 主人 vt，作东，作

21、为主人招待the host city 主办城市Beijing will host the 29th Summer Olympic Games in 2008.北京将于 2008 年主办第 29 届奥运会。Which country hosted the Olympic Games for the most times?29. approve vi.赞成，满意（常与 of 连用）I dont approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes.vt. 批准 , 通过 approve

22、a plan / bill / accounts 核准帐目30. broadcast n. 广播，播音 v. 播撒（种子），广播，（无线电或电视 ）广播，播送，播放the news broadcast 新闻广播31. close adj. 靠近的；近的；接近的（常与 to 连用） n. 结束 v. 关，结束，使靠近 close to home接近事实Its very close in here. Would you mind opening the window?这里面太闷了 , 把窗子打开好吗 ?a close friend 一位亲密的朋友a close game （race,contest

23、） 一个势均力敌的比赛What she said was very close to home. 她说的情况非常接近事实。32. continue v. 使继续 ;使延伸 +v-ing+to-vI was allowed to continue using the library. 我获准继续使用该图书馆。They continued to meet every week. 他们继续每周见面。33. poem n. 诗，象诗一样，美丽的东西He wrote a poem about war. 他写了一首关于战争的诗。poetry n.诗, 作诗法, 诗意,诗情 a book of poetry

24、 / a poetry book 诗集34. select vt.选择, 挑选（choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable）adj.精选的 I wasselected for the team. 我被选入这个队。select a gift, candidate, wine 挑选礼物、 候选人、 葡萄酒 select peaches 优等桃子be select in choosing ones friends 择友谨慎 selected adj. 经由选择的 , 挑选的selected works 选集 selected poems

25、 诗选selection n. 选择, 挑选, 选集, 精选品35. require vt. 需要 , 要求, 命令We did all that was required of us. 我们做了要求我们所做的一切。The emergency requires that it should be done. 情况紧急 , 非这样做不可。 do as the law requires 按法律办事require sth. of sb. 对某人有 .的要求require sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事 require vt. 需要 , 要求 , 命令The floor requires

26、washing. 地板该洗了。requirement n. 需求, 要求, 必要条件 , 需要的东西 , 要求必备的条件36. scary adj. 引起惊慌的scare v. 惊吓, 受惊, 威吓 n. 惊恐 , 恐慌, 恐惧scared, scaring 1）（常与 of, to 连用）恐吓，惊吓；使受惊；惊恐I was scared of the big dog.我害怕这条大狗。2）（常与 away, off, up 连用）把 吓跑The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把贼吓跑了。牛津高中英语必修一Unit 1 词组、句型讲解重点词组：1. 感到轻松fee

27、l at ease18 在午餐时间at lunchtime2. 一次令人愉快，激动的经历19. 免费的for freean enjoyable and exciting experience免费的free of charge3. 对 .感到满意be happy with20. 每星期二晚上on Tuesday evenings4. 意味着mean doing21. 放弃一些科目drop some subjects5. 打算做mean to do22 .一个具有挑战的任务a challenging task6. 参加晨会attend assembly某事对某人有挑战be challenging

28、for sb7. 在旁边next to23 体验不同的生活方experience a different8. 赢得某人的尊重earn respect（from）way of life尊重某人show respect to /for24.在.开始at the beginning of9.做的方法/途径the way to do/ of doing25 .准备食物prepare food10 获得高分achieve high grades为做准备prepare for / make11. 听起来像sound likepreparations for12.在过去的一年in the past year

29、26. 向做自我介绍introduce oneself to13.正常规模the average size27. 对感兴趣be interested in14.平均on average28. 在学校人口处at the school entrance15.起初at first29. 一直往前走go straight16.首先first of all30. 走过go past17.进步很快improve a lot31.从和之间走过 go between and -32. 在校园里on campus33. 对有用be available (for)34. 全年all year round35. 网

30、络接口Internet access36. 网上冲浪surf the Internet37. 大量的设备 lots of pieces of equipment38. 前者后者the former the latter39.从毕业graduate from40.有很多机会了解have many chances tolearn about41.一位有经验的护士an experienced nurse42. 一.就upon/on doing43培养对的兴趣develop an interest in44 把捐赠给don ate .to.45.向展示display sth to46.因感谢某人tha

31、nk sb for sth47.劳驾thank sb to do48 客座演讲者a guest speaker49.发表演讲make a speech50.错过机会miss the chance to do51.提到/提及refer to52.不仅仅，超过more than53.难以取悦be hard to please54.注意pay attention to吸引某人的注意attract onesattention /catch one s eyes55.把和.作比较compare with 56.订购一册order a copy57.在封底on the book cover58.遗憾做re

32、gret to do59.通知某人某事inform sb of sth60.创办学校俱乐部start a school club61.允许某人做某事allow sb to do sth62.赞同某人的想法approve one s idea63.时事新闻recent news64.亲密的朋友close friends65 朗读给听read out to66.挑选诗歌select poems67.要求某人做某事require sb to do sth68.生态平衡keep a balance of nature69.对负责be responsible for70.由组成con sist of /

33、 be made up of71.以为基础be based on72.一代又一代 from generation to generation73.过去常常74.在开放日75.在学校的操场上76.被取代77.代替78.做一个决定79.提出，想出80.轮流做 .used to do at theopen day on theschool field bereplaced by insteadof make a decisioncome up with taketurns to do重点句型：1. Going to a British high school for one year was a v

34、ery enjoyable and exciting experience for me.去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。Going to a British high school for one year 动名词短语作句子的主语。动词的现在分词和过去 分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同,现在分词作定语常表示令人”、正在.”例如 exciting news, sleeping dogs;过去分词则有被动或完成的意思，常表示 感到.的”、被.的”例,如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.2. I was very h

35、appy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and endsabout 3.30 p.m.我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午 9 点开始上课，下午 3 点半左右放学。 be happywith=be pleased with=be satisfied with,around=about。3. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. 这意味着我

36、可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校 8 点钟上课。mean: 意味着 , 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.mean: 打算 , mean to dohad meant to do: 本打算做某事，而事实上没做成eg: I had meant to help you, but I was busy the

37、n.means: 方法，手段by this means:通过这种方法4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve highgrades.他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。The best way to do sth is to结构用来表. 达做某事的最好方法是 ., 例如 :The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.5. I found

38、the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bitchallenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多， 但一开始对我有些挑战性， 因为所有作业都是 英语的。as.as,否定形式：not as.as, not so中间 as 形容词或副词，一般要连接两个相同的句子成分 , 请比较下面两句话 :You hate him as much as I (=You

39、 hate him as much as I hate him).You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).used to 过去常常 , 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如 :She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).used to 过去常常做某事，它的否定形式是 usednt to/ didn t use to 注意： get/be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于 .6. Cooking was

40、 really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. 当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。fun 是不可数名词 ,有趣的事情7. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article. 就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。do、 did 在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。 eg: Do call me, please.School life (分块整理)another three days th

41、ree other days three more days a time ofhard worklow-rise buildings (be) at ease with dream school life have noexperience in doing/be inexperienced in be happy with/be pleasedwith/ be satisfied with school hours than usualattend assembly/a meeting next tothe rules of the school the best way to do ea

42、rn respect from respectsb./show respect for sb. achieve high grades sound like (a good idea)class teacher on average not as as used to doa bit/a little / 例 a bit challenging not a bit not a littlespend (in) doing /on at lunchtime for free/free of charge on Monday evenings hold aclass party drop some

43、 subjectssuch as /for example/for in sta neemain mealon school field/in the field ofdifferent way of life get a general idea of word by wordencourage to do Welcome-reading1. 另外三天2. 努力工作的时代3. 低矮的建筑4.（与某人在一起）自由自在5. 理想的校园生活6. 没有的经验7. 对很高兴、满意8. 作息时间9. 比以往10. 参加集会、会议11. 紧挨、紧靠12. 校纪校规13. 做的最好方法14. 赢得的尊敬15. 尊敬某人16. 取得好的成绩、高分17. 听起来好像18. 班主任19. 平均20. 不如21. 过去常常（现在不这样了）22. 有点23. 一点也不24. 非常25. 在上花费（时间、金26. 午餐时间27. 免费的28. 每逢星期一晚上29. 开班会30. 放弃一些科目31. 比如、例如32. 正餐33. 在操场上、在领域34.