动词的时态语语态整理

1、动词时态与语态在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。.般现在时1. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态，表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, nowand then, from time to time seldom, sometimes,frequently, every day/week/year ,on Sunday(s), He always takes a walk

2、after supper.Every one is in high spirits now.一般现在时的构成：谓语直接用动词，但如果主语是第三人称单数的时候要进行变化。变化规则如下：一般直接在后面加 s 2.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i+es 3.以o,s, sh,ch,结尾的加es肯定句：主语 + 动词(s)+(宾语)We play football every after noon. Jack watches TV on Saturday eve ning.否定句：主语 +don t/doesn 动词原形 +( 宾语)+ Tom doesn clean his room in the mo

3、rning.They don goto the library on Mon day.一般疑问句：Do/Does+ 主语 + 动词原形 + ？Does she live in Wuha n? Do you read En glish every morning?特殊疑问句：疑问词 +do/does+主语+动词原形+？When does he go to school every day?How do they help their frien ds?改错：1.He is often comes late. 2. I am miss my families. 3. I bought this r

4、adio here yesterday, but it isn twork. 4.The baby is healthy, but every now and the n he catch a cold.I.How ofte nAndy(surf) the in ternet?2._ your motherthe piano every Sunday?翻译：1.我不具备学习品质2.We usually go back in the evening./We are usually back in the evening2. Tom每天早晨都在记单词2 表示客观事实或普遍真理The sun ris

5、es in the east and sets in the west.。 Time and tide wait for no man.3. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 1)This cloth feels soft. 2) I love classical music.3) The Preside nt still seems able to find time to go fish ing.4)All the stude nts here bel ong to No.1 Middle School.5)The bottle hold a quarter of a pound of ink一

6、般现在时的特殊用法1. 一般现在时表将来动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。用于谈论时间表，节目单，或日程表上锁安排好的事情比如说上课，飞机起飞，火车离站等.The train leaves at six tomorrow morningThe meet ing begi ns at 7:00.Whe n does the bus start? It starts in ten mi nu tes.We leave here at 8:00 sharp.The expre

7、ss from Beiji n to sha nghai(leave) at 8:452. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 if, unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句； when, before, after, once, until, till, as soon as(the moment, immediately)等引导的时间状 yno matter what/who/which/when/where/how 或 whatever/whoever/whichever/whe never/ wherever /however 弓丨导的让步状语从句。Whe n you

8、 come n ext time, bring me some magaz in es. If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.Will you help me to look for an important file I left in my office this morning immediately you(arrive)?三现在进行时：由is/am/are+doing构成1. 表示目前(说话的瞬间)正在进行的动作。A: What are you doing? B: I am working at my new project.They

9、 are reading magazines in the library at the moment.2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或者现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)Mr. Green is writing another novel.doing 的变化规则：1).直接 +inghelp_helping 2.)以 e 结尾的去掉 e+ingleave_leaving3. )以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写其辅音字母再+ing put_putting stop_stopping一个 m 两个 d 两个 d 和 g (swim )(rod ,rid ) (dig,b

10、eg)三 n 四 p 十 t(run, win, begin) (dip, drop, mop, stop)( sit, hit, fit, let, set, get, put, reget ,forget, pat)翻译：1这些天我的弟弟正在读一本有趣的小说。2. 我们正在上英语课3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.翻译：手机在学生当中变得越来越受欢迎。他跑的越来越快4现在/过去进行时可以和always,

11、 constantly, forever, all the time, continually等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦、愤怒、抱怨等情感。1) He was constantly leaving his things about. 2) He is always working hard.3) Theyre forever quarrelling about something.翻译：1你总是在改变主意2 你总是忘记重要的事情5. go, come, leave, start, stay, arrive, begin, return,等少数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的

12、瞬间动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排好的将要进行的动作。一般都带有表示未来的状语Im leaving tomorrow Are you staying here till next week?Were moving to the new building next week六、现在完成时(have/has+过去分词构成)否定句在 have/has后面+not,疑问句将have/has提前。1. 表过去发生的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。(做了)常与just, already,yet recently, ever连用.They have (already) come back.

13、Has the plane arrived (yet)? We haven t cleaned our classroom.4) I have bought a book. When did you buy it?My father has just come back from Wuhan.2. 过去发生的某一个动作一直延续到现在而且还有可能继续进行下去。这时常和表一段的时间状语连用.(for/since引导的状语)I have lived here for three years.He has worked in/at that factory for 10 days.I have tau

14、ght in this school since 1990. He has worked here since he came back from Wuhan.现在完成时的固定句型：1) It/ This/ That s thfirst/second/thirdtime th从句中2) in/during/for/over the past/last+段时间的状语连用时3)so far 4)up to now/up till now/by now/ eversince/these days5)表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作，已成为某种经验常与several times, once/twice/

15、three times/many times等频度畐U词连用时 a. I have found him in the bar several times. b. He has been to Paris twice.c. We have seen the film three times.某些时间状语女口 during/in/over the last/past +段时间， ever since, so far, up to now, these days等常与现在完 成时连用。Whether he agrees or no t, I will stay at home.If it(not r

16、ain) tomorrow, they(go) fishing.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has increased五：现在完成进行时 ：have/has been doing1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，现在可能刚刚结束，也可能仍要继续。1) _Look! It is snowing. Yes. It has been snowing for half an hour.2) 1 have studied Eng

17、lish for six years.(此时没有学)I have been studying English for 3 hours, so I want to have a rest very much.(此时正在学)六、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或者存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语连用。tomorrow, soon, next year,t he day aftertomorrow, from now on 1. shall/will+do(否定句在 will 后面加 not,will not=won 疑问句将 will 提前。)He will buy a bike next week.

18、We won t clean our classroom tomorrow.Will they build a house next year? Yes,they will./No,they won t.When will you write to him ?1) shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称Will you please answer my question?2. be going to do (be is/am/are)(准备、打算做某事)I am going to write 200 words tomorrow

19、.They aren t going to have a meeting next week.Are you going to watch TV this evening?When is Xiao Fang going to get married?1) be going to do是事先考虑/打算做某事，而shall/will do表示事先未考虑的意图。 说话时临时做出的决定表示不受人的主观意愿影响的单纯的将来，一般只用will结构 Tomorrow will be Teacher day be to和be going to的用法之比较：be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be go

20、ing to则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排 )I m sorryhave forgotten to post your letter. - It doesn t matter.I will post it myself.2) 某种客观迹象预示即将会 用 be going to Look at the cloud !It is going to rain heavily.3) 按自然规律必然会 用 wil

21、lWe will die when we are old./Man will die.3. be to do 1)表示(按计划、安排)打算、将要做 A new hospital is to be built here.You are to visit the Great Wall first4. be about to do表示即刻就做，正要做，不和表将来的时间状语连用。常用于下歹U句型：was/were about to do whenwas/were on the point of doingwhen5 .按照时间表、时刻表、计划表将要发生的动作常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。My plan

22、e to Wuhan takes off at 3p.m.The fourth class begins at 11:15.will 和 be going to 填空 1tbe Wednesday tomorrow2. Bettywrite to her grand ma next week3. you please give him the letter 4. Inever do that again5. She has bought some cloth; shemake herself a dress 6. oh, what a heavy box! I can t lift it.Wh

23、at! Icarry it for you七:一般过去时1表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,two years ago,last week,in 1990, the other day, the day before yesterday 谓语动词用动词的过去式表示。过去式的变化规则：1.直接+ed 2.以e结尾的+d3.辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i+ed 4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写其辅音字母再+ed 5.不规则变化肯定句：主语 + 过去式 + (宾语)+ They bought the house last year. 改错：S

24、he was wrote a letter yesterday. 否定句：主语 +didn+ 动词原形 + Tom didn t watch TV yesterday evening.改错:I wasn clean my bedroom this morning.一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ?Did you make a paper flower a few days ago?特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形+?What did you do yesterday?2. 所表达的事件与现在无关。3.即使是刚刚发生的事情也要用过去时。_ _欢迎下载一定要注意没有明显

25、过去时间的语境题：1.Please say it again. I didn t catch/understand you.2. You are here! I didn t knc3dt s you ! I didn t recognize you. 过去进行时：由 was/were+doing 构成(否定句在 was/were后面加 not,疑问句将 was/were提前)1. 表示过去某一特定时间正在进行的动作。(this time yesterday,at eight yesterday evening,)1)I was studying English this time yeste

26、rday. 2)Were you watching TV at nine yesterday evening?3) They were not playing basketball that time last week.2. 表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。1) What did you do yesterday?(你昨天做了些什么？)2) What were you doing yesterday?(你昨天在做什么？)He(write) a book last year.but I don t know whether he has finished it.3. 表过去某一动作发生的时候

27、另一动作正在进行。(过去某一动作用一般过去时，另一动作用过去进行时)1)Whenthe teacher came in ,we were watching TV.2) What were you doing when your mother left yesterday?要注意语境题： 1._Did you notice him come in just now?Sorry,I didn twas looking out of the window.2. _They have left._Have they? Sorry, I was playing football.八. 过去完成时：had

28、+过去分词1. 过去完成时表 过去的过去”可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，句中常用by, before,until, when等词引导的时间状语。1) .Before we arrived there, the train had left.2.When we arrived there, the train had left2) .Just now you told me you were from Wuhan. I had thought you were from Beijing3) n October, I remembered 200 words. 4.

29、 ) By/Before October, ,I had remembered 200 words.4) By the end of last year we had built five new houses.5) By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.2. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.3. 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expe

30、ct, mean, intend, want, think, suppose 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow.4. 过去完成时常用于虚拟条件从句和wish的宾语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。If we hadn t made adequate preparations , the conference wouldn

31、 t have been so successful.5. 过去完成时用于某些特殊结构It / This / That was the first / second time (that) +过去完成时It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.It was +段时间+ since+过去完成时It is / has been two months since I gave up smoking.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful timeno sooner

32、than或-hardly when的主句谓语要用过去完成时 含“ by过去时间点或“ by the time+般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时九. 过去将来时的用法表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。由“would +动词原形”构成。如：1. 常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。They were sure that they would succeed.过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：1. was/ were+ going to+动词原形He said he was going to try.2. was/were + to+动词原形They said the railway was to

33、 be opened to traffic on May Day .3. was/ were about + 动词原形We were about to go out when it began to rain .一、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）. 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在，或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.（现在不在了）My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.（目前还在珠

34、海）2）.过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. （since 2000 表示从 2000 年至今，包括现在在内）I have just bought an apartment. （just 表示不确定的时间状语）二主动形式表被动意义24. My brother is an actor. He(appear )in several films

35、 so far. he father as well as25. his three children( go )skati ng on the froze n river every Sun day after noon in wi nter.26. My frie nd, who(serve) on the Intern ati onal Olympic Committee all his life, is retiri ng n ext mon th.27. Ladies and gen tleme n, please faste n your seat belts. The plane

36、.( take off)28. 1.won t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he(work)on it fomore than an hour.29.I have to go to work by taxi because my car( repair) at the garage.30. The con struct ion of the two new railway lines( complet)_by now.31. My cous in went to Can ada two years ago.He(w

37、ork )there for a few mon ths and the n went to America.32. Edward, you play so well. But I(not, know) you played the pia no.33. This is the first time went( see) a film in the cin ema together as a family.1. 系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get,

38、 grow, keep + 形 容词/名词，构成系表结构。The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad.2. need / want / require doing, be worth doing, be to blame 主动表被动。34. What is the price of petrol these daysOh, it(rise) sharply since last mon th.35.Over the past decades, sea ice(decrease )in the

39、Arctic as a result of global warm ing36.ln the last few years thousa nds of films( produce )all over the world.37.All visitors to this village ( treat )with kindness.单句改错t decid 斜The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing.3. 在“ be +形容词+ to do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isn t f

40、it toThengirl isn t easy to get along with.在解题时要注意以下几个问题：1. 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？2. 这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束(完成)？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？3. 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？I 适当形式填空 1.Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He (do) it this morning.2. Let s keep to the point or we(not,reach)any decisio

41、ns.3. The window is dirty. I kno w. It(no t,clea n) for weeks.4.I (ask) you not to move my dictionary now I can t find it.5. What s the terrible noise The neighbours(prepare) for a party.6. he number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _(persuade) to eat more fruit and veg

42、etables.7. All the employees except the man ager( en courage ) to work on li ne at home.8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy( con sider ) going back to school, but she has n9. What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work andstart) to take a shower.10. The teacher, with 6 gir

43、ls and 8 boys of her class,( be ) visit ing a museum whe n the earthquake struck.II. More patients( treat ) in hospital this year than last year.12.She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book(reach) 50 million.1. The teacher told that the sun rose in the east. 2. I will speak to

44、him whe n I will see him next Sun day.3. I will get everythi ng ready before my boss come back. 4. Does your mother has lunch at home?5. He was writing a letter at the moment, I believe. 6. He cant be waiting us.7. I am look ing at the sky, and I see a stra nge star.8. I have nt see n her since two

45、mon ths.9. She has gone to Beijing several times.10. Jane is doing some cleaning this time yesterday.B 级 1. If it wont rain, we will go to visit the zoo.2. The new secretary will supposed to report to the man ager as soon as she arrives.3. When I was at college I spoke n three foreig n Ian guages, b

46、ut I had forgotte n all except a few words of each.4. The police found that the house has bee n broke n into and a lot of things stole n.5. The volleyball match will be put off if it rain. 6. Mary is mak ing a dress whe n she cut her fin ger.7. This is the first time I had been here. 8. You can join

47、 the club when you will get a bit older.9. Mother promised she will buy me a bike.10. - We could have walked to the station. It was so near.Yes. A taxi was nt at all n ecessary.I. His first nove receives good reviews si nce it came out last mon th.e most in structive lecture that I atte nded since I

48、 came to this school.3. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son graduated from college.4.It s high time that he do someth ing in stead of just talk ing.5.Shakespeare s play Hamlet has madeto at least ten different films over the past years.13. He kept look ing at her, won deri ng whethe

49、r he(see)her somewhere.14. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their weddi ng?No, I( not in vite) . Did they have a big weddi ng?15. Tur n on the televisi on or ope n a magaz ine and you(see) advertiseme nts show ing happy families.16. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Isla nd for he

50、r holiday. - Ob, how nice! Do you know whe n she(leave)?17. The crazy fans(wait) patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.18. The first use of atomic weap ons was in 1945, and their power(be)i ncreased eno rmously ever since19. Although he has lived with us for years,

51、 he(leave)us much impressi on.20.I arrived late; I( not, expect ) the road to be so icy.21. The hero s story(report)differently in the newspapers.22. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I( call) her now.23. He(lear n) more that 5,000 En glish words whe n he en tered the uni versit

52、y at the age of单句填空新课标新高考新模式语法集训专题九：名词性从句27. Doyou thi nk is right,they say.28t s known to usthere is pollution, there is harm.29.He made a promiseanyone set him free he would make him very rich.A . 2013真题演练1. 【2013 北京】 31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.2.

53、 【2013 北京】 33. Experts believepeople can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.30.It was at the very begi nningMr. Fox made the decisi onwe should send more firefighters here.31would appreciateif you call back this afternoon for the doctor s appointment.32、It is very excitingwe are p

54、assing the flame in Shenzhen now.（ 传递火炬 ）3. Do no t let any failures discourage you, for you can n ever tell4. 【2013江西】5. 【2013山东】6【2013陕西】7. 【2013四川】8. 【2013天津】9. 【2013新课标10【2013浙江】close you may be to victory.30.one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.30. It s good to knowthe dogs will

55、 be well cared for while we re away.20. It rema ins to be see nthe n ewly formed committee s policy can be put into practice.6.you said at the meeti ng describes a bright future for the compa ny.15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my pare nts.I 卷 26. Police have foundappea

56、rs to be the lost ancient statue.16. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total beliefyou are better tha n anyone33、What we feel excited iswe are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.34、We are excited about newswe are passing the flame in Shenzhen.35、The news36、The news37、The news38、The newsMr. Li will be our new En glish teacher is true.he told me yesterday is true.he told me is that Mike would go abroad next year Mike would go abroad n ext year is told by him.39、She expressed the hopethey would come to visit Shan ghai aga in.40、The hopeshe expressed