任务型阅读专项训练

1、任务型阅读专项训练AWomen need to pay attention to their own special risks. And so do men. Surprisingly, even children and teens need to be aware - or at least the parents who want to keep them safe do. Thankfully, scientists have also made great leaps in figuring out the specific prevention strategies that w

2、ork best for all. So now, knowledge is your best protection.What Men Need to KnowAccording to the American Heart Association (AHA), at least half of the people who die suddenly from heart disease each year had no clue they were sick. Some think that half of all heart attacks strike out of the blue.

3、Not true, insists Jennifer Mieres, a spokeswoman for the AHA. A 2004 study found that at least 90 percent of first heart attacks are caused by well-known problems like high cholesterol or diabetes. If you look closely, says he, youll almost always find a risk factor that was undiscovered, ignored, o

4、r not adequately treated.Lifestyle changes like adopting a healthy diet, getting out for regular exercise, avoiding tobacco, losing weight are the first line of defense.What Women Need to KnowThere are some special considerations for the woman whos healthy and wants to make sure she stays that way.

5、First, she shouldnt smoke-no one should, but the habit is even harder on a womans heart than it is on a mans.Women who find that they are at risk should talk to their doctor about taking astatin(他汀 ,药物名) . Indeed, statins halved the risk of cardiovascular disease, but theres been not enough evidence

6、 that they help high-risk women and it cant guarantee the long-term safety. So its worth noting that a healthy diet and exercise also reduce cholesterol( 胆固醇 ) and CRP.What Parents Need to KnowLast year, a study showed that obese(肥胖的 ) children and teens have arteries ( 动脉 )that look likethose of an

7、 average 45-year-old. New guidelines say these children should get a cholesterol test by age ten - and even urge doctors to consider statins for those most at risk if nothing else works.The recommendations caused oppositions. Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are the best strategy, says Dr

8、. Greer, a professor at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. Statins should be considered only for kids in danger.IntroductionWhat Men Need to KnowWhat Women Need to KnowTitle: The Family Guide to a Healthy HeartWomen, men and (1)should pay attention to their own specialrisks and keep som

9、e basic (2)in mind. Such problems as high cholesterol or diabetes(3)to most of firstheart attacks. They should(4)the lifestylesuch as adopting a healthy diet,exercise(5), avoiding tobacco and losing weight. (6)should be avoided whichwilldo more(7)to awomans heart than to a mans Statin cant(8)the lon

10、g-term safety.What Parents Need to Know A healthy diet and(9)can reduce cholesterol and CRP. Obese children and teens have arteries of an average 45-year-old. Childrenshouldchange lifestylewithouttakingstatinsunlessat(10).BHealth experts say cancer will becomethe leading cause of death in the world

11、bythe year twothousand ten. The number of people who die from cancer will soon be greater than deaths from AIDS and malaria combined. The experts say more people will die from cancer than heart disease, the current leading killer.One reason for the growing deadliness of cancer is more people smoking

12、 cigarettes in developing countries. Other things are believed to be closely related to the death. They include high fat diets, fast food meals and reduced physical activity.The American Cancer Society says governments can do things to help prevent the increase in cancer cases and deaths. One idea i

13、s to provide poor and developing nations with vaccines that help to prevent some cancer-causing infections.Another suggestion is more support for tobacco-control programs. And the Cancer Society also says health officials and governments should invest in cancer research and early detection.An Americ

14、an study has shown a link between tobacco smoke and behavioral problemsin boyswith asthma(哮喘 ). To be considered for the study, children were supposed to be close to cigarettesmoke at least five times a day. His study found the girls were breathing in more tobacco smoke than the boys. But there was

15、no increase in behavioral problems among the girls. For the boys, theresults were different. The more contact the boys had with tobacco smoke the more likely they were to have recognizable behavior problems. The boys also were more likely to have signs of emotional problems like anxiety and depressi

16、on. Their findings show that even low levels of smoke may cause behavior problems in children with asthma or others at risk.Kimberly Yolton was the lead writer of the report. She says there is no information to explain in detail why tobacco smoke causes behavioral problems in children with asthma. B

17、ut she says there is much evidence that nicotine in tobacco smoke affects the nervous system, and child development and behavior.Theme(2) for thephenomenonTwo (5)forgovernmentsResults of the ExperimentCancer to Become Worlds Leading KillerCancer makes more people (1)in the world than other diseases.

18、 More people (3)cigarettes in developing countries. Other things like high fat diets have (4)to do with people s health.They should: (6)poor and developing nations vaccines that help to preventsome cancer-causing infections. (7)tobacco-controlprograms more and (8)incancerresearch and early detection

19、. Behavior problems in children with asthma or others at risk can be(9)by low levels of smoke. Nicotineintobacco smoke has a clear(10)on the nervoussystem, and child development and behavior.CYou probably know what fast food is. It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public ea

20、ting place. It does not cost much.Most fast food restaurants are chain (连锁 ) restaurants. That means each one is part of a hugecompany. Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be easy to recognize from far away. Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods. E

21、ach kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain.The fast food industry began with two brothers in the nineteen forties. Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant. They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers. Pe

22、ople stood outside the restaurant at a window. They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat. They received and paid for their food very quickly. The food came in containers that could be thrown away. The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of

23、food and lower their prices.Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies. He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers idea. Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs. He opened the first McDonalds restaurant near Chicago in nineteen fifty-five. Soon,

24、 more McDonalds were opening all across the United States. Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed.Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising. Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a companys chain to an ind

25、ependent business person. If the company approves, the business person may buy the store for a period of years. Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales. Today, over seventy percent of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independen

26、t businessmen and women.McDonalds and fast food industryExplanationofIt is cooked food which is more convenient and much (1)than otherfast foodfood.Characters of theThere are:chain restaurants (2)recognized signs carefully (3)choice of foods the (4)tastes of food at every restaurant in the chain.(5)

27、ofIt developedfrom Mac and Dick McDonald s (6)but successfulMcDonaldsrestaurant which sold some kinds of simple food with (7)service fromothers.Greatchanges The McDonald brothers (8)Kroc to open several same restaurantsbroughtbyKrocwith theirs.to McDonalds Franchisingmade Fast foodrestaurants spread

28、 (9)in theUnitedStatesCurrent situationAt most (10)percent ofMcDonalds restaurants worldwideare notrun by independent businessmen and women.DTeamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations ( 调查 ) are almost always carried out by teams o

29、f people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared withother investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or mo

30、re of yourclassmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure aproductive and successful experience.What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve considerationand each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly,

31、 it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other bylistening, clarifying,and trusting one another. Mutualsupport and trust often mak

32、es a greatdifference.Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are somemore suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each groupmember understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactlywhen ,

33、why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other

34、group members.When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore theissue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. Af

35、ormat for exchanging information(e.g., photocopies of notes , oral discussion, etc.) is alsoimportant,for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makesyourself easily understood. When the time comesto make a decision and take a position on anissue, allow for the contribut

36、ions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.After you ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team s effectiveness the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.TitleWorking TogetherThemeG

37、eneral rules(4) _Explorean issueEffective performance needs highly cooperated (1) _. Keep an open mind to everyone s (2)_. Divide the group task among group members. (3) _ and trust each other. Understand and agree to the (5) _ task of onesown. Take turns doing various tasks. Show concern for others

38、 to ensure safety. Take (6) _ for one s own learning. Compare your own observations with those of others. Break the (7) _ into several areas. Keep records of the sources just in (8) _. (9) _ your information with others via properformat.(10) _effectiveness Make all decisions by compromise and agreem

39、ent. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses. Find out the opportunities and challengesEMaybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. Thisis not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here s how:1. Plan your time carefull

40、y. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your timefor eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Dontforget to set aside enough time for entertainment.

41、 A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but itwill force you to realize what is happening to your time.2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space,which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.

42、No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.3. Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher

43、 says.4. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going todiscuss the next day, read that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.5. Develop a g

44、ood attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you havelearned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world wontend ifyou don tpass a test, so don tbe overly worried.There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discoverma

45、ny others after you have tried these.How to become a better studentGeneral methodHow toA dvantagePlan your time carefullyMake a listForce you to realize(86)_ is happening to yourMake a (81) _timeFind a good place toFree of everything butYou can (87) _onstudystudy (82) _the subjectMake good use of yo

46、ur time in classListen to everything the teachers sayReally listening in class means (88) _ work laterStudy regularlyTaking (83) _Go over your notesDevelop a good attitude about tests(84)_materialDontbe(85)worriednew _Helpyou(89)_itbetter , remember it longerRemember your new(90) _FNew Year traditio

47、ns all around the world“ Happy New Year! ” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each otherover the next couple of weeks. But it wasn t always January 1 that marked the New Year. At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. I

48、n Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers fields. This happened at the end of September.The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle.The date January 1 was picked bythe Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of theye

49、ar when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peachblossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.Thailand has its specific New Year s date; it s different from the normal calendar. T