answer questions

1、Answer the following questions in English.用英语回答下列问题。1 Whats modern logistics?Modern logistics is a strategic measure considering the whole circumstances of production,transportation,and distribution market, which plans, implements, and controls the efficient,effective flow of goods service and relat

2、ed information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet the customers requirements.2 Whats the purpose of packaging?Packaging intends to marke a product readily sellable as well as to protect it against damage and prevent it from deterioration when in stock.Furthermore,packaging

3、is often the most relevant element of a trade mark and conduces to advertising or communication.3 How many means of transportation do you know?what are they?I know five of them which are railroads,trucks,ships,planes, and pipes respectively.4 Did Chinese do a good job in logistics?why?No,not quite.t

4、he total cost in logistics in China accounted for too much about 20%of the GDP,which influenced the economic grouth. If only lower the high percentage of the logistics cost,our national economy would be no doubt improced.5 Whats the important characteristic of products?An improtant characteristic of

5、 any product is its availability at the place where a customer wished to consume it .6 How do products express value?Products are of any vale when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer.7 Why high distribution costs of convenience products are justified

6、?Because the sale potential is brought about by the wide and extensive distribution.8 How to classify industrital products?According to the extent to which they enter to production process, industrial products can be classified mainly into two categories:which are part of finished products;which are

7、 used in the process of marking the products.9 How do you understand JIT system?JIT is known as lean production or stockless production,since the key behind a successful implementation of JIT is the reduction of inventory levels at the various stations of the production line to the absolute minimum.

8、This necessitateds good coordination between stations such athat every station produces only the exact volume that the next station needs. On the other hand, a station pulls in only the exact volume that it needs from the preceding station.10 Why international transportation is an area of growing in

9、terest and concern to the logistician?The transprotation equipment is the same as that used domestically ,with the exception that certain elements of the transportation system have become more important .For example,containerization is popular in international movement.The users of the international

10、 transportation system may feel overwhelmed, however,there exist middlemen, agents, freight forwarders and broders to assist the shipper with international movement.11 How does inventory be computed?In many cases ,the inventory is computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate peg

11、ged to the prime interest.12 What questions should an inventory plan be able to answer?It should be able to answer:when to order,how much to order and inventory control procedures.13 Whats the most obvious communication role of packing?To identify package contents for receiving order selection and s

12、hipment verification ,tec, is the most obvious communication role of packing.14 Why packing should protect the goods from damage?Because damage caused by vibration, impact, puncture or compression can happen whenever a package is being transported.15 How to arrive at a satisfactory solution about pa

13、cking?Arriving at a satisfactory solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall conditions and then isolating combination of desing and material capable of meeting those specifications.16 What information should packing concludes?Typical information includes m

14、anufacturer ,product, container type,count and Universal Product Code(UPC)number.17 What models of payment do you know?Document against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单Document against payment (D/P)付款交单Letter of credit (L/C)信用证Telegraphic transfer(T/T)电汇Demand draft (D/D)票汇Cash with order (CWO)随订单付现Cash on deliv

15、ery (COD)交货付现Cash against documents (CAD)凭单付现Pay on delivery (POD)货到付款18 What does the quality of finished goods and services depend on ?It depend on the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items.19 What will happen if poor-quality components and materials are use?The final pr

16、oduct will no meet customers quality standers.20 Whats the result of lacking effective purchasing practice?The operation in a firm may be disrupted, customer service level may fall, and long-term customer relationship may be damaged.21 What is supply chain?Supply chain is defined as netword composed

17、 of factories, suppliers ,retailers, etc, that supply to each other raw materials .components, products and service.22 What did Ford do to achieve his goal to control?He set out to develop the worlds first complex vertically integrated firm.23 What did Ford do to transprot materials to River Rouge a

18、nd finished product to dealers?He invested in railroads, trucks, and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels.24 In what aspects do those specialists often outperformed Fords own unit?With respect to quality and cost.25 In which aspect does Exel take the lead?It is a world class leader in supply chain sol

19、utions.26 Whst is the possible definition of supply chain?Supply chain is defined as netword composed of factories, suppliers ,retailers, etc, that supply to each other raw materials .components, products and service.27 What does supply chain management mean?Supply chain management means the design

20、,planning and control of the information flow, movements of goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.28 Whats Fords purpose of developing a huge manufacturing complex?Fords objective was total control of his business.29 What did Ford do to ensure a reliable supply of materials?To

21、 ensure a reliable supply of materials Ford invested in coalmines, iron-ore deposits, timberlands, glass factories, and even land to grow soybeans used to manufacture paint.30 why did Ford buy a large quantity of potatoes from South America?He bought a huge quantity of potatoes from South America to

22、 explore the possibility of extracting alcohol ,hoping that alcohol would one day replace gosoline.31 What did Ford do in order to transport materials to his plants and finished products to dealers?He invested in railroads, trucks, and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels.32 Did some specialized firms

23、 finally become contributors to Fords network? And why?Yes, because Ford discovered that specialized firms could perform most essential work as well as or better than his own network.33 Were the financial resources at Ford Company shifted at last?if the answer is “yes”,to which aspect?Yes, the finan

24、cial resources at Ford were shifted to developing and maintaining core manufacturing competencies.34 In the later part of the 20th century ,on whom did Ford Company rely for logistics service?Specialist lpgistics companies.35 What kind of conclusion did Ford find out in the final analysis?Ford found

25、 out that in the final analysis ,no firm can be self sufficient.36 What types of shipping market are there?The liner market and the tramp market.37 How do you book space yourself?I go to a shipping company or simply go on the internet, find the website of the carrier i want, and book the space there

26、.38 When should your cargo been hauled to CY?When the cargo is stuffed into a container ,it is hauld to the CY.39 What are the objiectives of supply chain management?The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce overall costs ,minimize lead time,minimize inventory levels and costs, improve

27、 service level and streamline goods and imformation flows.40 Which aspects are essential to upgrading the service level of TPL company ?Efficient trucking service, computerized warehouse system together with customized operation are essential to upgrading the service level of TPL company.41 What is

28、the 80-20 curve?It is also called pareto principle. The principle states that for many phenomena 80% of consequences stem from 20% of the causes.42 What is the objectives of supply chain management?The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce overall costs, minimize lead time,minimize inv

29、entory levels and cost,improve service level and streamline goods and information flows.43 What are the two kinds of packing?Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging.44 Isnt logistics something new ?why?no, it isnt. coming into being with the advent of civilization ,

30、logistics is anything but a newborn baby. However, when it comes to modern logistics ,most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is .45 What is the functions of industrial packing?Protecting the goods from damage during handling ,sto

31、ring and transportation; romoting logistical efficeieny; transferring communication or information.46 Inventory can be classified into two groups.what are they?Inventory can be classified into two groups:base stock determined by forecasted requirements and held to support basic availability, and saf

32、ety stock to cover damand that exceeds forecasted volumes and accommodate unexpected operational variances.47 Products are of two kinds.what are they?It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use .48 What is the improtant charac

33、teristic of any product?An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it .49 What do you know of consumer products?Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers. According to the three different ways in which cons

34、umers select goods and services and where they buy them.consumer products can be put into three categories:convenience products, shopping products and specialty products.50 Why does TPL adopt modern technologies in supply chain management?Adopting sophisticated technologies is not just about reducin

35、g labor costs, but also about greater visibility, improving customer service and using information more effectively to figure out things like trends and supplier performance.51 What do you think is most important in the value-added process?Inventory is viewed as playing a vital role in the value-add

36、ed process.52 What will happen if the inventory overstocks?If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing ,but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it ,taxes ,insurance ,obsolescence cost and storage cost.53 There are fou

37、r types of warehousing, what are they?There are four types of warehousing available, depending upon load content: or finished goods, for raw material; form consumer fulfillment; and for vendor-managed inventory.54 What are the three basic questions the plan for inventory should be able to answer?The

38、 plan should be able to answer three basic questions :when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.55 What is the improtance of purchasing?Purchasing contributed to the firms efficiency and effectiveness in many ways. First, it helps to determine a firms cost structure. Second ,

39、good purchasing practices avoid operational problems.56 How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics?what are they?Economic activities that are involved in logistics are :packaging warehousing ,material handling ,inventory, transprot , forecasting strategic planning and customer

40、 service.57 Will ineffective purchasing practices lead to a series of negative results to a firms operation?what are these results?Yes ,without effecitive purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may fall, and long-term reationship may be damaged.58 How ma

41、ny ways are there for a shipper to book space?There are two ways for a shipper to book space:booking space by himself or via a freight forwarder.59 How many copies are there for a Booking Note?There are ten copies designed for use in the different related sectors in the shipping procedures, such as

42、the cargo owners, the ship agent, the container yard, the port authorities for the port dues and port charges, the ship , the dock, and the Customs House.60 Why is the Mates Receipt important to a shipper?Because the shipping company will issue the Bill of Lading according to the statement on it .61

43、 As competition in the market increases,what to the service providers have to do to obtain a solid footing?With the increasing competition in the market, the service providers have to obtain a solid footing in the industry by providing differentiated products such as consolidation warehouses, consis

44、tent customer relationships, upstream management and visibility , innovation ,global network, etc.62 When does the First Mate sign a Mates Receipt?When the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is hauled to the container yard to be loaded on board the ship according to the stowage plan , when this i

45、s done, the First Mate would sign a Mates Receipt.63 How many types of shippment markets? What are they?There are two types of shipping markets, the liner market and the tramp market.64 What is one of the major functions of Third-Party Logistics companies?One of the marjor functions of TPL companies is known as supply chain management .the process that integrates, co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials finished inventory and related information from suppliers th