汽车专业英语电子教案

1、Unit Three3.1 Drive LineContents Pre-questions Text Explanation Exercises Pre-questionsHow many main units does the drive line assembly consist of? What are they？The drive line assembly consists of six main units.They are clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving w

2、heelsHow does the drive line work?The drive line carries power from the engine crankshaft to the driving wheels, so the wheels rotate and the automobile moves.II. Text ExplanationFig.3-1 Drive Line1-clutch; 2-transmission; 3-universal joint; 4-final drive;5-differential; 6-drive shaftThe typical dri

3、ve line comprises clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels. 译文：典型传动系统一般包括离合器、变速器、传动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动轮等六部分。When you lift the clutch pedal, springs force the pressure plate and clutch plate against the flywheel. 译文：当抬起踏板时，压缩弹簧将压盘和从动盘推向飞轮。A manual transmission req

4、uires a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft. 译文：手动变速器需要用离合器来把发动机转矩施加给变速器输入轴或从变速器输入轴撤消。When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion

5、. 译文：汽车在直线行驶时，齿圈、差速器壳、差速器行星齿轮和两个差速器半轴齿轮作为一个整体运转，而无任何相对运动 。The drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less, but of a large diameter so that they are strong . 译文：传动轴通常是空心的以减轻重量，但直径比较大使它有足够的强度 。III. ExercisesI.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.manual transmission 手动变速器 reverse

6、 idler gears 倒档齿轮gear ratios 齿轮齿数比drive shaft 传动轴clutch plate 离合器片Differential 差速器universal joint 万向节coil spring 螺旋弹簧 pressure plate 压盘Synchronizer 同步器II. Identify the English names of the drive line according to the picture.1 engine ; 2 transmission; 3 drive shaft; 4 driving wheel;5clutch; 6 univer

7、sal joint; 7final driveIII. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. The (differential ) system is part of the rear-axle-housing (assembly ), which includes the differential, (rear axles ), wheel and (bearings).If the automobile were to be

8、driven in a (straight ) line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the automobile rounds a turn, the (outer ) wheel must travel farther than the (inner ) wheel. The differential (permits) the two rear wheels to rotate (different ) amounts when the autom

9、obile goes around a turn, while still (delivering ) power to both rear wheels.IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Although there are many types of clutch, the dry single plate type of traction clutch is used almost exclusively in passenger cars.2. The pressure on driven disk fitted

10、 onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springs installed between the housing and pressure driving disks.3. The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the dive shaft to the transmission output shaft and the differential pinion gear shaft.1.虽然离合器的种类很多，但客车上采用最多的还是单片干式离合器。2.从动盘安装在传动轴的

11、花键槽内，从动盘上的压力来自弹簧的弹力，这些弹簧安装在离合器壳和主动盘之间。3.万向节将动力输入轴、动力输出轴和差速器齿轮轴连接在一起。V. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 如果快速运转的发动机突然与静止车辆的传动系相连接，就会产生强烈的冲击。2. 离合器是一种用以连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。3. 装有自动变速器的汽车一般不需要离合器。1.It will have a strong impact when the spinning engine connects the stationary transmission.2.

12、The clutch is a device which is designed to connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission.3. There is not clutch when the automobile equip automatic transmission.3.2 ClutchContents Pre-questions Text Explanation ExercisesWhat will you do when you move the car？ What will you do when you chan

13、ge gears?Release the clutch pedalclutchDepress the clutch pedalsecond gearFirst gearStart the carRelease parking brake and the clutch pedal and push down gasFirst gearNeutral positionDepress the clutch pedal Pre-questionsWhere is the clutch in the automobile?D-manual transmissionC-clutch pedalB-clut

14、ch A-engineWhat is the function of the clutch?Connect or disconnect the power from the engine to the drive line.How many main parts does the clutch consist of?driving membersdriven memberscontrol mechanismspressing mechanismsII. Text ExplanationIn a car, you need a clutch because the engine spins al

15、l the time, but the cars wheels do not. spin spin vt. & vi.使旋转译文：汽车上需要一个离合器，因为发动机一直在旋转，而车轮却不是（一直旋转）。In order to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow.somehow 以某种方式，不知怎么译文：为了使停车时发动机不熄火，车轮需要以某种方式与发动机断开连接。这句话中killing the engine 表示使发动机熄火Somehow 我们必须设

16、法在明天早上以前把工作做完。 We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.不知怎么地我们迷了路。Somehow we lost our way.The clutch（shown in Fig. 3-2） allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them. slippage slipid n.滑动译文：离合器（图3-2所示）允许我们将旋转的

17、发动机和不转的变速器平稳地连接起来，这种连接通过控制它们之间的相对滑动来实现。Fig. 3-2 Clutch1-pressure plate; 2-driven disk; 3-flywheel; 4-clutch coverMost cars equipped with a manual transmission use a single clutch disc, a diaphragm type spring，a pressure plate and clutch cover assembly, a clutch release bearing, and a clutch release

18、fork.single clutch disc 单片离合器盘diaphragm type spring 膜片式弹簧pressure plate 压盘clutch cover 离合器盖release bearing 分离轴承release fork 分离叉driven disk Pressure plate and covercoverpressure plateflywheelrelease levers and release yoke release yoke release leversThe clutch has a clutch disc as its major part, and

19、 the clutch disc consists of a circular metal plate attached to a reinforced splined hub.circular s:kjuladj.圆形的, 环形的; 循环的reinforce ri:n,f:svt.增强; 加强splined hub 花键毂译文：离合器有一个离合器盘作为主要部件，离合器盘包括一个圆形的金属盘，它与强化的花键毂连接在一起。attached to a reinforced splined hub 是过去分词短语作状语修饰metal plateThe splined hub is free to s

20、lide lengthwise along the splines of the transmission input shaft. lengthwise lewaiz adv.纵长地, 纵向地译文：（离合器的）花键毂可以沿着变速器输入轴的花键自由滑动。In its operating position in the engine/transmission linkup, the clutch disc is sandwiched between the engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate. sandwich snwid n.三明治vt.1把夹在

21、之间2挤在中间译文：在发动机和变速器接合状态下，离合器盘被夹在发动机飞轮和离合器压盘之间。sandwich 把一片火腿夹在两片面包之间就做成了火腿三明治。 To make a ham sandwich you put a slice of ham between two slices of bread.在公共汽车上, 他被挤在两个胖女人中间。He was sandwiched between two very fat women on the bus.The clutch fork and linkage provide the means of converting the up-and-d

22、own movement of the clutch pedal to the back-and-forth movement of the clutch release bearing assembly.means mi:nzn.方法, 手段译文：离合器分离叉和连接件提供了将离合器踏板的上下运动转化为离合器分离轴承机构的前后运动的一种方法。means科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方法而工作。Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.diaphragm-spring typecoil-p

23、ressure-spring typeIII. Exercises I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.clutch release forkdrive traindriving axlespressure platediaphragm typesplined hubcoil springdiaphragm release fingersfriction disksengagement and disengagement分离叉传动系传动轴压盘膜片式花键毂螺旋弹簧膜片弹簧分离杠杆摩擦盘分离和接合II. Identify the

24、English names of clutch according to the picture.6- locating studs7-diaphragm spring8-fulcrum ring9-clutch cover1-friction disk2-spring 3-splined hub 4-driven disk5-pressure plate III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.The clutch rele

25、ase mechanism can be operated either (mechanically) or (hydraulically). The mechanically operated release mechanism consists of a (pedal ), a (return spring ), a shaft with lever, a rod, a release yoke (lever ), a release yoke, a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring. When th

26、e clutch pedal is (depressed ), the rod and shaft with yoke shift the release bearing and support (assembly ). The release bearing presses the inner ends of the release levers, the pressure (driven) is moved away from the (plate) disk and the clutch is disengaged. To (engage) the clutch, the pedal i

27、s released, the release bearing and support assembly is shifted back by the return spring thus releasing the releasing levers so that the pressure plate is forced by its springs towards the flywheel to clamp the driven disk and engage the clutch.IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.

28、The clutch is a device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of engine and transmission.2. Every vehicle has an engine which provides the starting power, but the engine develops little power or torque at low rpm, and must gain speed before it moves a vehicle.3. If the rapidly rotating

29、engine was suddenly connected to the driveline of a stationary vehicle, the engagement would not be soft.1.离合器是一种用以平稳连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。2.每辆汽车都有一个提供动力的发动机，但是发动机在低速转动时几乎不产生动力或扭矩，而且发动机必须快速转动才能推动车辆前进。3.如果快速转动的发动机突然与静止车辆的驱动系统相连，这种接合就不会柔和。V. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 经过离合器的动力输出主要是由与发

30、动机曲轴相连的一个或多个驱动元件与一个或多个动力输入轴相连的驱动元件相接触形成的。2. 沿压盘和离合器之间的圆周均匀分布的弹簧夹住压盘与飞轮之间的从动盘。3. 汽车离合器在构造上都很相似，只是在压紧机构和分离机构的细节上稍有不同。1. Power output by the clutch is mainly driven by the formation of tangency between one or more drive components connected to the engine crankshaft and others connected to the power inp

31、ut shaft.2. The spring evenly distributed between the circumference of the pressure plate clamps the clutch disc between the flywheel and pressure plate.3. All automotive clutches are very similar in construction, only different in the details of the pressure-plate assemblies and the separation.3.3

32、Manual TransmissionContents Pre-questions Text Explanation Exercises Pre-questionsWhat does the manual transmission consist of?The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mecha

33、nism.Whats the function of the gear shift mechanism?The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears, setting them neutral and engaging the reverse speed. Where is the transmission located in the car? What does it act as? The transmission is located in the middle of the engine and driving whe

34、els. It acts as changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.II. Text ExplanationFig. 3-3 Manual Transmission1-shift mechanism; 2- shift forks; 3

35、-input shaft; 4-output shaft; 5-counter shaftA transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle. 译文：变速器是一个安装在汽车发动机和车轮间某个位置上的变换速度和动力的装置 。Two types of transmission are the manual and the automatic . 译文：变速器可以分为手动式和自动式两种 。The

36、manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism . 译文：手动式变速器由壳体、输入轴及齿轮、输出轴及齿轮、中间轴、倒档齿轮、齿轮组和换档装置组成 。The input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim

37、. 译文：输入轴是钢制的，与驱动齿轮和齿圈制成一体 。The gear shift mechanism consists of a lever, shift rails, shift forks, retainers, locks and a reverse speed safety device. 译文：齿轮换挡装置包括换档杆、拨叉轴、换档拨叉、保持架、换档锁和倒档安全装置 。III. ExercisesI. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.停车或滑行空挡位牵引阻力中间轴反转齿轮轴的花键部分曲轴孔内倒档速度安全装置拨叉轴球形座

38、孔parking or coastingneutral positiontractive resistancecounter shaftreverse gearsplined portion of the shaftin the bore of the crankshaftreverse speed safety deviceshift leverspherical bulbII. Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture.1-input shaft; 2-sleeve; 3-o

39、utput shaft;4-reverse shaft; 5-idler shaft; 6-gearIII. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.As we know, an engine can (generate ) only limited torque at low speeds. Driving condition is very complicated and this requires the (tractive) e

40、ffort and speed vary in a large scope. And without sufficient (torque), moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible. In any engine, the crankshaft always rotates in the same (direction ). If the engine (transmits) its power directly to the drive axles, the wheels could be (dr

41、iven ) only in one direction.Given a level road, an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by (accelerating) the engine and (engaging) the clutch. However, a start under these conditions would be slow, (noisy ) and uncomfortable. In addition, it would place a (tremendous) strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile.IV. Translate the following