简单句和并列句(共17页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子的种类第一节 简单句一、简单句(Simple Sentences)的定义只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。He learns German他学德语。（一个主语和一个谓语）Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。（一个并列主语和一个谓语）We sang and danced yesterday evening昨天晚上我们唱歌跳舞。（一个主语和一个并列调语）My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morn

2、ing and back home at seven in the evening我和哥哥早上 7：30去上学，晚上7：00回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语）二、简单句的种类（）根据句子的基本结构分根据句子的基本结构简单句分为5种句型1.主语十连系动词十表语The weather is very cold天气很冷。She felt happy她感到很愉快。Please keep silent！请安静！My father is a physics teacher我父亲是一个物理老师。The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the earl

3、y morning. 漓江在清晨看上去格外美丽。2.主语十不及物动词Winter is coming冬天来了。His father has gone abroad他父亲出国了。The baby is crying in the next room婴儿在隔壁房间里哭。He works in a big company他在一家大公司工作。We have lived in the city for ten years我们在这座城市已生活了10年。3.主语十及物动词十宾语I like popular music我喜欢流行音乐。She knows what to do next她知道下一步做什么。I u

4、sually do my homework at home in the evening我通常晚上在家做功课。He began learning English ten years ago他 10年前开始学英语。He has decided to work harder at English他决定更努力学习英语。4.主语十及物动词十间接宾语十直接宾语He teaches us chemistry他教我们化学。Please tell me your telephone number请告诉我你的电话号码。Father bought me a new bicycle父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。The

5、farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。This gave us great encouragement这给了我们很大的鼓舞。5.主语十及物动词十宾语十宾语补足语They wont let me go他们不让我走。We must keep the room clean我们必须保持房间干净。When he came in，he found the old man dead他进来时发现老人死了。He likes to watch the boys playing football他喜欢看男孩们踢足球。Yesterday

6、I had a picture taken with two Americans昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。（二）根据句子的目的分根据句子的目的简单句分为4种句型1.陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：用来叙述一项事实。(1)基本结构：主语十谓语十The earth turns around the sun地球绕着太阳转。He often talks English.他常讲英语。注：there be句型和某些句型中主语和谓语有倒装现象。如：There are 12 months in a year一年有12个月。Hardly had the plane landed whe

7、n the people ran toward it飞机几乎没有着陆，人们就朝它跑去了。（2）否定结构：主语十谓语（be，have或助动词，情态动词十not）China is not a developed country中国不是一个发达国家。He has not finished the experiment他还没有做完实验。He will not come to the party because of his illness因为生病，他将不参加晚会。当谓语由行为动词单独构成时，其否定结构为：“主语十do（does或did）not十动词原形十”He did not go to the ci

8、nema last night昨晚他没有去看电影。Do not waste your money不要浪费钱。He does not speak French他不说法语。注：never，hardly，scarcely，neither，nor，no，none，nothing，nobody等词表示否定意义。这些词所构成的句子相当于否定句，无需再加“not”。如：Ill never forget the day when I joined the League我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。We could hardly（或scarcely） understand his English我们几乎听不懂他的

9、英语。None of the answers is（或are） correct所有的答案都不正确。Nothing will prevent him from carrying out the plan没有任何事情能阻止他执行这项计划。2.疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)用来提出疑问，句末用问号“？”。疑问句的语序一般都部分倒装，即把谓语中的be（如is，are等）、助动词或情态动词等放到主语之前。当谓语由行为动词单独构成时，则须在主语前面加助动词do（或does，did等）。疑问句有下列4种形式：（1）一般疑问句(General Questions)通常要求用yes或n

10、o来回答，句末通常用升调。如：Are you in Senior Grade One？你是在高中一年级吗？Is there anybody in the room？房间里有人吗？Does he speak English？他说英语吗？Have you considered our plan？你考虑过我们的计划了吗？注1：对一般疑问句进行肯定回答，除了可以用yes之外，还可以用下列词语：certainly（一定），of course（当然），please do（请便好了）， with pleasure（好的）， if you please（随你便），quite so（相当对），exactly（正

11、是如此），quite right(完全对)，I think so（我想是这样的），yes，if you like（是啊，随意好了），by all means（完全可以，务必这样）等。注2：英语用否定句形式提问时，回答仍可把它视为肯定句形式的问句来回答。但译成汉语时，差别很大。如：Havent you been to the United States？你没有去过美国吧？Yes，I have不，我去过。No，I havent是，我没去过。（2）特殊疑问句(Special Questions)疑问词出现在疑问句之前构成特殊疑问句，句末通常用降调。这时句子中主语、谓语仍按一般疑问句结构的特点，需要部

12、分倒装，但当主语是疑问代词或受疑问词修饰时，主语、谓语则不倒装。如：What is the reason for your being late？你迟到的原因何在？（句中what作表语）Where are you going？你上哪去？How long have you studied English？你学英语有多久了？Who has read the book？谁读过这本书？Which English books were bought by you yesterday？你昨天买了那些英语书？注1：如果特殊疑问句中插入类似一般疑问句形式出现的插入句，则特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语仍按正常陈述语

13、序排列，不用倒装。如：How many English novels did she say she had read？她说她读过几本英文小说？（句中 did she say为插入句，特殊疑问句中的主语she 和助动词had为正常语序）What do you think should be done first？你认为应该先做什么？do you think为插入句）注2：名词从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等）用疑问词引导时，其后面的主语、谓语不必倒装，因为这不是问句，不要求对方回答。如：When well leave for Beijing has not been decided ye

14、t我们什么时候去北京还没有决定。（主语从句中 well leave为正常语序）I wonder why he failed in the physics exam我不知道他物理考试为什么不及格。（宾语从句中 he failed为正常语序）That was how they won the football match他们就是这样赢得这场足球比赛的。（表语从句中 they won为正常语序）(3)选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)句型结构和一般疑问句相同，只是句子中用连词or提供两个或更多个选择方案。语调通常前升后降。如：Are you doing this exercis

15、e or that one？你在做这道练习还是做那道？Will you go out or stay here？你是出去还是留在这里？Do you work in Guilin or Manning？你在桂林还是在南宁工作？（4）反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions)提问者先提出情况和看法，然后问对方是否同意。在句子结构上前部分为陈述句，后部分为前面部分的简短问句。如果前部分是肯定句，后面的简短问句则为否定式；如果前部分为否定句，后面简短问句则为肯定式。如：She is a famous actress，isnt she？她是著名的演员，对不？He hasnt been ab

16、road，has he？他没有出过国，是吗？They said nothing about it，did they？关于这件事他们没有说什么，对吗？注：反意疑问句的14种特殊句型：在由“祈使句十疑问部分”构成的反意疑问句中，疑问部分通常用will you，wont you，would you，有时也可用can you，cant you，why dont you，could you等，但不能用do，即使祈使句中有助动词do时也是这样。如：Pass me the dictionary，will（或would）you？把词典递给我好吗？Dont do that again, will you？别再做

17、那件事好吗？在含有let的祈使句后的反意疑问部分，如果let的宾语us包括听者（常写为 lets）时用 shall we，不包括听者（常写为 let us）时用 will you。 let的宾语是me时，要根据意思用 will you或may I。let的宾语是第三人称时用 Will you。如：Lets go for a walk，shall we？我们去散步好吗？Let us do it by ourselves，will you？让我们自己做这件事好吗？Let me have a look at your photo，will you？（你）让我看看你的照片好吗？Let him spea

18、k first, will you？（你）让他先说好吗？当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分要根据must的意思不同而有所变化、如果must表示“必须”或“有必要”时，反意疑问部分用 mustnt或 neednt。如：I must hand in my exercise book now，mustnt I (或 neednt I ）？我现在必须交练习本，是吗？如果mustnt表示“禁止”时，疑问部分一般用must.You mustnt take the magazine out of the reading-room，must you？你一定不要把杂志带出阅览室，好吗？若 must表

19、示“想必”、“一定”等推测意义时，则疑问部分不用must, 而要根据must之后的动词结构及含义使用相应的动词形式。如：He must be your English teacher，isnt he？他一定是你们的英语老师，不是吗？The professor must be working in the laboratory，isnt he？教授一定在实验室里工作，是吗？Chinese must have the largest number of speakers，doesnt it？说又语的人数一定是最多的，不是吗？You must have been there before，haven

20、t you？你以前肯定到过那里，是吗？He must have read the book yesterday，didnt he？他昨天一定读了那本书，不是吗？当陈述部分的主语为nothing，anything，everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分主语用it。如：Nothing could prevent him from going there， could it？什么也不能阻止他去那里，对吗？如果陈述部分的主语为nobody，somebody，none，someone，no one，anyone，anybody，everyone等不定代词，反意疑问部分主语用they或 he。如：

21、Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday， didnt theyhe？昨天有人拿走了我的雨伞，是吗？当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，反意疑问部分应与主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分是I think， I suppose， I believe时，反意疑问部分应与that从句的主语和谓语一致。如：He said his father had been sent to hospital， didnt he？他说他父亲已送去医院了，是吗？I think hell come to help us with our work， wont he？我想他会来帮助我们工

22、作，是吗？I believe you have met each other before， havent you？我相你们以前彼此见过面，对吗？I suppose they are waiting for us now， arent they？我猜想他们正在等我们，是吗？在英语口语中，由neither nor，neither or来连接主语时，反意疑问部分的主语用they。如：Neither of them knew his address， did they？他们没人知道他的地址，对吗？如果陈述部分是I am，反意疑问部分用 arent I 。如：Im late，arent I？我迟到了，

23、是不是？当陈述部分为感叹句时，反意疑问部分用否定形式，主语仍与感叹句的主语一致。如：What a fine day today， isnt it？今天天气多么好，是吗？当陈述部分含有wish时，反意疑问部分助动词用may。如：I wish to use your dictionary, may I ？我想用一下你的词典，行吗？当陈述部分含有youd better， youd like to时，反意疑问部分分别用 hadnt you， wouldnt you。如：Youd better take his advice, hadnt you？你最好还是听他的建议，好吗？Youd like to g

24、o to the party, wouldnt you？你想去参加晚会，是吗？当陈述部分含有have to时，反意疑问部分助动词应根据have的变化，分别用dont，doesnt，didnt。如：I have to take this medicine，dont I ？我必须把这药吃下，是吗？当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分用be there。如：There is something wrong with the machine，isnt there？机器出了毛病，是吗？There is no time left，is there？没有时间了，是不是？当陈述部分含有seldom

25、，hardly，scarcely，no，never，rarely, few，little，nobody，nowhere等否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定式。如：He hardly speaks English，does he？他几乎不会说英语，是吧？She seldom lends her money to others，dose she？她很少把钱借给别人，是吗？当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用it。如：What he said at the meeting is very important，isnt it？他在会上所说的很重要，对吗？To mas

26、ter a foreign language isnt easy，is it？掌握一门外语不容易，是吗？Swimming in rivers is a good sport，isnt it？在江河游泳是一项好运动，是吗？如果陈述句部分含有un-，in-，im-，ir-，dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍作肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：He dislikes chicken，doesnt he？他不喜欢吃鸡肉，是吗？3.祈使句(Imperative Sentences)祈使句用来提出请求、命令等，它的谓语动词用原形，否定形式在动词原形前加dont（=do not），主语you常

27、省略。如：Be careful！ 小心！Dont be late for school again！上学别再迟到！Remember me to your parents, please！请代我向你父母问候！Please dont make so much noise！请勿喧哗！下面的句子也是祈使句，用以表示祝愿、建议。如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China！中华人民共和国万岁！May you succeed祝你成功。对于第一、三人称的祈使句，一般要加let，而把主语变为宾语。Lets（=Let us） help the blind walk acro

28、ss the road让我们帮助盲人过马路。Dont let him say that！不要让他那样说！4.感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，常用what 和how引出强调的部分并且放在句首（what 修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词）。如：What a tall building (it is)! 多高的楼啊！How tall the building is! 这座楼多么高啊！How beautifully she is dancing! 她的舞跳得多美啊！What a mistake (it is) to have refused his inv

29、itation! 拒绝他的邀请是个多大的错误啊！How time flies! 时间过得多快啊！巩固练习一、把下列句子变成一般疑问句和否定句：1. She found the work very easy.2. He can work out the maths problem himself.3. You must hand in your exercise book now.4. He dares to tell the truth.5. The classroom needs cleaning.6. They went for a walk after supper yesterday

30、evening.二、对画线部分进行提问：1. That is my exercise book.2. The first one is better.3. There are nine cities in this province.4. This magazine comes out every other week.5. They have lived here for more than ten years.6. I go to see my uncle once a week.7. Tom often goes to school on foot.8. They will gradua

31、te from school in two months.9. My home is only about half an hour's ride from here.10. The dictionary cost me fifty Yuan.11. He drove his car at the speed of l00 kilometers an hour.12. Tom's bicycle is made in China.13. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.14. He was ta

32、lking to his father when I saw him.15. These workers all live near their factory.16. The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949.17. Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English both in and out of class.18. I would like to choose this dictionary.三、完成下列反义疑问句：1.

33、There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ?2. I don't suppose that he will come in time, ?3. They must have gone there two days ago, ?4. We must go right now, ?5. We'd better ask the teacher for advice, ?6. He has never been to America, ?7. The manager has a meeting every Monday,

34、 ?8. They could hardly believe his words, ?9. She used to like fish, ?10. He can speak three foreign languages, ?11. You have nothing else to say, ?12. There was no water in the glass, ?13. Mary knows something about it, ?14. He stayed at home yesterday, ?15. She seldom goes out on weekends, ?16. Ev

35、eryone likes to live a happy life, ?17. I didn't believe that he has failed the English exam, ?18. Have a cup of coffee, ?19. Let's go out, ?20. You have to go to see a doctor, ?2l. He must be a worker, ?22. Nothing could make him change his mind, ?23. I think hell be back in a month. ?24. N

36、either of them knew the way, ?25. I'm late, ?26. Don't forget it, ?27. What a good book, ?28. What they need is more practice, ?29. To learn English well isn't easy, ?30. She dislikes maths, ?四、把下列句子变成祈使句：1. You must be careful with your pronunciation.2. I want Tom to fetch me a cup of t

37、ea.3. We should ask our teacher for advice.4. You should not forget to bring your exercise book next time!5. You go and ask him to keep his promise.6. You should always keep this in mind.7. You mustn't play football in the street.五、把下列句子变为感叹句：1. He is a clever boy.What ！How ！2. It is fine weathe

38、r today.What ！How ！3. It is an interesting story.What ！How ！4. He is an honest man.What ！How ！5. The building is very high.What ！How ！6. That's a good idea.What ！How ！7. He is very diligent.8. It is a great pity.9. She loves her students dearly.10. We are very lucky to be the students of the fam

39、ous professor.11. He has drawn a very beautiful picture.12. Your mother is very kind.13. The moon is shining brightly.14. We work very hard.15. Guilin is a beautiful city.16. I was foo1ish to think like that.六、指出下列简单句各属于五种句型中的哪一种：第一种： 主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）第二种：主语+不及物动词（S+V）第三种：主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）第四种：主语+及物动

40、词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）第五种：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）1. Madame Curie's motherland was Poland.2. Jack became a skilled taxi-driver soon.3. The world is changing.4. Advertisements go everywhere.5. A single egg in the mother's body forms identical twins.6. The temple needs cleaning and repairing

41、.7. The doctor taught the gymnast (体操运动员 ) how to protect his own body.8. The boy told the policeman where he lived.9. The two men behind will not let him escape.10. The air in loose snow keeps the animals warm. 参考答案：一、1. Did she find the work very easy?She didn't find the work very easy. 2. Can

42、 he work out the maths problem himself?He can't work out the maths problem himself. 3. Must I hand in my exercise book now?You needn't hand in your exercise book now. 4. Does he dare to tell the truth?He doesn't dare to tell the truth. 5. Dees the classroom need cleaning?The classroom do

43、esn't need cleaning. 6. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?They didn't go for a walk after supper yesterday evening. 二、1. Whose exercise book is that?2. Which one is better?3. How many cities are there in this province?4. How often does this magazine come out?5. How long h

44、ave they lived here?6. How often do you go to see your uncle?7. How does Tom often go to school?8. How soon will they graduate from school?9. How far is your home from here?10. How much did the dictionary cost you?11. How fast did he drive his car?12. Whose bicycle is made in China?13. Why didn'

45、t he come to school yesterday?14. What was be doing when you saw him?15. Where do these workers live?16. When was the People's Republic of China founded?17. Who is always encouraging you to speak English both in and out of class?18. Which dictionary would you like to choose?三、1. won't there

46、2. will he 3. didn't they 4. mustn't we 5. hadn't we 6. has he 7. doesn't he 8. could they 9. didnt she 10. can't he 11. have you 12. was there 13. doesn't she 14. didn't he 15. does she 16. doesn't he/don't they 17. has he 18. will you 19. shall we 20. don't

47、you 21. isn't he 22. could it 23. won't he 24. did they 25. aren't I 26. will you 27. isn't it 28. isn't it 29. is it 30. doesn't she四、1. Be careful with your pronunciation！(Do be careful with your pronunciation!)2. Fetch me a cup of tea, Tom. 3. Lets ask our teacher for advi

48、ce. 4. Don't forget to bring your exercise book next time. 5. Go and ask him to keep his promise. 6. Always keep this in mind. 7. Don't play football in the street. 五、1. What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!2. What fine weather it is today!How fine the weather is today!3. What an in

49、teresting story it is!How interesting the story is!4. What an honest man he is!How honest the man is!5. What a high bui1ding it is!How high the building is!6. What a good idea that is!How good the idea is!7. How diligent he is!8. What a (great) pity!9. How dearly she loves her students!10. How lucky

50、 we are to be the students of the famous professor!11. What a beautiful picture he has drawn!12. How kind your mother is!13. How brightly the moon is shining!14. How (hard) we work!15. What a beautiful city Guilin is!How beautiful a city Guilin is!16. How foolish I was to think like that!六、第1, 2句属于第

51、一种基本句型 第3, 4句属于第二种基本句型 第5, 6句属于第三种基本句型 第7, 8句属于第四种基本句型 第9, 10句属于第五种基本句型第二节 并列句一、并列句(Compound Sentences)的定义 含有两个或更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子，叫做并列句。换句话说，它是由两个或更多个并列的简单句构成的。各分句靠连词和逗号、分号来连接。其基本结构为：分句十并列连词十分句。在并列句中，常用的连接词有并列连词，如：and，but，or，while，for，so，neither，nor等; 还有连接副词，如：still，yet，however，consequently（结果），theref

52、ore（因此）， then等。另有一些相当于连接词的词组，如on the contrary（相反），not onlybut also（不仅而且），on（the） hand on the other hand（一方面另一方面）等。二、并列句的分类1.表示连接两个同等概念常用 and， not onlybut also， neithernor，so， on（the） one handon the other hand等连接。如：The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.老师的名字是史密斯，学生的名字是约翰。Not only

53、did the restaurant overcharge me, but they hadnt served me well. 餐馆不仅要价太高，而且对我的服务也不周到。Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。Jim plays football and so does his brother吉姆踢足球，他的兄弟也踢足球。On one hand I have to work，on the other hand，I have a great many visitors一方面我得工作，另一方面我又有

54、许多来访者。2.表示选择常用的连词有or，eitherof，otherwise等。如：Hurry up，or youll miss the train赶快，否则你就要误火车了。I must work much harder，otherwise I cannot catch up with the other classmates我必须更努力学习，要不然我就赶不上其他同学。Either you are wrong，or I am不是你错了，就是我错了。3.表示转折常用的连词有 but， still， however， yet， while， when等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses， but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting他的个子矮小，深度近视，但他有独特的方法使课堂生动有趣。She is seriously ill， still there is hope of her recovery她病得很重，然而仍有希望康复。One cannot see wind， however， it does exist人