(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破三细节理解_数字计算题优选习题

1、三、细节理解一一数字计算题昭真题感悟(2018 全国出，A)Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car : Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6.Approximate travel times ：Windermere20 minutes , Kendal 25 minutes , Lancaster 45 minutes , Manchester 1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail : The nearest sta

2、tion is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth,Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday Friday (closed on Saturday)11 ： 00 am 4 ： 00 pm,30th March 2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults :£12.00£8.00Groups:£ 9.00&

3、#163; 5.50Special EventsProducers ' Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening , making

4、it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of sh

5、ops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，题材是旅游广告。文章介绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客须知和 四项特别的活动。21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker

6、部分中“By Car： .Approximatetravel times ： .Manchester 1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客从 Manchester 开车至U Holker 大约用一个半小时，也就是 90分钟。故选 D22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A. £ 12.00.B. £ 9.00.C. £ 8.00.D. £ 5.50.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章的 Admission Charges 部分中

7、Hall & Gardens 一列与 Groups 一行的交叉处可知， 旅游团的一个成员游览 Hall &Gardens所需要的费用为£ 9.00。故选R23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers ' Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文章的 Winter Market部分中的第二句"Wander am

8、ong a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.( 流连于形形色色的礼品商店间，同时欣赏着现场的音乐演出和好看的街头娱乐活动）”可知， 如果想看现场的音乐演出，你就去 Winter Market 。故选 d名师点津一、题型解读1 .数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说， 从数学的角度讲，计算量都比较小，计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算 背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理

9、解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中 相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。2 .数字计算细节理解题的话题有：（1）广告类；（2）故事类；（3）科普知识类；（4）史地自然类；文化教育类。设问方式以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。二、解题技巧一一“加减乘除”得数据1 .阅读题干，查看题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2 .弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3 .特殊信息应注意：（1）特殊数字：decade 十年；fortnight 两周；double 两彳couple 两个；score 二十；dozen

10、十二。（2）特殊词汇：off削价，减价；discount折扣。例如：【真题感悟】中第 21题阅读题干，卞据第一段 How to Get to Holker 中By car里 Approximate travel times 后面的内容可知，从 Manchester 至U Holker 要用 1 hour 30 minutes , 即一个半小时，也就是 90分钟，故选Dor随堂限时练ACollege isn ' t for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential , but high tuition is a

11、 deterrent for some.Some can ' t afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.Manufacturing Sales RepresentativesAverage salary ：，852,440Current workforce : 1,430,000Projected job growth,2010 2020： 16%Wholes

12、ale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople , wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good, the opportunities are numerous and,

13、for most employees , a High School diploma is enough to get a job.Dry Wall WorkersAverage salary : $45,490Current workforce : 22,900Projected job growth,2010 2020： 27%No High School diploma ? No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth

14、 without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction industry, preparing walls forpainting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.ElectriciansAverage salary : $48,250Current workforce : 577,700Projected job growth,2010 2020： 23%The

15、 world is more mechanized than ever before , and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers , who will see nearly 134,000 newjobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 再48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.Commercial PilotsAverage sal

16、ary : $67,500Current workforce : 32,700Projected job growth,2010 2020： 28%An average commercial pilot makes t;26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and N 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilot ' s license and training at a local flight schoo

17、l.Times are changing many airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degrees but prospects for salary and growth remain strong.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。大学并不适合所有人。文章介绍了四种没有大学文凭照样可 以做的好工作。1 .What' s the meaning of the underlined word adeterrent " in Paragraph 1?A.Prevention.B.Threat.C.Diffic

18、ulty.D.Fear.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句"Some can' t afford it. "可以推测出，高昂的学费对于一些人来说是一个阻碍。由此可推知， deterrent 与prevention 意思相近。2 .Without a High School diploma , you can find a job as a(n) . A.manufacturing sales representativeB.dry wall workerC.electricianD.commercial pilot答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据 Dr

19、y Wall Workers 这一节中的"No High School diploma ? No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school." 可知， 答案为 B项。3 . The average salary for a typical full-time worker is.A.S52,440bE45,490C.券7,500D. 41

20、,500答案 D解析数字计算题。根据 Commercial Pilots这一节中的"Average salary : $67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes $26,000 more than a typical full- time worker ”可知，一个全职工人的平均工资一般为：*67,500 $26,000 =$41,500 ,故答案为D项。4 .Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?A.The average salary of commerci

21、al pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.B.Commercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.C.You need to receive training at an international flight schoolto be a commercialpilot.D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“but prospects for sal

22、ary and growth remain strong ”可知，商业飞行员的就业前景很好，故答案为D项。5 .From the text , we can infer that .A.having a college degree can guarantee a good jobB.it ' s not necessary to get a college degreeC.electricians will find jobs in big cities easilyD.many people don ' t continue their schooling for only

23、 one reason答案 C解析推理判断题。根据 Electricians这一节中的"Major cities promise the mostjobs. ”可以推测出答案。（2018 天津十二区县二模 ）Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom , one by one.The men, ranging from 19 to 63 years old , have been burie

24、d alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.After the collapse , the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mine' stunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was ar

25、ound 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks , the miners ' water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to

26、the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food,water , clothes , medicine , fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families , a television set and games.Additional collapses slowed down resc

27、ue efforts.Finally , a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule（救生舱），called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across , a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.Thesafety by late the sameCampHope, a settlementfirst miner reached the surface just after midni

28、ght on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected , and all 33 men had been brought to day.The miners were met by family members who were waiting atof tents near the mine.Chile's president , Sebastian Pinera,cheered at the sceneand we kept it , “ heto the nearest hospitaland hugged t

29、he miners. "We made a promise never to give up , said.After an immediate medical exam, the men were airlifted for 48 hours of observation.6. How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?A.About 48 hours.B.About two weeks.C.One month and a half.D.More than two months.答案 D解析 细节理解题。 根据第段中的

30、"a cave in the copper and gold mine they were workingcollapsed（倒塌）on August 5,2010 ”和倒数第二段第四、五句"The first miner reachedthe surface just after midnight on October,13.all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day."可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。7 .Which of the following doesn '

31、t belong to the rescue work?A.The water from the tanks.B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.D.Letters , games and a TV set from the surface.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 "For more than two weeks, the miners ' water came from the tanks on their work vehicl

32、es. "可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选Ao8 .What can we learn from the text?A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.B.The loss of the mine collapse.C.The health condition of the trapped miners.D.The concern of Chile ' s president about the mine collapse.答案

33、D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Chile ' s president , Sebastian Pinera , cheered at the scene and hugged the miners. 'We made a promise never to give up, and we kept it , ' he said."可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选 D=9 .According to the text , the rescued miners A.received medical examination in a hospit

34、al at firstB.could go home immediately they got out of the mineC.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going homeD.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段末句 " After an immediate medical exam , the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48

35、hours of observation. ” 可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。故选Co10 .The best title for the text should be . A.Disaster at the MineB.A Miracle at the MineC.Efforts of Great ChileansD.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners答案 B解析 标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个 生命的奇迹。题型组合练

36、（六）I .单项填空I.Some people use hand-written letters typing because they ' re morepersonal and represent your sincerity.A.in preference toB.in process ofC.in reference withD.in search of答案 A解析 句意为：一些人优先用手写书信而不是通过打字，因为这样更私人，也代表你的真诚。in preference to 优先于；in process of 在过程中； in reference with 参照；in sear

37、chof搜查，寻找。2 .As things didn ' t work out the way we, we found ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.A.planB.are planningC.had plannedD.will be planning答案 C解析 句意为：当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样发展时，我们发现自己正在试图强迫他们并奋力完成它们。根据前句didn ' t,后句found可知，该句应使用过去时态；因事情的发展和结果发生在计划之后，这里要用plan的过去完成时态h

38、ad planned与前面的一般过去时形成对比，以体现动作的先后，即“当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样时”，因此C项正确。3 .Linda realized she was in the wrong and promised to a new leaf.A.take overB.turn overC.get overD.go over答案 B解析 句意为：琳达意识到自己错了，并承诺改过自新。 take over接管；turn over 翻转， 打翻，turn over a new leaf 固定短语，意为“改过自新，重新开始"； get over克服；go over复习，仔细检查。故

39、B项正确。made it unique4.It was not just the size of the party last night it meant to our company.A.what ; thatB.that ; whatC.what; whatD.that ; that答案 B解析分析句子结构可知，该句为强调句型，故第一个空用that ;第二个空用 what引导名词性从句。5.Though a farmer , Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer , whose story is reallyof great i

40、nspiration.A.everythingB.nothingC.the oneD.one答案 D解析句意为：尽管出身农民，朱之文已经成为一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里用 one 指代前面的 story ,相当于 a story of great inspiration ; everything 一切事物；nothing无事物；the one那个，均不符合句意，故D项正确。6.It was the natural disaster , rather than humanerrors , that for the death of so many innocent peop

41、le.A.are blamedB.was to blameC.was blamedD.were to blame答案 B解析句意为：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人的死亡负责。表示“应受责备，应对负责”时，用 be to blame for.为固定短语，因此排除A C两项；这里强调主语 the natural disaster , rather than human errors , 是个强调句，谓语动词应 与rather than前面的主语保持一致，即与the natural disaster 保持一致，因此用was toblame,故B项正确。7. Can you do me

42、a favour , Mr Smith ? My car start. No problem.You can count on it.A.won' tB.mustn' tC.needn' tD.shouldn ' t答案 A解析句意为：一一史密斯先生，你能帮我一个忙吗？我的车发动不起来了。一一没问题。你尽管放心。mustn' t意为"禁止"，needn' t 意为"不需要"，shouldn ' t意为"不应 该"，will作情态动词可以表示习惯或倾向性，其否定式won'

43、t是对此刻和未来情况的一种否定，结合句意，A项正确。8. you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year,B.Whenthe accident figures are really very small.A.UnlessC.BeforeD.Though答案 B解析 句意为：当你考虑到这家航空公司去年接待了8 000万名乘客的时候，这个事故数量其实是非常小的。unless除非；before在以前；though尽管，与题意不符；when当时，符合句意。9. That Americans have no hi

44、story while Chinese have no future sounds; ithas raised a thought-provoking question, though.A.artificialB.arbitraryC.allergicD.reluctant答案 B 解析 句意为：“美国没有历史、中国没有未来”听起来随意，不过，它引发了一个发人深 思的问题。artificial 人造的，假白arbitrary武断的，随意的；allergic过敏的；reluctant勉强的，不情愿的。结合句意，B项正确。10. 一 Mummy look at my gloves.I need a

45、 new pair. .I bought them for you only a week ago!A.You betB.You said itC.You don' t sayD.You name it答案 C 解析 句意为：一一妈妈，看我的手套。我需要一副新的。一一是真的吗？我才刚给你买一 个星期啊！ You bet当然，一定； You said it你说得对；Yon don' t say 表示惊讶，对对方描述情况表示质疑，意为“是真的吗，真想不到，不见得吧”；You name it只要你能想到的。因此C项正确。n.阅读理解（2018 天津十二区县一模）Electric ca

46、rs are dirty.In fact , not only are they dirty , they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero -emissions（ 排放）vehicles ” , but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants mostly use fire to

47、 makeit.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells , we get our electricity from generators（发电机）.Generators arefueled by something usually coal , oil , but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热）plants as well , but by

48、far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those “zero-emissions " cars are likely coal-bu rning cars.It ' s just because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean.It is not.It' s asif the California Greens are covering their eyes "If I can ' t s

49、ee it , it ' s nothappening. " Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallonof gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity , you waste a nice part of that energy , mostly in the form of wasted heat at

50、the generator , through the transmission lines , etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get fromthat gallon of gas won' t get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal, or

51、 hydro or wind or solar , then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political , technical , and economic reasons , we don' t use much of those energy sources.In addition , electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.Andfinally, wh

52、encars are the polluters , the pollutionis spread across all the roads.When it ' s a power plant , though , all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated,but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.11 .What does the underli

53、ned part “clueless " in Paragraph 2 mean?A.People see the California Greens everywhere.B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal , oil , etc.C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.D.People in California love to talk abou

54、t zero-emissions vehicles.答案 B解析句意理解题。根据文章第二段中的"People in California love to talk about'zero-emissions( 排放)vehicles ' , but people in California seemto be clueless about where electricity comes from."可知，加利福尼亚的人喜欢谈论"零排放"的汽车，但是 他们似乎对电的来源不清楚。12 .What is the main idea of the

55、text?A.Electric cars are not clean at all.B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.C.People cast doubts on electric cars ' batteries.D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，电动车一点也不环保。13 .The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car ru

56、n . A.not less than 25 milesB.as far as 50 milesC.as far as 25 milesD.not more than 25 miles答案 D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句"A gallon of gas may propel your car 25miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won' t get you nearly asfar. ”可知，一加仑汽油中得到的电力会让你的车行驶不超过25英里。14.According to the t

57、ext , electric cars .A.are more environmentally friendlyB.burn more fuel than gasoline-powered onesC.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill答案 B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句"A gallon of gas may propel your ca

58、r 25miles.But the electr icity you get from that gallon of gas won' t get you nearly asfar so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.“ 可知，电动汽车燃烧的燃料比以汽油为动力的汽车燃烧的燃料多。15.It can be inferred from the text that . A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationB.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins C.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentD.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something 答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电主要是通过燃烧煤炭等自然 资源获