英语修辞手法

1、 修辞手法1. Metaphor:（暗喻，隐喻） e.g. Mark Twain - Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night. The words spat forth with sudden savagery. .self-assurance.flickered.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash. 2. Simile：（明喻，直喻）explicit comparison with “like”, “a

2、s”, “as if (though)”, “seem” “resemble”, etc. 3. Synecdoche:（提喻） e.g. The computer revolution isliberating limbs and propelling The case had erupted round my head.4. Metonymy:（借代） e.g. .his pen would prove mightier than his pickax Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks

3、 from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from human brain . won 100 at the tables lost it at the bar struggle between kimono and the miniskirt1）His pen would prove mightier than his pickax. (metonymy: writing -mining)2

4、） experimented with his new writing muscles (metaphor: not so specific as “pen” to be related to “writing”)3）took over an immense range of tasks from mens muscles (metonymy: manual labor, physical labor)4） The computer revolution is, liberating limbs (synecdoche: part of human body)5）The case had er

5、upted round my head. (synecdoche: part of ones body ) 6）I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (metonymy: emotions/feelings -reason/thought)7) We need 200 hands to help us to finish this sophisticated installation. (synecdoche: part of ones body ) 8）I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (

6、metonymy: emotions/feelings -reason/thought)9) .I have never read Li Bai. (metonymy: poems written by Li Bai)10) He is Mark Twain of the 21st century. (Synecdoche: an individual or concrete for a class or abstract) 5. Ridicule: 嘲笑;奚落;嘲弄e.g. Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted . Bryan mopped his

7、bald dome in silence.6Sarcasm: 讥讽； 讽刺话e.g. There is some doubt about that.7. Irony: 反语； 讽刺a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. e.g. marching backwards to the glorious age of the 1

8、6th century Hiroshima-the liveliest city in the world.8. Alliteration:（头韵）e.g. .the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home .with a dash and daring. .a recklessness of cost or consequences.9. Parallelism:（排比） e.g. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies. We shall fight

9、 him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air10. Antithesis（对仗，对偶）e.g. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.a world which will lament them a day and forget them

10、foreverAny man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe11. Oxymoron(矛盾法): formed by conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms. e.g. Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat". bitter sweet m

11、emories orderly chaos12. Transferred epithet(移就，移位修饰) e.g. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydons cheeks.13. Personification:（拟人） e.g. .to literature's enduring gratitude. the grave world smile

12、s as usual. 14. Euphemism:（委婉语）e.g. .men's final release from earthly struggle who diligently avoided contact with the enemy15. Hyperbole:（夸张） e.g. .cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. 16. Understatement(低调陈述,抑述) e.g.the prospec

13、ts of a good catch looked bleak. 英语修辞法一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spiri

14、t. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets. 德国人的

15、枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如： 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。 句

16、中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲） 2、“.saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,.” 他说这是世界上最美的语言。 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。 4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。 这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 四、拟人（personif

17、ication）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。 1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”) 一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。 这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。 2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again. 我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。 英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，赋以

18、生命，使人们读起来亲切生动。 五、夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。 1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。 2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。 3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughtersvoice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。 六、叠言（rhetorical repetit

19、ion）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。 1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious manmade destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。 2、. Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more q

20、uicklycured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。 七、借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自

21、来视察他们。 “word”在这里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息） 2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。 “说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。 八、双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。 Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑

22、和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。 九、拟声（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or feltsunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises

23、 of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。 十、讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效 果。 Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。 店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有

24、大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。 十一、通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 、有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。 书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。 十二、头韵法（

25、alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 部分课文修辞Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, p

26、arody.1)      Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-Page1,Lesson1. 2)      It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyla

27、nd of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)- P2,L1.3)      The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this ba

28、zaar.(metaphor)-P3,L14)      Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while (personification)-P3, L1.5)      It is a vast ,sombe

29、r cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)-P4,L16)      There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was re

30、peated .(synecdoche)-P15,L27)      “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)-P15, L2.8)      But later my hair began to fall out

31、 , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-P17, L2.9)      Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(alliteration)-P30,L3 10)   According t

32、o our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .(metonymy)-P31,L3.11)   What should we feel toward these ghosts in the s

33、ky?(metaphor)-P32,L3.12)   Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13)   And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exagge

34、ration)-P58, L4.14)   I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)15)   After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-P60,L4.16)   “Maggies brain is like an elephants”.Wangero said ,lau

35、ghing .(ironic)P62, L4.17)   You didnt even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)-P62,L4.18)   “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)-P63, L4.19)   She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)20)   Chur