情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解

1、情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解I.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的意义分类表达意义的类别情态动词具体意义例句推测may/might 当时有可能Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening.can/could当时可能She can have faile

2、d again.Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldnt have attended you lecture.should/ought to当时比较可能He set out early in the morning, so he should have arrived home by now.They started at nine oclock this m

3、orning. They oughtnt to have arrived there by now.will/would当时很可能You will have heard the news, Im sure.The police would have gone through every room last night.His brother would not have been elected as president.must当时肯定I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.The children must have watered

4、the tomatoes yesterday, didnt they?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasnt he?They must have been very tired yesterday, werent they需要must必须曾经Any candidate for the job must have practiced for no less that three years.情感(近似虚拟语气用法)责备不满遗憾mightmightnt本来可以/可能而实际没有;本来/可能可以不而实际做了You might have bee

5、n more carefulHe might not have bothered her.You are lucky enough. You might have been killed like that.could本来能够而实际没有You could have come earlier.-I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down.-you could have borrowed mine. I wasnt using it.shouldshouldntought to /ought not to本来应该而实际没有;本来

6、不应该而实际做了We should/ought to have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.They shouldnt/ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon; otherwise, you would feel better.neednt本来不必而实际做了There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried. We neednt have watered the flowers for it is goin

7、g to rain.赞叹惊奇怀疑should当时居然Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. (赞叹)I cant think why he should have said that; it wasnt my fault. (惊奇)To think that should have happened to me! (吃惊)It is a pity that he should fail in such exam.can/cantcould/couldnt 当时可能/不可能当时居然Can she re

8、ally have behaved so badly? （惊奇、怀疑）Tony cant have done that, he hasnt the strength.（怀疑）Im surprised that he could/should have left without telling a word.(吃惊、不满)申辩would 本来应该、愿意、打算Oh, what a pity. I would have been so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you but Ive left them at t

9、he table at home.I would have come to help you with your work yesterday, only I was rather busy.I would have visited you but it rained yesterday.虚拟（与过去事实相反）might可能当时Had he come earlier, he might not have missed the train.If I were you, I might have bought that car.could当时能够、可能Had you attended the me

10、eting last night, you could have met her.If she hadnt learned English hard, she could not have passed the examination.should 当时可能、应该、愿意If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.If he were wise, he should have come to see me.I should have joined you yesterday evening, only I have be

11、en rather busy.would 当时很可能、愿意If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late for class.He would have come and worked together with us, but he was not here yesterday.I ought to have done so sooner，it would have saved me numerous misfortuneII.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的分类练习can/could1. Some

12、 women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made2.It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _ you when you called.A. cant have seen B. should not have seen C. must not

13、 have seen D. need not have seen3. Bob_ to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.A. cant have been B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt have been D. neednt have been4. -Im told that John had another car accident this morning. -I believe not. He _ so careless.A. shouldnt have been B. wouldn

14、t have been C. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended6. -Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday? -No, We _,

15、but we decided not. A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone7. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned.A. cant have been B. shouldnt have been C. mustnt have been D. wouldnt have been8. -We didnt see him on the exhibition yesterday. -He _ it.A. mustnt visit B. cant have v

16、isited C. should have gone to see D. may see9. Mary _ may letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A. should have received B. has received C. couldnt have received D. ought to have received10. I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. may come B. may have come C. coul

17、d have come D. must have come11. Under more favourable conditions, we _ better.A. need have done B. should do C. could have done D. might be doingmust1. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. （2005,北京，春招）A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D .must have been dropped2We

18、ve been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane _ behind the timetable.A. must be           B. will be           C. would have been       &#

19、160; D. must have been3. Johns sore in the test is the highest in the class; he _ last nigh.A. should study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. must have to study4. Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A. should have been B. must have been C. must be D.

20、should be5. Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind. A. cant have changed B. wouldnt have changed C. must have changed D. shouldnt have changed6. The road was muddy. It _ last night.A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained7. He must have fi

21、nished his homework, _he?A. mustnt B. must C. neednt D. hasnt8. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _he?A. didnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. hasntshould1We _ for her because she never came.A. neednt wait B. mustnt have waited C. shouldnt have waited D. cant have waited2. Im rather surprised you

22、havent reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.A. must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done3. -We expected you yesterday. -Im sorry, I _ you to say that I couldnt be here until today.A. must have called B. would

23、be calling C. could have been calling D. should have called4. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave5.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt hav

24、e eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat6.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving7. With all the work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt have gone C. could not

25、go D. couldnt have gone8. Eve was late for class again. She _ earlier.A. should get up B. must get up C. need to get up D. should have got up9. I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _ .A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have10.- They have not finished the work up to now. - We

26、ll, they _.A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have11. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he _ Tom to go with him.A. might have asked B. should asked C. must have asked D. should have askedmay/might1. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming

27、every night, no matter what we _ during the day.A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done2. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A. must have sailed B can sail C. might have sailed D. should have sailed3. It was reall

28、y very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have injured D. must injure4. - Why hasnt Jane arrived yet? - She _ again in the morning.A. shouldnt have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clockC. must have no one to call her D. should have someone to wa

29、ke her upought to1.You _ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.A. ought to come B. may have come C. ought to have come D. could come2. We _ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A. must receive B. ought to receive C. must have received D. ought to have received3. When I got to the

30、 cinema, the film had already started; I _ there earlier.A. ought to get B. ought to have got C. must have got D. must get4. He didnt do well in the exam. He _ hard at his lessons. A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked5. - Mr. Young, everything is ready for t

31、he meeting. - Im sorry. I _ to tell you the meeting had been put off.A. should phone. B. ought to have phoned C. need to phone D. should have been phonedneednt1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.A. neednt dress up B. didnt have to dress up C. might not have dressed up D.

32、neednt have dressed up2.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you _ it.A. mustnt have done B. wouldnt have done C. mightnt have done D. neednt have done3. You _ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.A. neednt have washed B, shouldnt have washed C must not h

33、ave washed D. can not have washed4. You _ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A. neednt go B. had better not go C. should not go D. neednt have gonewould1. Oh, what a pity. It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you, but Ive left them at the table at

34、 home.A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was2. I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give3. -Why didnt come to my party? I was so disappointed at your absence. - Im very so

35、rry. I _ but I had a visitor at the last minute.A. would like have B. would like to C. would like to have D. would like4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored5. -Your sister nearly _all her spare time to

36、her course during the three years. -Thats right, or she _ the first place in her school in the 2000 College Entrance Examination.A. spent; wouldnt take B. devoted; wouldnt have takenC. hadnt devoted; hadnt taken D. hadnt spent; couldnt takeII.情态动词意义分类可能推测 需要职责请求许可许诺意图打算意愿决心能力才能习惯倾向功用(拟人)辩解注定胆敢can co

37、uldwillwouldwouldshallshouldshouldought tohave (got) tomust need dare used to be to1.  shall 的用法。  shall 用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句中征求对方意见，意为“要不要”、“。好吗”：                Shall I get a chair for you?  

38、60;             What shall we do this evening?2.  should  的用法。  should 作为情态动词，主要表示“应该”：                 You should study hard

39、.                 We should help him.                 You should ask her first.          &

40、#160;   （1）有时表示“应该”，其实是一种推测，语气比 may, might 等表推测时要强：                   The book should be interesting.           （2）有时用于第一人称的疑问句形式表示征求意见，与 shall 用

41、法相似：                    Should I open the window?                    What should we do now? 

42、60;          （3）若用于谈论过去的情况，应用“should+have+过去分词”结构：                     The train should have already left.       &#

43、160;             You should have told us earlier.          （4）  用于 should like / should love 可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：          &

44、#160;          I should like you to stay here.                     I should love to ask you a question.        

45、0;                           Anthony1 should的其他用法A 当说话人对某种设想是否合理或正当提出疑问时，可把should用于 can t think whydont know whysee no reason why：等后面：I dont know why you should thin

46、k that I did it 我真不知道你凭什么竟会认为这件事是我干的。I see no reason why you should interfere in their quarrel 我不明白你有什么理由竟然会介入他们的争吵。当这种设想与过去的事情有关时则用完成式：I cant think why he should have said that it was my fault 我真不明白他怎么能说这是我的过错。B 作为一种惯用表达法，should与 what，where，who连用以形象生动地表达惊奇的感情：What should I find but an enormous spid

47、er！ 怎么也想不到我看见的竟是一只巨大的蜘蛛！这种惊奇经常掺杂着令人为难的因素：Who should come in but his first wife！怎么也想不到进来的竟是他的前妻！C should用在 lest后面，有时也用在 in case后面：1 在书面语中，lestshould结构有时放在表示惧怕或担心的词后面：He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks他害怕在结冰的石块上滑倒。对过去的动作表示担心时用should+完成式：She began to be worried lest he should have me

48、t with some accident 她开始担心他出了什么事。2 lest也可用于目的从句，表示 for fear that（惟恐）：He dared not spend the money lest someone should ask where he had got it他不敢花这笔钱，怕有人问他钱是从哪儿来的。如上所示这是一种书面形式。在这种情况下 in case较 lest更常用，后面可跟 should或一般现在时或一般过去时：in case someone should asksomeone asked惟恐万一有人问起（另参见第227节与第337节。）D should 有时用于

49、目的从句以代替 wouldcould： He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him 他戴了一个面罩，好让别人认不出他来。（参见第336节。）E 在条件句中用should代替现在时态：If the pain should return take another of these pills疼痛复发时，可再吃一片这些药。（参见第224节。）F should 还用于颇为正式的间接命令，这种命令不一定是向对方直接发出的：He ordered that Tom should leave the house 他下命令叫汤姆离开这所房子。（参见第321节B。）与下面一句比较一下：He ordered Tom to leave 他命令汤姆离开。（他亲自告诉汤姆。）2 can 的用法大搜索情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独