考点有机化合物的组成与结构

1、考点 17 有机化合物的组成与结构( Table 17 composition and structure of organic compounds)Reminder：The exam questions database is Word version. Please hold down the Ctrl, slide the mouse roller, adjust the appropriate viewing ratio, and click the close button in the upper right corner to return to the directory.te

2、st site 17 composition and structure of organic compounds2009 college entrance examination questions1. (2009 Fujian college entrance examination 8) set NA as A Fugadero constant, the following statement is correctThe outermost electron number of A. 24g mg atom is NA, B., 1L0.1mol, L-1, H+ number in

3、acetic acid solution is 0.1NAThe proton number of methane molecule in C. 1mol is 10NA D.Under standard conditions, the molecular number of 22.4L ethanol is NAanalysis A, the outermost electron number of magnesiumis 2, so A B, wrong; acetic acid as the weak electrolyte, partial ionization, H + is les

4、s than 0.1NA, C, B; the number of protons of 1 CH4 molecules was 10, D, C; ethanol under the standard condition is not gas wrong, D.answer C.2. (2009 / 30 cases (Guangdong) melamine structure as shown in Figure) is an important chemical raw material, can be used for flame retardant, cement water red

5、ucing agent and polymer synthesis etc. Some lawless elements have added melamine to the milk to increase the amount of nitrogen in the milk products. The following statement is correct ()A. melamine is a proteinB. melamine is a high molecular compoundC. melamine molecules contain carbon carbon doubl

6、e bondsThe molecular formula of D. melamine is C3H6N6analysis the high nitrogen content in melamine is a fake protein. In fact, it does not belong to protein, and A is wrong. The formula can be written out by the key line type, and theD item is correct. Its relative molecular weight is very small, s

7、o it does not belong to the high polymer compound, B is wrong; the molecule contains carbon and nitrogen double bond, C is wrong.answer D.3. (2009 Hainan university entrance examination 18-1) there are three peaks in the 1H NMR spectra of the following compounds: ()A. 2, 2, 3, 3, 14 methyl butane, B

8、.2, 3, 4, 13 methyl pentaneC.3, 4, one or two methyl hexane, D.2, 5, one or two methyl hexaneanswer D.2008 college entrance examination questions(2008, national Volume II. 6) in 2008, the main component of the torch used for the "Xiangyun" torch at the Beijing Olympic Games was propane. Th

9、e following description about propane is incorrectThe carbon atoms in the A. molecule are not in a straight line, and the B. light can take place the substitution reactionC. is more liquefied than butane, and D. is a product of petroleum fractionationPropane has a lower melting point than butane, so

10、 butane and propane are more likely to liquefy.answer C.(2008 Ningxia university entrance examination 9) the following statement is wrongA. , ethanol and acetic acid are the main ingredients in common condimentsB. the boiling point and melting point of ethanol and acetic acid are higher than the boi

11、ling point and melting point of C2H6 and C2H4C. ethanol and acetic acid both undergo oxidation reactionsD. esterification occurs between ethanol and acetic acid, and the esterification and saponification reactions are reciprocal reactionsSaponification reaction is the hydrolysis reaction of higher f

12、atty acid glyceride in alkaline condition, and esterification is the occurrence of organic acid or inorganic acid and alcoholThe reaction, therefore, is a part of the hydrolysis reaction of the ester.answer D.(2008 Jiangsu college entrance examination 14) an organic sample of 3.1g is completely burn

13、ed. The mixture after combustion passes in excess clear lime water, and the lime water adds 7.1g,10g precipitation was obtained by filtration. The organic sample may be ()A. glycol B. ethanolC. acetaldehyde, D., mixture of methanol and glycerol analysis n (CaCO3)=0.1mol, m(CO2) =4.4g, m(C) =1.2g, m(

14、H2O)=7.1g4.4g=2.7g, m (H) =0.3g, so the organic matter in waterThe massof oxygen is 3.1g - 1.2g - 0.3g = 1.6g, so n (O) =0.1mol, i.e. n (C): n (H): n (O) = 0.1mol: 0.3mol0.1mol = 1: 3: 1; the atomic number ratio of C, H and Oin option A is 1: 3: 1; the ratio of the number of atoms in option B is 2:

15、6: 1;The ratio of the number of atoms in the option C is 1: 4: 1;the number of atoms in methanol in the option D is 1: 4: 1, and the number of atoms in the glycerolThe ratio of 3: 8: 3, the number of H atoms of methanol is greater than 3, and glycerol H atomic number less than 3, it meets the requir

16、ements.answer A, D.(2008 Guangdong university entrance examination, 3) the following statements concerning the nature or application of organic substances are incorrectA. distillation coal can obtain important chemical raw materials such as methane, benzene and ammoniaB. propane, a torch used in the

17、 Olympic "Xiangyun" torch, is a clean fuelC. rice wine is sealed and preserved under certain conditions. The longer it is, the more mellow it isD. cellulose, sucrose, glucose and fat can hydrolyze under certain conditionsanalysis the preparation of chemical raw materials from coal through

18、carbonization (coal decomposition at high temperature), A pairs. Propane combustion generates CO2 and H2O without contaminationAtmospheric gas is generated as a clean fuel, B pairs. Rice fermentation to produce ethanol, the longer the more alcohol, ethanol concentration, C. celluloseHydrolysis produ

19、ces glucose; sucrose hydrolysis produces glucose and fructose; fat hydrolysis produces higher fatty acids and glycerol; glucose is a monosaccharide that does not occurHydrolysis reaction, D.answer D.(2008 Shanghai university entrance examination 7) thefollowing compounds are correctly namedanalysis

20、A option should be namedas 1, 3 - butadiene; B option should be named as 2 - butanol; C option should be named by methyl phenol.answer D.(2008 Hainan university entrance examination 11) the following organic reactions do not belong to the substitution reactionSubstitution reactions are reactions in

21、which the atoms or clusters of an organic substance are replaced by other atoms or groups, so the option B is not a substitution reactionBut the oxidation reaction.answer B.(2008 Hainan university entrance examination, 18) there are two peaks in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The compounds

22、 whose hydrogen atom ratio is 3:2 areanswer D.(2008 Hainan university entrance examination 19) molecular formula for C4H10O and organic compounds that can react with metal sodium and emit hydrogenA.3 species, B.4 species, C.5 species, D.6 speciesanalysis reacts with Na to emit H2, that contains two

23、molecules, the structure of the following: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,answer B.(2008 Hainan university entrance examination 20) 1mo1X can react with sufficient sodium bicarbonate solution to release 44.8LCO2 (standard condition), and the formula of X is ()A.C5H10O4 B.C4H8O4 C.C3H6O4 D.C2H2O4 analysis 1mo1X can

24、react with a sufficient amount of sodium bicarbonate solution to release 44.8LCO2(standard condition), indicating that X containing 2 COOH, saturatedFormula two carboxylic acids: CnH2n2O4, when two unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, H atomic number less than 2n2, consistent with this formula only option

25、 D.answer D.(2008 Hainan university entrance examination 26) the main purpose of oil cracking is to ()A. enhances the production of light liquid fuels, B., for easy fractionationC. obtains short chain unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbons, D., to improve the quality of gasolineanswer C.11, (2008 Tianjin

26、university entrance examination 7) in twentieth Century, the development of chemical synthesis technology has made great contributions to the improvement of human health and quality of life. All the chemicals in the following groups are all chemically synthesizedA. glass cellulose, penicillin, B., u

27、rea, salt, polyethylene C. polyester washing powder, aspirin, D., quartz rubber, indium phosphideanalysis A in the presence of a large number of celluloseinnature, such as cotton; there are a lot of B salt in sea water and no synthesis; D quartz are abundant in nature, such as crystal; C material sy

28、nthesized by all, so choose C.answer C.12. (2008, Vol. I, 8) the following groups of substances do not belong to isomersA.2, 2-, two methyl propyl alcohol and 2- methyl butanol, B.,ortho chloro toluene, and toluene chlorideC.2- methyl butane and pentane D. methacrylic acid and propyl formateanswer D

29、.13. (2008 Ningxia university entrance examination 8) in propylene, ethylene chloride, benzene, toluene, four organic compounds, all atoms in the molecule are in the sameFlat is ()A., B., II. C., D., II2007 college entrance examination questions1. (2007 Guangdong - 32 cases) the following reaction a

30、ccords with the requirements of green chemistry and atom economy(is)A. for the polymerization of ethylene polyethylene polymer material B. and preparation of chlorine methane methaneC. with copper and nitric acid for the production of copper for D. raw material for producing high purity silicon SiO2

31、analytic the meaning of green chemical atom economy is that the utilization rate of atom is high, and the production process is free from pollution. Therefore, choose A.answer A.2. (2007 Shanghai university entrance examination 1) recently, China's Jidong Gulf of Bohai found reserves of 10 tons of large oil fields. The following statement about oil is correctA. petroleum belongs to renewable mineral energy, B. oil mainly contains carbon, hydrogen two elementsThe cracking of C. petroleum is a physical change, and the fractions of D. petroleum fractionatio