高二第十二堂课资料非谓语

1、模块十：非谓语动词一、动词不定式 动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1） 作主语    To learn English well is not easy. 或  It is not easy to learn English well.     It is + adj.+ 动词不定式    如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.   It is + adj.+ for sb. To

2、 do sth.2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语He stopped to have a look. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 4、

3、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语)            (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)    

4、         (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) 5、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.B. The boss made them work the whole ni

5、ght.=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +动词原形" Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the ba

6、by. 7、不定式的难点： 1）用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。 2）It's for sb.和 It's of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 B. o

7、f sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.(人是困难的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。

8、)二、动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3） 动名词作宾语Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。说明 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be g

9、ood at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room4）动名词作定语：动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，例如： a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车5）作同位语His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.

10、注意：动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?My closing the door made him angry.三、分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。现在分词一般有主动、进行的意思，过去分词一般有被动、完成的意思。分词（短语）在剧中可以起四大成分作用：表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。一、 现在分词和过去分词的区别：

11、 主被动 时间性 现在分词（vt./vi.） 主动 正在进行 过去分词 vt. 被动 已完成 vi. 主动 已完成 e.g. vt. Developing country / developed country vt. Changing situation / changed situation vt. Boiling water / boiled water vi. rising sun / risen sun vi. falling leaves / fallen leaves vi. freezing water 极冷的水 / frozen water 冰冻的水 cf. retired

12、workers returned students 归国留学生 escaped prisoners现在分词。作定语。China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at,

13、 notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。3）The story is boring.4）I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.（时间）过去分词1 做定语

14、时I found that broken vase.We have read many stories written by this author.2. 作宾补时 I found the city greatly changed.3. 作状语United, we stand; divided, we fall. 3比较：1）区别动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to do for

15、get doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing 不定式1、考查非谓语动词用作主语【考例】It's very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语1一It's a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as

16、 you like，please Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 2.Mary and I enjoy _ badminton Ato play B playing Cplayed3.-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? 0KI'll do it right now A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening4.-Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three tim

17、es at least Ato understand；readingB understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 5.-How are you feeling here?-It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where6.Many people think it's very important us learn English well. A. fo

18、r, to B. to, to C. with, for7.The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_. A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat8-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions. A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it9It took my daughter

19、 two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.潍坊A. read; writtenB. to read; writtenC. reading; to writeD. to read; wrote10.Drivers are warned _when they are tired 3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语1.Alice asked me another bag for her. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting2.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in

20、summer. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming3.-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret. A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell4.Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps5.Time goes by so fast. We must never

21、 miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈尔滨A. to know B. knowing C. know4、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?1.Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004江西省南昌） Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed5、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty. 1.-Let's go to th

22、e nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying2.In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.乐山A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make练习 分词1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.3.When I got there,

23、I found the farm tools . (repair)4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help.5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.8.The workers had the machines (run) all night l

24、ong to finish the work on time.9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.1. the house on fire, he dialed 119. A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth . A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix3.We're to listen to her voice. It's to hear her sing. A.pleased; pleasing; pleasure B.pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC.pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D.pleasing; pleasant; ple