方言与古音的构拟

1、Dialect and Reconstruction of Ancient Dialect and Reconstruction of Ancient PhonologyPhonology方言与古音的构拟Character：Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren高本汉Theoretical basis：Historical comparative linguistics历史比较法Material：Dialect ，some loan words(借词) in Japan, Korea, Vietnam(越南) Karlgrens pioneering 高本汉的创举 Et

2、udes sur la phonologiechinoise中国音韵学研究was his PhD thesis. This book was a collection of 33 kinds of Chinese dialects materials and listed pronunciation of 3125 characters in dialects. 这本书搜集了33种汉语方言材料，列出3125个汉字在这些方言的读音。 The most significant contribution Karlgren did in academic study is the reconstruc

3、tions about ancient Chinese phonetic system .高本汉学术研究最重大的贡献是对古汉语语音系统的构拟。 1、use phonetic symbols to mark pronunciation 运用注音符号标注读音2、Use historical comparative method to reconstruct历史比较法 compare the differences of dialect or relative language to explore the rule of language developing 比较方言或亲属语言的差异来探索语言发

4、展规律的一种方法 language family tree(语言谱系树) A kind of language can differentiate (分化)into many languages or dialects, these languages have a common original language(原始共同语). This method was originally used to compose proto-indo-european.(原始印欧语) The formation of dialect is due to populations migration (人口迁移

5、) and geographical barriers（地理屏障）. The dialect may retain some of the oldest pronouciation in the dialect . By comparing the sound of different dialects , we can reconstruct ancient sound. 方言的形成随着人口迁移山川的阻隔，彼此缺少交流逐渐变化形成的。在方言中可能保留着一些古老的发音。通过对不同方言的音比较我们可以构拟出古音。广韵见母(initials)在各地的发音见母的拟音可能是：k , , 最终定为 k歌韵(finals)在各方言的发音 歌的拟音可能为，o， a， 最终拟为The content above is just the tip of the iceberg. Many people think phonology is too difficult, just like lost knowledge. But it is also systematic and interesting. We all know what the pronounciation of characters is, and we need