导学案：被动语态

1、被动语态【语言感知】将下列句子译成汉语The Great Wall was built more than 2000 years old. A new bridge is being built across the Changjiang River. The project will (is going to) be finished next month. Many trees have been planted around the lake. Old people should be taken care of/looked after. Books can' t be tak

2、en out of the library.A gift was given to me on my birthday.What are the shirts made of Are they made of cotton Where were they madeAs far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.©The painting isn' t made from grass.【合作探究】一、英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者 时

3、，要用被动语态.二、基本结构:be +过去分词(PP) + (by)不同时态下的被动语态时态助动词be例句一般现在时am/is/are + PPThe student is made to stand there for half an hour.一般过去时was/were + PPA new pen was given to her by her mother yesterday.现在进行时am/is/are being + PPA lot of things are being done by people to save the little girl now.过去进行时was/were

4、 being + PPThe little boy was being beaten by a tall man when I came here.现在完成时have/has been + PPHow many trees have been planted this year过去完成时had /been + PPOur homework had been finished before we went home.一般将来时will/shall be + PPThe play will be put on next Sunday.am/is/are going to be + PPA part

5、y is going to be held next month.过去将来时would/should beHe said that the books would be put away soon.was/were going to be + PP情态动词情态动词+ be + PPThe old people should be taken care of.注意：see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不 带 to：但改成被动语态后必须带 to。常用结构 Be seen to do, be

6、 made to do, be heard to do, be watched to docXHe is often heard to play the guitar.三、主动式表被动的几种特殊情况：1 .动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,>The books sell well. This kind of cloth washes easily.2 .不定式

7、在某些形容词后作状语，且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。difficult, easy, hard, fit, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe, XThe fish is not fit to eat (eat), We find English is hard (learn). The article is difficult (understand).3 .不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时，用主动式表被动 义。<1 have a lot of ho

8、mework (do). I' 11 give him some books (read).4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n,，用主动式表被动义(look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear, make,.)The steel feels cold.5 .表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, move, run,.)>The shop opens at 6 am. every day6.作“需要”讲的want/need/req

9、uire后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作 宾语。KYour jacket needs washing/ to be washed. The book is worth reading.【当堂检测】一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(IX 10=10分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面)1 s said(据说)that the long bridge (build) in two months.to have the meeting (discuss) now.language the most widely (speak) in the world lost boy

10、 (not find) so far.year a large number of trees (cut) down.6. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.8.Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.9.What knives (make) ofThey_(make) of metal (金属)and wood.10.Can the ma

11、gazine (take) outof the library11.The room (clean) by meevery day.12.The stars can' t (see)in the daytime.13.Some flowers (water)by Li Ming already.14.This kind of shoes _ (sell)well.15.How long youruncle (be)in the city16.The food (smell) delicious.find English isn' t hard (learn).三、按要求改写下列

12、句子，一空一词。tea grown in South China (改为主动语态) people tea in South Chinaam given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同义句转换)A birthday present by my parents every year, work is going to be finished in two days.(对划线提问)How the work going to be finished4. The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态)An English song by the children.5. You needn，t do it now.(改为被动语态)It by you now.答案: 一、 be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn" t been found 5. were cut told 7. mu