现在完成时讲解课件

1、上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have (hashave (has）+ + 过去分词过去分词Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I them.现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：

2、主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finish

3、ed my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。（窗户是开着的） The concert has started.音乐会已经开始（音乐会现在在进行） They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了（他们不在这里） 现在完

4、成时不能和表示过去的时间状语不能和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago Just now,when I came in等连用连用。但可以可以和一些不确定的时间状语和一些不确定的时间状语，如already,yetSometimes,often,before,lately,once,never,Just,ever 等连用；也可以和包括现在在可以和包括现在在内的时间状语内的时间状语，如this morning, today, this Week, this year等连用。连用。例如 She has already come.她已

5、经来了。 I havent read it yet.我还没有读过这个 Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗？现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already le

6、ft here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？ yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?b） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever

7、表示表示“曾经曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。上一页下一页I have

8、 learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作

9、或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2. since +从句(一般过去时) 单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been he

10、re since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 注1): sin

11、ce 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood h

12、ere?动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see

13、) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页主菜单4. I _ (read) the novel twice. It4. I _ (read) the n

14、ovel twice. Its interesting.s interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasn5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.t she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software

15、 programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas given

16、has given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We haven1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.t seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 min

17、utes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. It6. Its five years _ we met last time.s five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesi

18、nceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换 英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是终止性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下二是终止性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,read,write,studywork,read,write,study等。这些动词的完成时可以和段时间状等。这些动词的完成时可以和段时间状语连用。终止性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的语连用。终止性动词是指那些动作一

19、次完成，不能延续的动词。如：动词。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begincome, go, buy, die, join, begin等。这些动词的肯等。这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。定式不能和段时间状语连用。 She has been back for two years.(正）正） She has come back for two years（误）（误）终止性动词完成时的否定式终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和段时间状语连用。所以其否定式可以和段时间状语连用。 如：如：I havent

20、 seen him for ages.我好久没见到他了。我好久没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他）（现在仍没见到他） 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但但不能说不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达如果要表达“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时。使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段时间一段时间s

21、ince 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段时间一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的续的动词或者表状态的be+

22、名词形容词或副词名词形容词或副词介词短语等。介词短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe over

23、be onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句be i

24、n schoolbe in the army自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three y

25、ears ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.leave-come/go (to) -arrive

26、 (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这

27、些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思, ,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单 become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe

28、 over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an

29、hour. t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince

30、 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已

31、十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave

32、left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某

33、地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there I have been to

34、Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过）一般过

35、去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的现在的情况情况。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just

36、now,等具等具体的时间状语。体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定等不确定的时间状语。的时间状语。 I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。）（只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

37、（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。）（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。）（她是昨天回来的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。) 注意：注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yes

38、terday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 四四)It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I

39、joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an

40、English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时: : 上一页下一页eg: I saw the fi

41、lm on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语: :上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before ye

42、sterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(刚才刚才) )， 时间时间+ ago, + ago, last +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜单上一页主菜单用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _

43、 the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he

44、_ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has go

45、nehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.

46、The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.

47、 A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will

48、 they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was neve

49、r reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8. 自从自从1992年他住在这里。年