西医综合-内科学-10

1、西医综合-内科学-10(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (1) into a hobby and latelyhas (2) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates (3) Electrical Engineeri

2、ng at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep (4) of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they (5) that theirhomebrewed lists were becoming too long and (6) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they (7) yahoo into a

3、customized database designed to (8) the needs of the thousands of users (9) began to use the service through the closely (10) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (11) locate, identify and edit material (12) on the Internet.The nameYahoo is (13) to stand for "Yet

4、Another Hierarchical Officious Orale", but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (14) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (15) on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was (16) on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".In early 1995

5、Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (17) to larger computers (18) at Netscape. As a resultStanford's computer network returned to (19) , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo (20)organized information on t

6、ens of thousands of computers linked to the web.(分数：10.00)(1) .A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend(分数：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：grow into something 发展成；becamesomething 成为；turn into something 转变成(此处时态不对)；intend something想要，意指。(2) .A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned(分数：0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：turn into something

7、变成；make something into something 把变成；see into something调查，领会，了解；look into something 朝里面看，调查，浏览。A. in B. on C. about D. for(分数：0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：in(the department of)Electrical Engineering电气工程系的，是固定搭配。(4) .A. touch B. contact C. track D. record(分数：0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：keep track of 记录； keep in touch/c

8、ontact with保持联系； keep a record of 记录。(5) .A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported (分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：此处 found 足 rind 的过去式，意为“发现”， found 本身还有建立、 创立的意思， 其过去式是 founded ， argue 争论， report 报道。(6) .A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：unwieldy(因体积庞大或笨重的)不灵便的，难操作的；tou

9、gh粗糙的；tamable可驯服的；invaluable 无价的。(7) .A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted(分数： 0.50)A.B.C.D. V解析：convert A into B 把A转变成B; exchange A for B 把A换成B; shank(花等)从病梗上枯萎脱落; sell something for some money 把卖钱。分数： 0.50 )(8) .A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluateA.B. VC.D.解析： serve the needs 满足需要； e

10、xplain(9).A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerlyA.解释； discover 发现； evaluate 评价。(分数： 0.50 )B.C.D.解析：which(10).A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted A.定语从句中先行词是人时，引导词只能用 。actually 实际上，eagerly 热心地。that或who/whon,先行词为事物时，引导词可用that或分数： 0.50 )B.C. VD.解析： closely bound Internet community 联系紧密、关系

11、密切的互联网社区；的，一般前面不加其他修饰词；interactive交互式的；contact与接触、不作定语。(11).A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actuallyA.B. VC.relative 有关系的、相关建立联系， contacted 一般分数： 0.50 )D.解析： efficiently 高效率地； fluently 流畅地； exactly 正确地； actually (12).A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored(分数： 0.50 )实际上。A.B.C.D. V解析：

12、store 储存； transmit 传输； purchase 购买； sell 卖。(13) .A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed (分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：be supposed to do认为应该； be about/going to do 即将； be bound to do 必定做(14) .A. fable B. model C. name D. brand(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：与前文呼应，选 names fable 神话；model模型；brand商标，牌子。(15) .A. support

13、ed B. resided C. lived D. launched(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.为生；搬进，后面解析： reside vi 居住，位于； support vt 支持； live vi 生活； live on something 以 launch vi 投入，开始。根据下文选B。(16) .A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析： lodge vi 临时住宿，寄宿； connect v 连接； introduce vt 介绍； link v 连接。(17) .A. o

14、ver B. away C. inside D. beneath(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析： move over to 搬至U，此处 over 表示经过一段距离； move away搬离； move inside不用再加介词 to ； move beneath 搬到下面。(18) .A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden (分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：house vt .给房子住，把放在房子里；catch抓；hose用水管淋浇；hide藏。(19) .A. average B. normal C. ordinary D

15、. equal(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.C. 解析： return to normal 恢复正常，固定搭配； normal 正常的； average 平均的； ordinary 平常的； equal 平等的。（20）.A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. contains （分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： attain 获得； maintain 维持，保存； detain 留住，阻止； contain 包含。 Yahoo 从互联网上的上万 台计算机中获取信息，而不是他的信息保存在如此多的计算机上，因为他很大一个业务是搜索引擎。从

16、题 意看，选 A。二、Section n Reading Comprehension（总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A （ 总题数： 0，分数：0.00）四、Text 1 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most effective form is the

17、American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national leaders understand t

18、hat the university is the critical catalyst for America's adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a decisive role in res

19、haping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a nation has 1Seen c

20、oasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost itsedge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. Thecountry no longerdominates scientific discovery, innovationor exploration. Most important, the United States hasnot launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasing

21、ly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that America's university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceasedto grow. Furthermore, America's university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social mobility and

22、immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the worldto attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longer the leaders

23、 in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science a

24、nd to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confidence based on

25、 past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; design entirely

26、new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.(1) .According to the author, US modern universities A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D is a place for innovatio

27、n and creation. (分数： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析：本题为细节理解题。文中指出“ Its most effective form is the American adaptatio n of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a singleinstitution. ”。选项 A在文中并未涉及，并且同后文中所提出的问题相矛盾。B同后文中指出的发展停滞相悖。D过于片面，仅仅强调了创新的内容，而忽略了将成果进行转化和教育的内容。因此C最符合要求。

28、(2) .New universities have been established among many other countries in order to A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.(分数： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析：本题为推理判断题。文中指出“ Many national leaders understandthat t

29、he university is thecritical catalyst for America's adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up.”由此可见，其他国家大力发展大学的主要动力是为了获取同美国一样的发展能力，因此应当选 B。(3) .What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predom

30、inant position in artistic innovations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.(分数： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V解析：本题为细节理解题。文中提到“ the country no longer dominates scientific discovery

31、,innovation or exploration"，因此选项A不恰当误。根据“ the United States has not launched anyeffort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 milli on. ”可以判断 B 不恰当误。文中提到“ America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of

32、 the world to attract the best and the brightest”，但是并没有提到美国在吸引人才方面遭遇失败，因此 C 不正确。根据“ This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments ”可以确定 D 正确。(4) .Which of the following is the goal of China t

33、o build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.A.B. V

34、C.D.解析：本题为细节理解题。文章中提到“ Its long -term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneursh i

35、p and the creative process ”，这样可以排除与原文意思不符的A、 D 两项，而当前占据领导地位的依然是美国，C在文中并未提及，应予以排除，故本题选择B项。（5）.It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system

36、for learning and researching.D spending more money for hardware improvement. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD. 解析：本题为推理判断题。文章最后一段中指出了美国大学的发展方向是发展更加有利于国家进步的教学科研环境。选项A的内容仅仅对于吸引人才有一定作用。B的内容过于片面。D并不符合总体改革原则，因此 C 最符合题意。五、Text 2 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）One reason many politicians behave badly these days is that we spend l

37、ess time thinking about what it means to behave well. This was less of a problem in past centuries when leaders, teachers and clergy held detailed debates over what it meant to have good character.In the 18th century, for example, Edmund Burke composed a long, famous passage defining the standards o

38、f political excellence. In the 19th century, Anthony Trollope wrote a series of popular novels fussing over what it means to behave well in political life. Trollope's view was different than ours. ManyAmericans today assume that people are born with a good Inner Self but get corrupted by politic

39、s. American voters are always looking for the Innocent Outsider who can come in and bring sweeping change.Trollope admired Prudent Insiders, not Innocent Outsiders. His most admirable characters have been educated by long experience. They have grown mature by exercising responsibility. They have bee

40、n ennobled by custom and civilization. In his books, powerless outsiders often behave self-indulgently and irresponsibly. Those who are in government have to grapple with the world as it really is.Trollope's ideal politicianswho have names like Plantagenet Palliser, Joshua Monk and the Dukeof St

41、. Bungay put service before independence. Their party and their country have asked them to accept certain duties and face certain problems, and they just get on with it. They are more weighty, but also more boring.Trollope's ideal politicians share certain traits. They are reserved, prudent and

42、scrupulous. They immerse themselves in dull practical questions like, say, converting the currency system.They are not sweeping thinkers, but they make sensitive discriminations about the people and the circumstances around them. They learn to operate within the constraints imposed by their idiom, a

43、nd they don't whine or complain about those constraints. They develop delicate understandings of what is required in a given place in time.Trollope's ideal leaders are not glamorous celebrities of the sort we have come to long for since J. F. Kennedy. They are more like seamen or carpenters.

44、 They are judged by their professionalcraftsmanship. They are thin-skinned about any moral transgression they might commit and rigorously honest when judging themselves. They try to make things better but are acutely aware that everything they do might make things worse. Trollope's leaders don&#

45、39;t embrace change quickly but have to be dragged into embracing it after much interrogation, and the change they prefer is incremental.Trollope praises one of his prime ministers, Plantagenet Palliser, for "that exquisite combination of conservatism and progress which is his country's pre

46、sent strength and her best security for the future. " Trollope's readers would have come away from his books with a certain model for how practical people should behave, which they could either copy or argue with. I'm not sure his exemplars could thrive amid the TV politics of today, wh

47、ich calls for grand promises and bold colors. But there are prudent, reserved people in government even now.（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.By mentioning Burke and Trollope, the author means to emphasize the idea thatA the modern silence on what good behavior is leads to its decline.B moral standards in the 19th ce

48、ntury were different from modern standards.C American voters are less confident of their choice of political leaders.D lack of responsibility is what is wrong with modern politicians. （分数： 2.00 ）A. VB.C.B. 解析：第一段提到，许多政治家行为不端，其中一个原因是人们很少去想什么是好行为。但是，在以前， 你们经常围绕什么是好行为和好人格进行深入争论， 因此在那个时代， 很少有政治家存在行为不端的问

49、题。 第二段提到 Edmund Burke 和 Anthony Trollope 的例子，用来说明第一段提出的观点。这两个人的共同之 处是深入探讨了什么是良好的政治行为。（2）.A Prudent Insider is oneA who can come up with ideas in reforming the outside world.B who shows little concern about the outside world as it really is.C whose well-trained mind enables him to make sound judgment

50、.D whose education helps him to free himself from customs and traditions. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： Tollope 区分了两种人：一种是天真的外人，另一种是审慎的内部人士。第三、四段对后者的特点 进行了详细说明，即他们有丰富经验，有责任心，习俗和文明使他们变得高贵。他们保守、审慎、严肃认 真，愿意处理无聊的现实问题，他们对周同的人及其环境有敏锐的判断力，他们懂得在习惯设定的限制范 围内工作，并对此不加抱怨。他们能及时对某个场合所需要的东西形成微妙的认识等。第五、六段也对 Prudent Insid

51、er 的政治品质做出了说明。从这些品质来看，他们受过良好的训练，有责任心和判断力， 能够任劳任怨地工作。（3）.Trollope's ideal politicians have all the following traits exceptA an admirable sense of responsibility.B a commitment to routine government work.C a sensitive discrimination against impatient people.D a lesser sense of independence. （分数： 2

52、.00 ）A.B.D.解析：第五段中 they make sensitive discriminations about the people and the circumstances around them是说他们（指Prudent Insiders，也就是Trollope 理想中的政治家）对自己周边的人和环境有敏感的判断力。这里，discrimination 意为the ability to make sound judgment（拥有良好的判断能力），这时其后接 about 或 between 等；如果 discrimination 后接 against 贝U表示"对歧视”。

53、（4）.Unlike such leaders as Kennedy, Trollope's political leadersA are born of humble or modest origins.B have the intention of making themselves famous.C often make things worse when they engage in reforms.D do not embrace radical political changes.（分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：第二段提到，Prudent Insiders不

54、同于肯尼迪这样明星式的政治家。他们按自己的职业才能判断自己的能力，他们对违背道德的行为很敏感，实事求是地对待自己的过错。他们不会迅速接受变革，但是经 过质询之后也会被拖人对改革的支持中，他们更喜欢渐进的变革。（5）.Towards today's conservative leaders, the author's attitude isA critical. B admirable. C suspicious. D tolerant.（分数：2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：实际上，Trollope 所认同的政治领袖是政治上保守的人，他们身上体现了保守主义和社会进步的结

55、合。作者说，Trollope的政治家在今天电视主导的政治氛围内是否能取得成功，这是值得怀疑的，因为今 天的政治家要善于做出大的许诺、善于张扬，但是，即使在今天，在政府中也有Trollope所赞赏的那种政治家存在。从最后一段和第一、二段可以看出，本文作者对Trollope所赞赏的政治家是认可的，认为他们是好政治家。六、Text 3 （总题数：1,分数：10.00）The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names beh

56、ind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word "hacker" didn' t have thenegative connotation it

57、 has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosityanda need to be challenged, appears to be dead.The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, a

58、s it used to be. Instead, most of today's hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or someother malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides t