英语语法学习整理

1、. 语法一 =从句从句的做题思路=判定是什么从句一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）1 修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。2 连接词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as What/how>< 既起连接作用/有充当句子成分3 先行词 n./pron -被定语从句修饰的根据先行词选择连接词物：which/that/whose人：who/whom/that/whose时间：when/which/that地点：where/which /thatReason: 从句完整why/for which；从句不完整which/that/-

2、Way: 从句完整 in which/that/-; 从句不完整which/that/-I dont like the way in which/that/- you speak to your parents.He found the way which/that was reasonable to solve the problem.当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（的）物：whose+n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which人：whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+ of whomThe room, of wh

3、ich the window faces south is mine.The girl, whose father died is our monitor.4 只能用that 不能用which(重点前5种情况)（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，the one等。All that can be done has been done.（2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.（

4、3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the first letter that Ive written in Japanese.（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时 This is the very book that I am looking for.（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。China isnt the country that

5、she used to be 50 years ago.（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？5 永远不用that =介词/逗号之后6 当先行词是时间/地点时 when /where /that/which/-When=介词+which=介词+时间Where=介词+which = 介词+地点Which/that= 时间/地点当从句完整时，用When/ Where/介词+which当从句不完整时，用which/that/-e.g. I still remember the da

6、ys that/which/- we spent at the seaside last summer.This is the factory in which/ where his parents used to work.The library _where/in which_ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _which/that_ was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.The library _which/that/-_ you visited yesterday

7、 was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _when/on which_ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _that/which/-_ I spent on campus.Ill never forget the time _that/which_ was spent with you.7. as与which的比较：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。They failed in the exam，as/whic

8、h is natural.As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.（2）as“正如，就像” Which “这一点/这个/这件事” He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy. A. as B. which C. that D. it He is careless, which caused the accident. He is late again, as/which we expected.8. 当先行词被the same，such

9、，so修饰时， This is the same book as you bought yesterday. 同一类 .that 同一个This was so difficult a problem as we couldnt work out.（后面句子不完整）This was so difficult a problem that we couldnt work it out.（后面句子完整）This was such a difficult problem 1. The old man returned to China, he left 20 years ago.A. where B.

10、 which C. that D. how2. When is your husbands birthday? - The same day of my birthday, _ I cant forget.A. that B. when C. which D. it3. Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. which B. when C. that D. if4. Mr Green drove his car very slowly until he came to the freewa

11、y, _ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.A. which B. that C. when D. where.5. The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people. A. that B. when C. in which D. on which6. I know the boy _ you gave the book

12、_.A.whom；toB.which；toC.to whom；toD.that；to him7. Harbin is the very place _ Im anxious to pay a visit.A.that B.whichC.on which D.to which8. Have you been to Hangzhou，_ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country？A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.where9. I know the student _ you borrowed the pen.A.that B.from

13、 whomC.from whichD.whom10. Here are players from Japan，_ are our old friends.A.thatB.whereC.theyD.who11.They arrived at the farmhouse，in front of _ sat a small boy.A.the placeB.itC.whichD.that12. That is the day _ Ill never forget.A./ B.on whichC.in whichD.when13.The letter is from my sister，_ is wo

14、rking in Beijing.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.she14. I lost a book，_ I cant remember now.A.its title B.whose title C.the title of it D.the title of that15. I want to use the same dictionary _ was used yesterday.A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as16. He is good at English，_ we all know.A.thatB.asC.thisD.what17. Ill never

15、 forget the days _ we spent together in the countryside.A.whenB.on whichC.whichD.in which18. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.A.thatB.whichC.now thatD.if19. He is the only one of the students _ from Shanghai.A.who isB.who areC.they are D.that come20. Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts wh

16、o _ in China.A.worksB.is workingC.are workingD.has been working21. I，who _ in America，feel proud of being a Chinese.A.isB./C.amD.being22.The boy failed in the exam again，_ made his parents disappointed.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what23.The doctors and nurses did _ they could to help the wounded.A.all whatB.

17、all whichC.everything whatD.all thatThey did all (that they could do) to help the boy.24. Hell never forget the people and the place _ she visited in Beijing last year.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where25. Do you know the reason _ he was late？A.for whatB.whichC.for whichD.thatDo you believe the reason he ga

18、ve for his being late?ACBDA ADABD CACBD BCAAC CBDAC定语从句练习I.Multiple choices1. Guilin is the most beautiful place _ everyone all over the world wants to visit? A. thatB. which C. whatD. where2. Has everything _ can be done been done? A. that B. which C. whatD. / 3. I dont like the way _ you speak to

19、her. A. whichB. in which C. in that D. of which4. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. that C. this D. which5. The Smiths will move into their new house next Wednesday, _ it will be completely finished. A. by which time B. by the time C. thatD. which6. In the dark

20、 street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom7. Mrs. Brown,_ department I work, is a friendly woman. A. whoseB. which C. in whoseD.in which8. Could you suggest a time _ it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine? A. thatB. which

21、C. whenD. in that9. Next winter, _ you will spend in Hong Kong, I am sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. whichB. thatC. whenD. in which 10. Is this the research center _ you visited the modern equipment last month? A. whichB. whereC. that D. the one that 11. Is this the research center _ you

22、visited last month? A. in which B. whereC. thatD. the one that 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?例2. Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?例3. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. thatC. on whichD. the one变为肯定句： 1. This museum is _ you visited a few days

23、ago.2. This is the museum _you visited a few days ago.3. This is the museum_ the exhibition was held.12. Can you tell me the reason _ you wanted to break the window? A. whichB. thatC. becauseD. Why13. I dont believe the reason _ you told me yesterday. A. for whichB. thatC. becauseD. why 14. _ is exp

24、ected, the French team won the football match. A. WhichB. As C. ThatD. What15. Dont read such books _ are not worth reading. A. thatB. whichC. asD. /16. _ is reported in the newspaper, Doctor Li will visit our town next week.17.He is late for school again, _is often the case. 18. _we know, smoking i

25、s harmful to one's health.19. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us. A. as B which C. that D. It20. He is _brave a man_ ever lived.21. Dont read _books _ are not worth reading22. He is _ an honest man _ we respect him23. He is _ an honest man _we respect. A. suchas B. such. that24.

26、I want to buy the same TV set _he bought.25. This is the same book _ I lostA. as B. that26. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood. A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. where; that27. The meeting was put off, _ was exactly _ we wanted. A. wh

27、ich; which B. as; thatC. which; whatD. it; that28. It is such a good place _ everybody wants to visit _ it is well-known all over the world. A. which; that B. as; asC. as; thatD.that; as29.- “Where did you meet your old friend?” - “It was in the hotel _ I was staying.” A. thatB. when C. where D. Whi

28、chII. Find out mistakes in the following sentences:1) He is the only one of the boys who are praised. 2）Is this school the one that you worked last year？3）Is this the school where you visited last year？ 4）He failed in the examination, it made his mother angry 5）The rich, for whose money is not a pro

29、blem, always buy big houses and expensive cars. 6）I'll never forget the days when I spent in the country.7) With everything she needed buying, she went home.8）It was so difficult a problem that no one can work out.9) It is this house that I was brought up.10) It is known to all , he is the best

30、student in our class11) Thanks for your gift. This is exactly that I wanted.12) Jack is a man whom I believe is honest.二、名词性从句 陈述语序主语从句What I say is true宾语从句He wont believe what I say.表语从句That is what I said.同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，

31、从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。I have forgotten where we went yesterday.Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers.Oh! This is where we came yesterday. This is the place where we came yesterday.Here, he made the promise that he would come here 10 years later.I will make a mark where he mad

32、e the promise.需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That 只有在宾语从句中可以省略。1. _ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.A.不填 B. Whenever C. What D. When2. There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put to good use.A. which B. if C. wh

33、ether D. that3. Hes bought a cottage for _ he retires, with the money he saved.A. When B. where C. what D. which (哪一个、哪一些)-It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.-Do you think it possible that we take over Taiwan?-Of course. It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。It is pretty well understood _

34、 controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.A. That B. when C. what D. howWhy dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A. This B. what C. thatD. it表“是否”时只用whether不用if:1. Whether the president will come is not known yet. (主从)2. The problem is whethe

35、r we need it.（表从）3. The problem whether we will build another school hasnt been settled.（同位语从句）4. He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. （介词之后）5. It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. （whether or /or not）6. I dont know whether to go.（动词不定式之前）三、 状语从句（主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修

36、饰关系的，一般就是状从）1. 关于when/while/as 都有“当时” When I arrived, he had already left.Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （当时） As the sun set in the west, it became darker and darker. As time goes by/as the economy developsWhen (正在这时)Be about to do. When Be doing whenHad just done whenBe on th

37、e point of doing whenWhen=since whileHe likes pop music while I am fond of classical music. (而)Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （当时）While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. （虽然）asA. 随着+句子 as time went by as the economy develops With the exam coming/drawing near /a

38、pproachingB. 像 + 句子 It looks a little ugly as it is .C. 作为 +短语 treat / regard / consider / think of / look on as （把 作为来对待）D. 因为+句子 because /since/forAs you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort / pains to study. E. 正如 / 就像As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.As an old

39、saying goes, its not until the Dragon Boat Festival that we can put away warm clothes.F. 虽然 + 句子（倒装）= though 放句首a. 表语提前Young as/though he is, he speaks English fluently.Child as he is, he knows a lot. （冠词去掉）b. 副词提前Much as he likes her, he dare not tell her.=Although(><though) he likes her very

40、 much, he dare not tell her.=He dare not tell her, though he likes her very much. though（放主句后面不倒装）c. 动词提前Try as she may, she still couldnt convince her parents that she was more suitable for a lawyer than a teacher.d. 补语提前Pleasant as they made it to travel, we felt tired after the long journey.Altho

41、ugh they made it pleasant to travel,2. 关于since/before/untilIt is/has been several months since we last spent the holiday in the country together.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.Before He left before I could say “thank you” to him. 来不及Three years passed before I knew it. 才It w

42、ont be long before we have a monthly exam.It will be ten years before we meet again. It was ten years before they met again.Until/till (主句谓语持续性)Not until(主句谓语短暂性)George worked for IBM until/till 2000. 直到靠近，我才认出他。Until he came up to me, I recognized him. （此句错误）=I didnt recognize him until he came up

43、to me.3. 关于“一就” Hardly when No sooner than As soon as The moment/time/minute/second +句子 Immediately/instantly/directly +句子 On doing/名词Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.The moment she saw the robber, she screamed.Instantly he saw the drowning girl, he jumped into the

44、river.Upon arrival/ On arrival / On arriving, I will pay a visit to you first.4 It is/was +时间点+when 与强调句型的区别 It was midnight I fell asleep.A. when B. that C. while D. becauseIt was at noon we arrived in the village. A. before B. while C. when D. that5 Unless 如果不（除非）/if 如果 _you go all out to do the w

45、ork, I don't think you can achieve your goal as planned.A. UnlessB. Even C. SinceD. TillHe never speaks _ he is spoken to, for he is not much of a speaker.A.when B.if C.unless D.until6 as if(though) 似乎/仿佛/好像 +真实/虚拟7 even if /though 即使8 in case/for fear that 以防/惟恐9 What/whatever/no matter what; h

46、ow/however/no matter howWhat(ever) +名词 How(ever) +形容词/副词Whatever difficulties we meet with, it is best to face them and try to solve them.However late it is, Ill wait for you.No matter how busy he is, he is ready to help others.No matter +疑问词=引导状从疑问词 +ever=引导名从/状从Whatever you say, I wont believe you

47、. = No matter what（状语从句）I wont believe whatever you say. = anything that（宾语从句） Whoever / No matter who comes, dont let him in. （状语从句）Whoever / Anyone who leaves last should turn off the lights. （主语从句）10 Where +句子 （特别是引导地点状从和定从的区别） I have forgotten where we went yesterday.Where we went yesterday is c

48、overed with all kinds of flowers.Oh! This is where we came yesterday. This is the place where/in which we came yesterday.I will make a mark where the teacher emphasizes.11 now that=since=when; in that=because; not thatbut that=not becausebut because12. 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，This is the same book

49、as you bought yesterday. 同一类 .that 同一个This was so difficult a problem as we couldnt work out.（后面句子不完整）This was so difficult a problem that we couldnt work it out.（后面句子完整）This was such a difficult problem 1The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he went to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever

50、C. where D. wherever2. The photo was taken _ stood a famous high tower.A. where B. in which C. which D. there3.You must be firm _ you think yourself to be right.A. in which B. where C. what D. no matter how4. The writer has written many English poems, _ his teachers and friends hadnt expected.A. as

51、B. which C. of which D. that 5. Such things _ you described are rare now.A. like B. as C. that D. which6_ life pace continues to speed up, we are quickly losing up the art of enjoyment.A. With B. As C. when D. While 7_ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As8After the

52、war, a new school was put up _ there had been a theater.A. that B. where C. which D. what9You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where C. what D. which10_ it is true that a successful businessman or inventor will usually become rich, many other people who are outstanding in their fields take little notice of personal possessions.A.