特殊句式 2014

1、专题八 特殊句式特殊句型 主要涉及强调句型、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、There be句型、倒装句及省略句。 高考概况高考概况(1) 题目相对简单，单考生的得分率比较低(2) 从考查内容看，倒装句、强调句、省略句考查较多(3) 在单项选择、语法填空、完形填空中可以见到对特殊句式的考查. 高考策略高考策略(1) 加强固定句型和固定用法记忆(2) 加强贴近高考的典型题训练.Sports Meeting ReportIf you were the announcer, decide which report to take, why?The mens 110 hurdles come now. T

2、he athletes rush out.They jump up.John runs so fast that he breaks the school record.We shall never forget the exciting moment.Now come the mens 110 hurdles.Out rush the athletes.Up they jump.So fast does John run that he breaks the school record.Never shall we forget the exciting moment.Report OneR

3、eport two倒装句 英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后（主语（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语（谓语+主语）主语）,就叫就叫倒装结构倒装结构。如果全部谓。如果全部谓语放在主语之前语放在主语之前, 叫叫全部倒装全部倒装; 如果只把助动如果只把助动词或词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。部分倒装。inversions基本语序基本语序（natural order）：）：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 （subject + predicate+ object）I love English.谓语谓

4、语+主语主语完全倒装完全倒装 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+ 主语主语 + 动词动词部分倒装部分倒装 (partial inversion)Nerve will I forgive you. There lived a girl called A Qiao long ago. _ 2. Here comes your husband. _ 3. Out rushed the children. _ 4. In the front of the classroom sits a professor. _ 5. S

5、itting in the front are the leaders of the school. _Read, change the order and discover the ruleA girl called A Qiao lived there long ago.Your husband comes here.The children rushed out.A professor sits in front of the classroom.The leaders of the school are sitting in the front.1、完全倒装、完全倒装1. There

6、be1. There be结构。另外结构。另外, ,在此结构中可以用在此结构中可以用来代替来代替bebe动词的动词有动词的动词有: :exist, seem, exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, standhappen, appear, live, rise, stand等。等。如如: :There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.巩固练习:1) _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A.

7、There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at2 (1).在以在以here、there、now、then等副词开等副词开头的句子里。头的句子里。 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语 结构。 Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.

8、如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装就不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2). 表示方向的副词表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于等置于句首句首,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy.2) There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is

9、 she C. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she 3) Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rushB. rushed he C. he rushedD. he did rush4) _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped

10、the robber D. Down the robber jumped(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)在句首时。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree

11、was lying a wounded soldier. 5) Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an oldB. had a so oldC. was such old aD. is so an old3.做表语的形容词，分词或介词短语位于句首做表语的形容词，分词或介词短语位于句首时。时。如如:Present at the meeting were some important figures.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.6

12、) _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was soD. So was Einstein7) _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does

13、/ did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 1. 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等, 如:Not a word did I say to him.Never ha

14、ve I found him so happy.Little does he care about what I said.I cant swim. Neither can he.No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.巩固练习:1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that

15、before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. only + 状语短语或状语从句状语短语或状语从句放在句首放在句首,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。如如: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)Only t

16、hen did I realize the importance of math. (副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 4) Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to 5) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A.

17、 he could B. he was able to C. was he able toD. was able to he3. so或或so引导的短语放在句首引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。如如: I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.6) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did CharlieB. Charlie did so C. Charli

18、e does soD. did Charlie so7) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could4. Not only + 分句分句,but also + 分句分句句型中的句型中的前前一分句要部分倒装一分句要部分倒装。如如: Not only does John love Chinese, he is also go

19、od at speaking it. 但但not only.but also.连接主语时连接主语时,不倒装。不倒装。如如:Not only the mother but also the children are sick.8) _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was5. Not until放在句首放在句首,从句不倒装从句不倒装,主句倒装主句倒装。如如: Not until last week did the

20、y find the lost bike. (简单句)Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)9) Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is. A. man didB. manC. didnt manD. did man10) Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I

21、B. did I C. I didntD. I6. 在以在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词等方式或频度副词(短语短语)开头的句子中开头的句子中,要用部要用部分倒装结构。分倒装结构。如如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.12) Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boy C. did the boy goD. did go the boy7.用于某

22、些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 巧记倒装句巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。式。 NBNB前倒后不前倒后不， O O，NUNU主倒从不倒主倒从不倒， 2N2N前倒后也倒前倒后也倒， NM NM前后均不倒前后均不倒。 NB代表代表Not only，but also引导的并列句。引导的并列句。 not only位于句首位于句首

23、时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒前倒后不倒后不倒”。如：。如： 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）O O代表代表onlyonly状语从句；状语从句；NUNU代表代表Not untilNot until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句

24、状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒主倒从不倒”。如：。如：1 1）Only when he told me did I know itOnly when he told me did I know it2 2）Not until I began to work did I Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedrealize how much time I had wastedNo soonerthanNo soonerthan，HardlyHar

25、dlyScarcelywhenScarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法。如：等句型也属此类用法。如：No soonerNo sooner（HardlyHardly） had we reached home had we reached home thanthan（whenwhen）it began to rainit began to rain2N2N代表代表NeithernorNeithernor所引导所引导的并列句。的并列句。2N2N若位于两分句之首，若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后前倒后也倒也倒”。如：。如：Neither do I know her

26、nameNeither do I know her name，nor does he.nor does he.NM即即No matter引导的状语从句。引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即即“前后均不倒前后均不倒”。如：。如：No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us 强调句主要有以下四大考点： （1）考查强调句式的基本结构 （2）考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式 （3）考查强调句式的疑问句 （4）考查强调句式的正确判断It is (was) +被强调部分被强调部分+ that

27、(who)+ 句句子其他部分子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、主语、宾语宾语、表语和状语。表语和状语。强调句结构 强调句型的判断 把“It, be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构 仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么 这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。 如： （1）It is he who / that often helps me with my English. It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year. It was because of bad weather tha

28、t the football match had to be put off.(Shanghai 2003, spring) 分析：去掉It is / was. that / who 句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。 It was 9 oclock when we came back 我们回来时是九点钟。我们回来时是九点钟。 It was 3 hours since we had come back 我们回来已三个小时了。我们回来已三个小时了。分析：分析： 在上面例句中若去掉在上面例句中若去掉It was. when / before / since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是

29、强调句。等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。 It was at the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. It was the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. A. which B. that C. whereD. the oneCBIs it _ who wants to see you?A. him B. he C. his D. himselfIt was _ who respected all their teachers.A. them B. their C. they D. themselvesCB强调部分如果是人

30、称代词，应根据句子强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式需要选择它的主格或宾格形式 It _ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .A. was B. are C. were D. had beenAIt _ at Christmas that John Smith gave Mary a handbag.A. must have B. will be C. might have been D. may have hadC 注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性

31、强调句型中的强调句型中的bebe动词和情态动词的结合动词和情态动词的结合It may be + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.It must have been + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.Could it be + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday. A. what B. since C. that D. thenIt may be next week _she leaves for Tokyo. CC被强调的主语要和被强调的主语要和thatthat后面的

32、谓语动词后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。在数上保持一致。 （1）It is Mary who often_( help) me with my English. （2）It is I that _(be)against you. （3）It is the boy students of Class Two who _(be)playing football on the playground. （4）It is Mr. Green ,together with his wife and children ,that _in China now.A areB isC wasD werehelpsa

33、mareBWho was it _ wanted to see me just now ? A. that B. who C. when D. whenA_ you met the foreigner from Canada ?A. Where it was that B. Who it was that C. Where was it that D. Where was thatC强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相 同，即：同，即：“疑问词疑问词 + + 一般疑问句一般疑问句” Eg: Wher

34、e did you see her cellphone yesterday ? Where was it that you saw her cellphone yesterday?（强调特殊疑问词强调特殊疑问词where） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。部分（陈述语序）。How will you go to visit her tomorrow? How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow? （强调特殊（强调特殊疑问词疑问词how） (22) I really do

35、nt know _I had my money stolen.A where is it that B when it is that C where it was that D it was where thatC_ is it _has made Peter _he is today?A. What; that; that B. That; that; whatC. What; what; that D. What; that; what简析简析：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：It is determination that has m

36、ade Peter what he is today.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问What is it that has made Peter what he is today? 结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。 强调句型和（强调句型和（not）until句型的结合。句型的结合。句式特征为句式特征为:It is/ was until +被强调部分被强调部分+that +延续动词延续动词It is/ was not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that+短暂动短暂动词词如：用强调句型对I didnt leave until it got dark.中的划线

37、部分进行强调，则变成：It was not until he came back that I knew the result. 简析简析：注意此种情况下否定词：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。定转移的一种形式。 It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. which B. when C. that D. sinceC It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _I reali

38、zed she was a famous film star. A. when ; that B. until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; thenB注意注意 not . until 句型的变化。比较下列句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：三个句子：She didnt remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with th

39、e doctor.Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died ?A. that B. in which C. in where D. whichAIt was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class .A. that B. which C. where D. whyC强调部分为介词短语时，表示时间或地点时，强调部分

40、为介词短语时，表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别应注意与定语从句的区别 强调句中含有名词性从句强调句中含有名词性从句Ive already forgotten_you put the dictionary. A. that it was thereB. where was it thatC. that where it wasD. where it was thatD强调句中含有同位语从句强调句中含有同位语从句It was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision_we should send more firefighters t

41、here. A. when, which B. where , whatC. then, so D. that, thatD强调句中含有定语从句强调句中含有定语从句It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which, that B. that, whereC. which , which D. that, whichACould it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _

42、 you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where需要注意的地方：需要注意的地方：（1）如果原句中的谓语动词为现在或将来时）如果原句中的谓语动词为现在或将来时的各种时态，就用的各种时态，就用“ it is”,如果原句中的谓如果原句中的谓语动词为过去时的各种时态，则用语动词为过去时的各种时态，则用“it was”（2）不论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，一）不论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，一律用律用“it is/was +who(that).1It is not help but obs

43、tacles that make a man. 简析简析：本句译为：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力是阻力”。注意。注意obstacles和和make形成主谓一致形成主谓一致关系。关系。2Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame. A. is B. that is C. are D. who are 简析简析：此句被强调部分中的：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过，通过rather than与与the sales

44、girls形形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选应选B。 强调句型的反意疑问句形式强调句型的反意疑问句形式 句式特征为：句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that，isnt / wasnt it？ 11It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _? A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it 简析简析：答案答案C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语强

45、调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定前肯定后否定后否定”的原则。的原则。 省略省略 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：1.1.前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时可前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时可以单纯使用不定式符号以单纯使用不定式符号totoHe didnt come though he promised to (come). I asked him to see the film，but

46、 he didnt want to . 注意：如果该谓语是注意：如果该谓语是be动词或完成时态，动词或完成时态，则须在则须在to之后加上之后加上be或或have。e.g. - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have.- Have you cleaned the class room?-No, but_.A. I am B. I am just going C. I am going D. I am just going to I

47、n my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_A. it used to B. it is used to C. it was used to D. It used to beDD（二）并列句中的省略（二）并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。一分句中相同的部分。e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (

48、studies) at high school. They dont agree with you, neither do I. She was poor but (she was) honest. 状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构这时从句中可出现如下结构:Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.He looks as if ( he was)

49、 an official.Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret. 当从句主语是当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词谓语动词有含有系动词be时时,可以可以把把 it系动词系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unless, when， where, whenever）+possible/necessary的结构。的结构。 Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary. Fill in the blanks with art

50、icles where (it is) necessary.If possible, bring me a pair of gloves. 宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略 在在Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess ,suppose，expect等作答等作答句，后面常用省略形式。句，后面常用省略形式。 肯定用肯定用so 否定用否定用not - Do you think it will rain? - I guess so. 当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省

51、略。及各种形式，则不定式可省略。What he wants to do is (to) go home.介词介词but/except/besides前面有动词前面有动词do，后面，后面的不定式省的不定式省to。 He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。情态动词情态动词should的省略的省略 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask. Its necessary/important/imp

52、ossible/strange / natural/a pity/vital虚拟语气 省略IF 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，时，if可可以省略，这时条件从句要用以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装倒装语序，即把语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首等词置于句首 eg： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers, we would

53、 have hired him to work here.注意： 如果条件从句的谓语为否定式，其中的否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成werent, shouldnt, hadnt 而置于句首 If I hadnt warned you, you could have been killed. Hadnt I warned you, you could have been killed. (错误) Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. (正确）高考链接（2014大纲卷）26. _ the

54、nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 【考点】考察部分倒装【答案】D （2014福建卷）28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30C in summer. A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so 【考点】考察省略句 【答案】B （2014湖南卷

55、）21.Children，when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A. to be accompaniedB. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied 【考点】考察状语从句和省略 【答案】D（2014湖南卷）29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did

56、you keep 【考点】考察倒装句 【答案】A （2014湖南卷）33. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_ makes life happy. A. that B. whichC. what D. who【考点】考察强调句型 【答案】A （2014陕西卷）17. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has【考点】考察倒装句 【答案】A （2014四川卷）3. Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry? A. why B. who C. where D. that 【考点】考察强调句型的一般疑问句 【答案】D（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to g