2011届高考英语一轮精品复习学案--必修1unit5nelsonmandela-amodernhero

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 复习目标闯关要点名师讲解【重点单词】1. active adj.积极的，灵活的，活性的Over seventy as he is, he is still active. I can t tell whether it is an active volcano.拓展：be active in 在 方面活跃，积极参加take an active part in 积极参加act n./v.行为，举动，行动action n.行为，做法activity n. 活动actor/ actress n. （男女）演员2. devote

2、 vt. 投入；献身devote to 献身于；专心于在 devote to 短语中， to 是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意 ） ; stick to （坚持 ） ; lead to （导致 ） ; prefer to（相比 更喜欢 ） ; look forward to（盼望 ）; 典例 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。【即境活用】汉译英

3、1). 她深爱她的孩子。2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks. 3. vote v. 投票（决定） ；选举n. 投票 , 选票 ,表决 , 得票数相关短语vote for/against 投票赞成 /反对vote through 表决通过vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举put to the vote 将 付诸表决take/have a vote on 对 进行表决典例 1). We v

4、oted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). We ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。【即境活用】用恰当的介词或副词填空。1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority. 2). Shall we take a vote the question? 3). The

5、 issue was put the vote. 4). Was the vote or the matter? Keys: 1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against 4. equal adj.相同的；平等的,等于He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces. 他让我们把苹果切成三等份。【拓展延伸】be equal to sth/ doing sth.胜任某事 / 做某事Are you equal to (doing) the task? 你能胜任这项工作吗？Vt. 等于，比得上A equal

6、s B. A 等于 B。None of us can equal her in height/diligence/patience/strength/intelligence. 我们中没人在身高/勤奋 /耐心 /力气 /智力方面比得上她。n. 同等 /相等的人或物be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比，无比Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China. 在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球队员。【举一反三】be similar to 同 -相似be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知be fam

7、iliar with sth. 熟悉某物be indifferent to sth. 对某事不关心，不在乎，不感兴趣be kind to 对 -和蔼be polite to 对- 很有礼貌be friendly to 对 -很友好【即境活用】He doubted whether she would be_to the task. A. equal B. similar C. familiar D. content 【解析】 A 考查形容词词义辨析和搭配。be equal to sth. 胜任 -符合句意， content “ 满意的，满足的 ” 。5. escape v.& n. 逃脱

8、；逃生；泄露6. reward n.报答；酬金：为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓获罪犯而得900 美元酬金Its a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报【相关短语】as a reward (for) 作为（对某事的）报酬（或奖赏）give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬in reward for 为酬答 -，作为奖励- It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard

9、 work. 他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平vt. 酬谢，奖赏；报应；惩罚（坏人或坏事）How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢？Phrases: reward sb.(with-)for sth. 为某事（而以-）报答 - Reward sb. for sth. 因某事使某人得到报应或惩罚He will sooner or later be rewarded for bad deeds. 他迟早会因他的坏行为而受到报应辨析 reward ，award，prize reward 表示“奖赏，酬谢” ，动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语，名词表示某人因做

10、了某事而应得到某东西。award 作名词指正式或官方“给与，颁发，授予” （奖章，奖金等） ，也可以指法庭裁决；作动词可以跟两个宾语，award sb. sth., 把某物授予 /判给某人。Prize 只能做名词，表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉【即境活用】The girl got nothing in_for her kindness, which made her very sad. A. prize B. award C. medals D. reward 【解析】 D 考查名词辨析和搭配。按照句意应该是做好事的报答，依据固定搭配，in reward for 为-报答即可

11、【重点短语】1. out of work 失业 ,出问题短语归纳 in work 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了out of date 过时out of order 次序颠倒；出故障out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险out of shape 变形Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见 , 心不烦。1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). Mary s cell phone

12、 has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。【即境活用】用适当的介词（短语）填空。1). Although my computer is date now, but it s still use. 2). After fours operation, the patient has been danger. Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of 2. as a matter of fact实际上It wa

13、s cold. As a matter of fact, it was freeing. 天很冷，事实上，冷的要命。【相关短语】as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/ actually/ in reality/ to tell the truth 实际上；事实。to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是- it doesn t matter 没有关系【即境活用】It rained that day. _, our car broke down on the way. A. In fact B. Actually C. To ma

14、ke matters worse D. To tell the truth 【解析】 C 考查短语意思辨析。同义词短语按照句意排除，本句没有实际上的意思，而是让事情更糟糕的是，C 项符合。3. in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦He is ready to help those who are in trouble. 拓展：get into trouble 遇到麻烦make trouble 制造麻烦ask for trouble 自找麻烦have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难save trouble 省事take great trouble to do sth

15、. 不辞劳苦做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事【即境活用】If you dont study hard, you will have big trouble _ _(find) a job. 答案 finding 4. turn to 求助于；致力于5. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心【相关短语】lose one s heart to sb.= fall in love with sb. 爱上某人lose ones job 失业lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath 上气不接下气lose on

16、es life 丧生 ; 遇害lose face 丢脸 ; 受屈辱learn by heart 记住，背诵take sth. to heart 深为某事而感动put one s heart into 热衷于 - give heart to sb. 鼓励某人heart and soul 全心全意地【即境活用】We should serve the people_. A. without heart B. without heart and soul C. heart and soul D. for the heart and soul 【解析】 C 考查固定短语用法。固定短语“heart and

17、 soul”意思是全心全意地，在句中作状语修饰 serve。6. set up 设立，建立【重点句型】1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首，主句构成部分倒装。Only then did she realize he had made mistakes. 直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。Only when he came back did I go to bed. 当他回来的时候，我才上床睡觉【点拨】 only 放在句首时，修饰状语

18、才倒装，修饰主语、宾语则不倒装Only you understand me. 只有你了解我。【拓展延伸】only 的其它用法1）adj 与可数名词的单数形式连用意思“唯一的”，与复数名词连用意思“仅有的”；另外还可以翻译成“最好的，最合适的”2）adv. 位于修饰的词，短语、句子之前，意思“仅仅，只”He is the only boy in his family. 他是家里唯一的一个男孩【即境活用】Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C.

19、can you hope D did you hope 【解析】 C 考查 only 修饰状语成分置于句首，句子部分倒装。依据句意表示“能-”即可2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group 语法核心突破The Attributive Clause （II）由 when, where 或 why 关系副词以及“介词+ which”结构，引导的定语从句一、 when, where 或 why 在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词，在句中作时间、地点或原因状语1）. when 指时间。I still remember the day

20、when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when = on which) I still remember the day that we spent together in Beijing. 我仍然记得我们在北京度过的那一天【点拨】第一个句子先行词day 在定语从句中作状语，when=on which ；第二个句子the day 在定语从句中作宾语。2）. where 指地点。Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday last year? 去年你度假的

21、那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which) Whats the name of the place that you visited last year? 去年你拜访的那个地方叫什么名字？【点拨】第一个句子the place 在定语从句中作地点状语，where-in which; 第二个句子the place 在定语从句中作宾语3）. why 指原因，用在名词reason 后。The reason why he was late for class is that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起晚啦。The reason that he told me is

22、well-known. 他告诉我的原因是众所周知的。【点拨】第一个句子reason 在定语从句中作原因状语; 第二个句子reason 在定语从句中作宾语。二、“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰物时用which,不用 that,修饰人时用whom 不用 who。The school in which he once worked is a key school. (=The school (which / that) he once worked in is a key school.) 他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校【拓展延伸】 “介词+ 关系代词”的常

23、见结构：1） 介词+ which/whom This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家2）名词+ of + which/whom Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。3）数词+ of + which/whom In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women. 我校大约有200 位教师，其中

24、百分之三十是女教师4） 代词+ of + which/whom In the basket I find many apples, some of which=of which some have gone bad. 我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班有50 个学生，其中大多数来自大城市5）最高级+ of + which/whom China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is

25、 Taiwan. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛6） 介词+ which + 名词He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows. 他通常十点钟回家，这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗This is the very book (that) I am looking for. ( ) 这正是我在找的书。【点拨】短语为固定搭配时(如： look for, look after, take care of) 介词不能提前。【点拨】1）关系代词前介词的选择 根据动词和介

26、词的搭配关系选择。 根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。 根据所要表达的意思来确定。2）关系副词和关系代词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定【典型例题】1.（2009安徽卷 T26） What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A.

27、where B. Which C. When D. that 【解析】选A。考查定语从句的用法。定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中 ，所以答案用where 引导的定语从句。2.（ 2009福建卷 T24）It s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 【解析】选D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation ，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词

28、where ，选 D。3. （2009江西卷 T26）The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 【解析 】 选 B 本题考查定语从句。 The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。4.（2009陕西卷 T11） Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A.

29、 of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】 选 C考查定语从句， 先行词是 Gun control ，指物， 关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选 C。5.（2009上海卷 T34） Mozart s birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now A. where B. when C. there D. which 【解析】选A 考查定语从句的用法。Where 引

30、导了定语从句，并且在定语从句中做状语，先行词为Mozart s birthplace and the house 。【语法专练】1. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. when C. who D. which2. We d like very much to join in the activities, _ we could communicate and exchange

31、 lots of information. A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _courage matters more than strength. A. whose B. that C. of which D. where4I shall never forget the days _ the Olympic Game was held in Beijing, _ has a great effect on my lif

32、e.A. when ; which B. that ;which C. when; that D. which; that 5Mr. King, _ car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends father. A. whose B. in whose C. which D. in which 答案： 15 ADDAB 高考真题链接1.（ 2010全国卷T13）The island is_ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasan

33、t weather in both seasons. A.partly B.merely C.nearly D.equally 【解析】选D 考查副词词义。只要知道词义即可选出答案，该题较为简单。A, 部分的B 只不过C 几乎D 同样的，相等的。2.（2010山东卷 T27） Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up 【解析】选C。本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操

34、作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up 另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送 ,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义； bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看； （形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up 表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。3. （2009陕西卷 T18）Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Ro

35、se care【解析】选A 考查特殊句式。little 是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装句，选A。4. （2009四川卷 T20） She ll never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when【解析】选D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay 为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间） ， when 指代 her stay 在定语从句中做时间状语。5.（2009重庆卷 T34） Li

36、fe is like a ling race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where【解析】选D。where 引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做状语。6.（2008江苏卷 T32） _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will 【解

37、析】选 A 考查 only条件状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装。掌握句型only +if 条件状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装即可7. （2006浙江卷 T11） I would like a job which pays more, but _I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 【解析】选 B 考查介词短语辨析。固定短语记忆。On the one hand 一方面；与 on the other

38、hand 另一方面连用； for one thing 首先 -；与 for another 连用，其次 - 综合效能检测一、 听力（略）二、单项选择21. Since this is the first time you have broken the law, you will be given a light_. A. prison B. judgment C. sentence D. blame 22. -Did you give him the book to him? -Yes. I gave it to him_ I saw him. A. once B. the moment C

39、. while D. suddenly 23. Lei Feng is always ready to help others when they are in trouble and he never _ their request. A. turns up B.turns down C. turns in D. turns over 24. Alice _ a good salary in a job but she stayed at home for the sake of her family. A. must take B. should have made C. would ma

40、ke D. could have made 25. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. the price of it B. which price C. its price D. the price of which 26. It was the first time that she _ her motherland. A. has left B. had left C. left D. was to leave 27. Nowhere else in the world _ like h

41、ome. A. you can find a place B. a place you can find C. can find you a place D. can you find a place 28. Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. _, it is also a problem in some urban areas. A. As a result B. Furthermore C. In the end D. As a matter of fact 29.Man is create

42、d _. A. equal B. equally C. to be equal D. equality 30. Let s hope the fine weather for Sunday s camping trip. A keeps up B picks up Ccarries on Dputs up 31. “ Terrorists _ war on the United States, and war is what they got. ” Bush said. A. attacked B. declared C. fought D. offered 32. 30. China s n

43、ew food law provides for a food recall (召回 ) system _ producers have to stop production if their food isn t up to standards.A. where B. that C. when D. which 33.（2010吉林实验中学高三一模）2. I found her nice and honest _ I saw her. A. for the first time B. the first time C. on the first time D. at first 34. I

44、have no dreams to have a happy lifeA rather than Bmore than Cother than Dless than 35. -Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?-Thank you. _. A. It couldn t be betterB. Of course you can C. If you like D. It s up to you三、完形填空My mother helped to build ships during World War. She was a(n) 36

45、woman to seek work at this South Portland Shipyards ( 造船厂 ). She was raising four children 37 . I still remember my mom s struggle to keep the 38 together. After the divorce, there wasn t much39 . At first my mom worked in washing houses in 40 places. And she later got the job in a department store

46、41 she noticed some young women would come in, all 42 in big boots and rough overalls and they would have 43 of $600 to cash. And she finally asked one of them where they 44 and made so much money. And they said in the 45 . So my mother went over, and the man who 46 her asked whether she wanted to b

47、e a welder (焊工 ) or a burner. My mother asked which 47 the most. He said the welder. Then she said that was 48 she wanted to do. He said: “ oh, why?” She said: “ Ha, I have four children to 49 . ”It was bitterly cold in the winter going into the bottom of those steel ships. They had to creep into na

48、rrow basis and lay on their backs, and welded 50 . And I remember her neck and her chest all spotted with 51 from the sparks. And her shift (轮班 ) was midnight to 6 AM, so she could be home with us 52 the day. I remember her dressing was man s clothing. Once she fell and 53 her foot and they brought

49、her home in the middle of the night, and she was weeping. After the Shipyard 54 , she needed to have two jobs to make enough money. And we kids were more or less on our own, and that was not a happy time. But still she was 55 to keep us together as a family. 36A. educated B. employed C. unmarried D.

50、 divorced 37A. for her life B. on her own C. like her own D. by her love 38A. children B. home C. ships D. family 39A. happiness B. work C. money D. strength 40A. different B. dirty C. difficult D. busy 41A. that B. which C. where D. when 42A. worn B. dressed C. covered D. decorated 43A. marks B. ch

51、ecks C. coins D. dollars 44A. lived B. graduated C. worked D. performed 45A. navy B. factory C. shipyard D. army 46A. examined B. interviewed C. questioned D. accepted 47A. charged B. cost C. spent D. paid 48A. why B. how C. whether D. what 49A. take care of B. play games with C. spend time on D. fe

52、ed food with 50A. sideways B. outward C. overhead D. downward 51A. burn marks B. white points C. red circles D. dark lines 52A. on B. by C. among D. during 53A. damaged B. wounded C. injured D. ached 54A. moved B. closed C. opened D. ruined 55A. persuaded B. attracted C. demanded D. determined 四、阅读理

53、解A Wherever you go, there you are. This is the title of a fantastic book by JonKabat Zinn. Often when going through a difficult time, some think about making a major change, a change of a job or residence. Will this really help? Of course if you are being abused or stressed, such action may work. Bu

54、t for the most part, if we change nothing about ourselves, we merely take what is inside of us wherever we wander. In therapy(心理疗法 ), I have seen individuals who have literally taken geographic treatment, making a major change out of their city or state. What was most discovered was that at first, t

55、he change was fun and exciting. But after a period of time, after the “ newness” wore off they still saw people as they had seen them before. If they felt taken advantage of, they still felt that way. If they had low self-esteem, they felt the same way. Is there an answer to this problem? Work on yo

56、urself first. In 12-step programs, we say no major changes for a year. That is because people need to see who they really are without their addiction. And it takes about a year to give up your system and to find out who you really are emotionally. Taking some time to clearly focus and see what the r

57、eal issues are is very important. A quick change without any forethought is often merely an escape from reality. And remember, happiness is an inside job. 56. According to the author, you can change your job if _. A. you are going through difficult times B. you are ill-treated or stressed C. you don

58、 t want to change yourself D. you want to live a new life 57. By saying “ happiness is an inside job” , the author really means that _. A. happiness remains inside wherever you go B. you can t find happiness even if you change your job or residence C. you cant find happiness unless you change the in

59、side of yourself D. giving up your addiction can lead to happiness 58. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Work on Yourself First B. Don t Change Your Job or Residence in a Hurry C. Don t Escape From Reality D. Join in 12-step Programs and Give up Your System B We are all interested in

60、equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards