初高中衔接(时态与语态)-文档资料

1、.1.2谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态 谓语动词的时态：动作发生的谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间时间决定了动词的决定了动词的形态形态。 时间时间名名 称称主动形态主动形态(以以do为例）为例）现现在在一般现在时一般现在时现在现在进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时过过去去一般过去时一般过去时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去将来时将来时将将来来一般将来时一般将来时do 或或doesis (am/ are) doinghave/ has donedidwas/ were doinghad donewould do或或was/ were going to dowill do 、

2、shall do或或 is / am / are going to do.31.1.一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词+s+s的变化规则的变化规则1)直接加直接加s. 如：如：get/gets play/plays2)以以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加结尾，加es. 如：如：watch/watches3)以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾，变结尾，变y为为i, 再加再加es. 如：如：study/studies.42.2.现在现在/ /过去进行时：动词过去进行时：动词+ing +ing 变化规则变化规则1) 直接加直接加ing. 如：如：climb/

3、climbing2) 去去e加加ing. 如：如：write/writing3) 双写加双写加ing. 如：如：run/running.53. A) 规则动词的过去式、过去分词：动词规则动词的过去式、过去分词：动词+ed +ed 一般过去时：变为过去式一般过去时：变为过去式 现在现在/ /过去完成时：过去完成时：have/has/had+have/has/had+过去分词过去分词; ; 被动语态：被动语态：be+be+过去分词过去分词 1.直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-ed. 如：如：ask-asked2.以不发音以不发音e结尾的动词直接加结尾的动词直接加d. 如：如：arrive-arrived

4、3.辅音字母辅音字母+y 结尾，结尾，y改成改成i+ed. 如：如：studystudied 元音字母元音字母+y 结尾，直接结尾，直接+ed 如：如：played4.双写最后的辅音字母再加双写最后的辅音字母再加ed. 如：如：stopstopped B) B)不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表）不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表） 如：如：bebewas/were- beenwas/were- been.6give give/ gives 2) is / am/ are giving 3) have/ has given 4) gave 5) was/ were givi

5、ng 6) had given 7) would give was/ were going to give 8) will give is/ am / are going to givelearn1) learn/ learns2) is/ am/ are learning3) have/ has learned4) learned5) was/ were learning6) had learned7) would learn was/ were going to learn8) will learn is/ am/ are going to learn.7一一.一般现在时一般现在时 (do

6、/ does) (表示客观事实或真理表示客观事实或真理; 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态. 常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有sometimes / often / always /usually/ seldom/ every (morning) / on Sundays / in the morning等等 )futurepastnow The earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100. 3. We always care for each other and help each other.4. The

7、 shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.5. Columbus proved that the earth is round.8futurepastnow二二. 一般过去时一般过去时 (did) (表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作. 常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示). 时间状语有时间状语有:last week / two days ago / the other day / in 1990 /this morning / ju

8、st now/ in the past/ yesterday/ often等等. 注意注意: 凡有具体的过去时间状语的均用一般过去时凡有具体的过去时间状语的均用一般过去时 I met him in the street yesterday. 2. The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday. 3. When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 4. We often played Ping-pong when we were in college. 5. Our teacher tol

9、d us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.9futurepastnow三三. 一般将来时一般将来时( will/ shall do或或 is/ am / are going to do) (表示将来要发生的动作或状态表示将来要发生的动作或状态. be going to do表示打算表示打算,计划计划 要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有: tomorrow/ next week / in the future / soon / this evening / in two d

10、ays / in 2030等等) He will be back in a few days. 2. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow? 3. We are going to have a class meeting next Monday. 4. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible. 5. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.10futurepastnow四四. 现在进行时现在进行时( is / am / are doing

11、) “正正” 表示表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。还用在少数的动作。还用在少数 表渐变的动词表渐变的动词(get/ become/ turn/ grow/)常用的时间常用的时间 状语有状语有: now, at present, at the moment等等 We are having our English class now. 2. Im looking for a pair of black shoes. 3. They are working in a factory these days. 4. Im writing a book about

12、English grammar. 5. They are visiting Beijing this week. 6. The weather is getting colder and colder.11五五. 过去进行时过去进行时 ( was / were doing) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行进行或发生的动作或发生的动作; 或者或者 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when 或或while引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中。常用的时间状语有。常用的时间状语有:at that time

13、 at this time yesterday/ from nine to ten yesterday evening/ while all day yesterday/ the whole morning / / whenfuturepastnow At that time, he was working in a university. 2. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 3. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk. 4. He was reading a nove

14、l in the library this morning.12六六. 现在完成时现在完成时 ( have / has done)“已经已经” 1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,即即”从过去到现在有没从过去到现在有没 有做过某事有做过某事” already/ yet/ just/ never/ ever/ twice futurepastnow He has already finished his work. 2. We have visited the city three times. 3. I have seen this film.132) 表示

15、从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态. 时间状语有时间状语有: for five years/ since two days ago/ so far/ by now/ till now up to now / recently/ lately/ in the past ten years. 注意注意: 短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如如: borrow-havefuturepastnow1. I have studied English for six years.2. They have lived in the cit

16、y since 1988.3. -How long have you been here? 你到这儿多长时间了你到这儿多长时间了? -I have been here for an hour. 我到这儿一个小时了我到这儿一个小时了.have arrived.14七七. 过去完成时过去完成时 ( had done) 1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作. 即即 动作发生的时间是动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去过去的过去”. futurepastnow We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last

17、month. He found the book that he had lost. 3. I didnt know I had given you so much trouble. 4. Until then, he had known nothing about it. 5. After he (had) finished his work, he went to bed. .152)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作. 常用的常用的 时间状语有时间状语有: by +过去时间过去时间( then/ the end of last month

18、/ by the time we got home); 段时间段时间+before (如如: two days before); for; since futurepastnow When he came, I had worked for 3 hours. 2) She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in. 3) The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.had been working .16八八. 过去将

19、来时过去将来时 ( would/should do 或或was/ were going to do) 表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态futurepastnow I thought they would come to help me. 2. They knew that there was going to be several problems. 3. They told me that they would have a class meeting. 4. She said that she would go there by hers

20、elf.17谓语动词的被动形态是由谓语动词的被动形态是由be done 构成构成. 它也有各种它也有各种时态时态. 其变化规则是由其变化规则是由be 的各种时态决定的各种时态决定的的. done 不变不变. be 1. 1. 动词原形动词原形: : be2. 2. 现在分词现在分词: : being3. 3. 过去分词过去分词: : been4. 4. 过过 去去 式式: : was / were5. 5. 一般现在时一般现在时: : is / am / are .18时间时间 名名 称称被动形态被动形态(以以do为例为例)现现在在一般现在时一般现在时done现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在

21、完成时过过去去一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时将将来来一般将来时一般将来时含有情态动词含有情态动词(can/must.)is/ am/ areis/ am/ are being have / has beenwas/ werewas / were beinghad beenwould bewill be情态动词情态动词 +be .191)1)一般现在时一般现在时: You _(require) to do this2)2)一般过去时一般过去时: The story_(tell) by her3)3)一般将来时一般将来时: The problem

22、_(discuss) tomorrow4 4 现在进行时现在进行时: The road _(widen) now. 5)5)过去进行时过去进行时: The new tool _(make) at that time6)6)现在完成时现在完成时: The novel _(read) many times already7)7)过去完成时过去完成时: He said that the work _(finish)8)8)过去将来时过去将来时: He said that the trees_(plant) soon9)9)含有情态动词含有情态动词: Measures _(should/take) to protect rare animals.主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时时,谓语的形式叫谓语的形式叫主动语态主动语态主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者时时,谓语要用谓语要用被动语态被动语态 are requiredwas toldwill be discussedis being widenedwas being madehas been readhad been finishedwould be plantedshould be taken.201. My father wi