英语学科虚拟语气小结的资料

1、we have learned about xiao hua .we have learned about xiao hua .as an aids patient, she has some wishes.as an aids patient, she has some wishes.do you remember some of her wishes?do you remember some of her wishes?revision and lead-in1. if i 1. if i were were to live long enough to have a to live lo

2、ng enough to have a job, i job, i would choosewould choose to be a doctor, helping to be a doctor, helping these aids patients . these aids patients .2. if i 2. if i werewere you ,i you ,i would give would give an aids an aids patient a hug. patient a hug. 3. i wish i 3. i wish i could remembercould

3、 remember more about more about my mum.my mum.4. i wish that she 4. i wish that she werewere here with me and that here with me and that we we werent werent sick.sick.5. i wish people 5. i wish people would find outwould find out the facts and the facts and not act as if i not act as if i were were

4、a bad or dangerous person. a bad or dangerous person. unit7-8 grammarthe subjunctive mood一、虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是一种特殊的动词形式，一种一种是用来表示说话人所说的话是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种不是一个事实，而是一种假设假设、猜测猜测、怀疑怀疑等等( (在条件从句中或让在条件从句中或让步状语从句中步状语从句中) )；另一种另一种是表示说是表示说话人的话人的愿望愿望、要求要求、命令命令、建议建议等等 ( (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位在宾语从

5、句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句) )。二、虚拟语气在二、虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中 ( (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句) )，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况( (以以 do do 为例为例) )：表示与事实表示与事实情况相反情况相反条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反过去式过去式(did)(did)(be(be常用常用 were)were)would / could / would / could / might / should +might / should +动

6、词原形动词原形(do)(do)与过去事实与过去事实相反相反过去完成式过去完成式(had (had +done+done上面上面4 4个情态动词个情态动词+have done+have done与将来事实与将来事实相反相反过去式过去式 (did)(did)should + do should + do were to dowere to do4 4个情态动词个情态动词 + + dodo条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语形条件从句的谓语形式式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与过去相反与过去相反if i (you, he/she, if i (you, he/she, they, we )+had they

7、, we )+had + +过去分词过去分词should/would/should/would/could/might +could/might +have+have+过去分词过去分词2.2.如果他不听取我的建议，如果他不听取我的建议， 他就不会干得这样好。他就不会干得这样好。 if i _(have)time last night,if i _(have)time last night, i _(go) to see the i _(go) to see the film with you . film with you .if he if he (drive) more carefully

8、, he(drive) more carefully, he (have) the car (have) the car accident yesterday.accident yesterday.条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反if i (you, he/she, if i (you, he/she, they, we )+they, we )+动词动词过去式过去式should/would/should/would/could/might+could/might+动动词原形词原形what what wouldwoul

9、d you you dodo if you if you wonwon the the lottery?lottery?if i if i wonwon the lottery, the lottery,i i wouldwouldif i if i hadhad a lot of money a lot of money, i i wouldwould buy a villa buy a villa.if i if i hadhad a lot of money now, a lot of money now, i i wouldwould travel around the world.

10、travel around the world.if i _a teacher, i.条件从句条件从句 条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形主语的谓语形式式与将来相与将来相反反过去式过去式 (did)(did)should + do should + do were to dowere to doshould/would/should/would/could/might+could/might+动动词原形词原形 if you_, everythingif you_, everything_ _ _ all right.all right.if you _if you _， ever

11、ything_ all right.everything_ all right.if you_, everything if you_, everything _all right._all right.succeededsucceededwouldwould be beshouldshould succeedsucceedwould bewould bewere to succeedwere to succeedwould bewould beif he_ (if he_ (get )get )up early up early tomorrowtomorrow, he _ he _(be(

12、be) on time.) on time.gotgotwould bewould be should he fail in the experiment 当从句中有当从句中有 were, hadwere, had 或或 shouldshould 时，可时，可省略省略if if ，而把它们放在句首。，而把它们放在句首。if i if i werewere to meet him tomorrow, i should to meet him tomorrow, i should ask him about it.ask him about it.二、省略二、省略 if if 的条件从句的条件从句

13、werewere i to meet him tomorrow,i to meet him tomorrow, if he if he should failshould fail in the experiment this time, in the experiment this time, he he would trywould try again. again. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。的就会容易些。 三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同, , 此时，需要按此时

14、，需要按时间时间来确定虚拟形式来确定虚拟形式 如：如：if they if they had studiedhad studied hard, they hard, they could docould do it it easily now. easily now. 2. 2. if he _my advice, he if he _my advice, he _it much better like this. _it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干 得这样好。得这样好。 had not takenhad no

15、t takenwouldnt dowouldnt do 一些介词短语一些介词短语, , 如如: :but for(but for(要不是要不是), ), without, otherwise(without, otherwise(否则否则), ), 等等表示含蓄的条表示含蓄的条件件, ,这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去事这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去事实相反的情况）实相反的情况） 1. 1.withoutwithout your help, we your help, we would not have madewould not have made such rapid progress.such

16、 rapid progress. 四四. . 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句2. 2. but forbut for my brothers help, i my brothers help, i _ (finish) it on time._ (finish) it on time.3. i had to do sth. more important, 3. i had to do sth. more important, otherwiseotherwise i_ (help). i_ (help).would not have finishedwould not have finished mig

17、htmight have helpedhave helped三、三、虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中在宾语从句中1 1、记住：这些动词后面接的记住：这些动词后面接的宾语宾语从从句：表示句：表示愿望愿望( (wish wish ), ), 建议建议( (suggest, suggest, adviceadvice, , propose, recommendpropose, recommend ) )，要求要求( (demand, request, require, insistdemand, request, require, insist ), ), 命令命令( (order, comman

18、d )order, command )等。等。 除除wishwish外，其它动词用外，其它动词用should + do should + do 构构成成, should , should 可以省略。可以省略。wish in subjunctive moodi wish i were as tall as you.i wish i were a bird.i wish / wished i hadnteaten so much watermelon.i wish it would rain tomorrow.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反+would /could/ might +do( (将来不

19、大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望 ) ) wish wish 接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况： 1 1. i wish she _ (be) on my side. . i wish she _ (be) on my side. 2. i wish i _(be)30 years younger.2. i wish i _(be)30 years younger. 3. 3. i wish (that) you _(get) a good job.i wish (that) you _(get) a good job.4. 4. he wished he _(do)it.he

20、 wished he _(do)it.5. he ordered that the students _5. he ordered that the students _ (wash) the clothes every week by themselves. (wash) the clothes every week by themselves. would bewould bewerewerewould getwould gethadnt donehadnt donewashwash2 2、记住：、记住：insist / suggestinsist / suggest 各有两种意思，各有两

21、种意思，要用不同的语气要用不同的语气insistinsist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形时，用虚拟形式，即式，即 should + doshould + do; ;insist insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈时，用陈述语气，表示事实。述语气，表示事实。suggestsuggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用时，用should +doshould +do形式。形式。suggestsuggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈时，用陈述语气。述语气。the teacher the teacher suggestedsuggested that w

22、e that we _the blackboard after class. _the blackboard after class. 老师老师建议建议我们课后把黑板擦了。我们课后把黑板擦了。 he he insistedinsisted that all of us_ there that all of us_ there on time by any means. on time by any means. 他他坚持要求坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。那儿。 he he insistedinsisted that he _right. that he _right

23、.(should) clean(should) cleanshould beshould bewaswas虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中在句型在句型 “ “it is important (necessary, strange, it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .natural) that . ” ” 中，中，that that 后面的从句中后面的从句中的谓语动词用：的谓语动词用： should + should + 动词原形动词原形 1.its 1.its necessarynecessary that w

24、e _a walk now. that we _a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 2.its2.its natural natural that she _so. that she _so. 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.its 3.its importantimportant that we _good care that we _good care of the patient. of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 should haveshould haveshould doshould

25、doshould takeshould take虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中 主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish (wish / desire)/ desire)、建议建议(suggestion / advice) (suggestion / advice) 要求要求(requirement / demand)(requirement / demand)、命令命令(order, (order, command)command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用动词用 (should ) + do.(should ) + do

26、. our our suggestion suggestion is that you _there is that you _there on time.on time.(should) be(should) be虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中 同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。 the the suggestionsuggestion that students that students _something practical is _something practical

27、 is worth considering.worth considering. do you know the do you know the order order that you that you _watch._watch.(should ) learn(should ) learn(should ) keep(should ) keep 在在would (had) rather (would (had) rather (宁愿宁愿) ) 引导的宾语引导的宾语从句中：从句中： 当从句表示当从句表示现在现在或或将来将来的时间时的时间时, ,谓语谓语动词要用动词要用一般过去时一般过去时;

28、;表示表示过去过去时间时时间时, ,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用过去完成时过去完成时。i would rather he _tomorrow than i would rather he _tomorrow than today.today.camecameas if / as though 在在as if as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反，用过去式用过去式；与过去与过去事实相反用过去完成式事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).(had done).一、一、as if as if 连接连接表语表语从句从句 she looked

29、she looked as ifas if she _made of ice. she _made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。 he looked he looked as if as if he _ (sleep) for he _ (sleep) for two days.two days.werewerehadnt slepthadnt slept二、二、as if as if 连接让步状语从连接让步状语从 句句 she looked after the boy she looked after the boy as ifas if he he _her

30、 own son._her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。 he speaks to us he speaks to us as if as if he _there. he _there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 werewerehad beenhad beenhe talks about rome as though hehe talks about rome as though hehad been had been there himself.there himself.他谈论起罗马就好像他亲自他谈论

31、起罗马就好像他亲自去过那儿一样。去过那儿一样。 make wishes using the subjunctive mood.make wishes using the subjunctive mood.1. 1. i i wish i couldwish i could get all beautiful get all beautiful dresses. dresses. 2. 2. i wish i couldi wish i could get to the moon. get to the moon. 3 3. . i wishi wish i had a i had a magi

32、c lamp to magic lamp to achieve all my achieve all my wishes. wishes.explain the sentences1. i wish i could remember more about my mum. its a pity that she isnt here and that we are sick.2. i wish people would find out the facts and not act as if i were a bad or dangerous person. its a pity that it

33、is difficult for people to find out the facts about aids and that they think that i am a bad or dangerous person.3. if i were you, i would give an aids patient a hug. i think that you should give an aids patient a hug.4. if i had hiv, i would know because i would feel sick. i will know i have hiv be

34、cause i will feel sick. and in fact i dont have hiv.practisingrewrite the sentences with i wish1. i cant solve my problems. i wish i could solve my problems.2. youve been working too hard. i wish you hadnt been working too hard.3. i cant forget the terrible scene. i wish i could forget the terrible

35、scene.4. we havent got enough money. i wish i had got enough money.5. im afraid the performance wont go well. i wish the performance would go well.6. i dont have many friends. i wish i had many friends.rewrite the sentences with if-clause.1. i want to buy these books, but i dont have enough money. i

36、f i had enough money, i would buy these books.2. it is cold and wet outside. we dont let the children play in the garden. if it werent cold and wet outside, we would let the children play in the garden.3. youre wasting so much time playing computer games. you wont pass the test. if i were you, i wou

37、ldnt waste so much time playing computer games.4. he has to work hard all day long, so he doesnt have time to do the shopping. if he didnt have to work hard all day long, he would have time to do the shopping. write your answer to the following questions.what would you do if . you were a famous person for a day? if i were a famous person for a