2021高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境三人与自然Topic43人与环境教学案含作业

1、主题语境(三) 人与自然topic 43人与环境居住及环境 (residence and environment)condition, situation, community, province, state, zone, district, border, downtown, suburb, rural, city, town, village, busy, _kradid30， quiet, peace, neighbourhood居民及环境 (resident and environment)_ ppjulein87, aging population, the aged, range

2、 from . to, birth rate, resident, citizen, male, female, get . under control, immigrate, use up, movement自然环境 (natural environment)stream, pond, lake, ocean, bay, beach, desert, shore, coast, port, island, wave, continent, mountain，valley, rock, soil, field, plain环境与保护 (environment and protection)wa

3、ste, a waste of, rubbish, litter, _ tid25, global warming, _ knsikwns24，result, as a result, climate change, greenhouse effect, nonrenewable, pollution, _ ret21, fossil fuel，recycle, lead to, take measures, make a difference, environmental friendly, atmosphere, balance, nature, discourage, in turn,

4、in return, protect, reserve, conservation，low carbon, new energy, solar energy, wind power, renewable, conserve, development, replace, improvement意义影响 (influence)attract, _ dvkeit10, call on, _ pridikt29, disease, _ hmni15, in harmony with, symbol, in terms of, of all time, have control over, make e

5、fforts, _ la165, play a role in, promise, permit, attitude, _ pruv101crowded; population; shortage; consequence; threat; advocate; predict; harmony; allow; provepopulation(2019全国卷)after a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among thos

6、e let.(2019全国卷)it is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.(1)单句语法填空the population of canada _ (be) about 29 million.about eighty percent of the population of this country _ (be) peasants.in china, there are more than 300 cities _ a p

7、opulation beyond 1 million.答案：isarewith(2)单句写作白族大约有200万人口，其中90%生活在云南。the bai ethnic group _ around two million, 90% of whom live in yunnan.这个国家有多少人口？_ the country?中国的人口比世界上任何一个国家都多。the population of china _ any other country in the world.答案：has a population ofwhats the population of/how large is the

8、 population ofis larger than that of (1)n. (地区、国家等的)人口，人口数量 all the people who live in a particular area, city or country; the total number of people who live there(2)n. 某领域的生物；族群；人口 a particular group of people or animals living in a particular area有人口某国/某地的人口the population of地点询问某国某地有多少人口整体人口(the

9、population of .)作主语时， 谓语动词用单数；部分人口(表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。人口多或少要用large或small。immigratei am going to immigrate to australia with my whole family next month!(1)单句语法填空toms is a family which has just migrated _ south africa to asia.the number of illegal _ (immigrate) in america fell by 500,000 be

10、tween 2007 and 2008.答案：fromimmigrants(2)单句写作他18岁时从印度移民出来。_ at age 18.政府已经决定收紧其移民政策。the government has decided to tighten _.答案：he immigrated from indiaits immigration policyvi. (从外地)移居；移民 to come and live permanently in a country after leaving your own countryimmigration n. 移居(入境)；移民人数immigrant n. (外

11、来)移民migrate v. 迁徙migrate from . to . 从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方migration n. 迁徙，移动shortage(2019浙江高考)the loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.单句语法填空my name is thomas, and you can call me tom _ short.the usual word “pub” is short _“public house”according to so

12、me scientists, well be short _ energy in the near future._ short, we cant please everyone all the time.researchers found an almost total crop failure and a severe _ (short) of drinking water._ (short) after moving into her apartment, she found a job.答案：forforofinshortageshortlyn. 不足；缺少；短缺 a situatio

13、n when there is not enough of the people or things that are neededshort adj. 矮的；短缺的be short for 简称，缩写be short of 缺少in_short 总之；简言之for short 简称(常放在句末，后不接成分)shortly adv. 不久，马上consequence(2019全国卷)enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, dr prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.dont worry. i

14、ts of no consequence.单句写作he had been ill for a long time and _ (结果) he was behind in his work.we must _ (承担后果) of our own deed.both sides think of the point _ (无意义)答案：in consequence/as a consequencetake the consequencesof no consequence(1)n. 结果；后果 a result of sth. that has happened(2)n. 重要性 importan

15、ceadvocatewe advocate a peaceful settlement of international disputes.(2017浙江高考)some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合)(1)单句语法填空many experts advocate _

16、(reward) your child for good behaviour.the report advocated that all buildings _ (fit) with smoke detectors.答案：rewarding(should) be fitted(2)单句写作一些人主张改革一些现行的教育制度。some people _ some present educational systems.人们提倡采取措施保护环境。people advocate that something _ to protect the environment.令他们失望的是，没有人同意这一新政策

17、。to their disappointment, there is _ the new policy.答案：advocate reforming(should) be doneno advocate for/of(1)v. 拥护；支持；提倡 to support sth. publicly(2)n. 拥护者；支持者；提倡者 a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb. or of a public plan or actionadvocate doing sth. 倡导做某事advocatethat 从句(从句谓语动词用should动词原形

18、，should可省略)an advocate for/of 的支持/拥护者predict(2018天津高考)the first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.(1)用predict的适当形式填空the best way _ your future is to create it.they _ great things for the boy but the boy didnt believe them.skilled reader

19、s make use of context and _.the ending of the film is entirely _.答案：to predictpredictedpredictionpredictable(2)单句写作很难预料这次事故会有什么长期影响。_ what the longterm effects of the accident will be.据预测，2023年是电动汽车年。_ 2023 will be the year of the electric car.他不愿意预测来年哪些书会有销路。he was unwilling _ which books would sel

20、l in the coming year.答案：it is difficult to predictit is predicted thatto make a prediction aboutvt. 预言；预告；预报 to say that sth. will happen in the futurepredictn. 预报/预料predict从句 预测predictn.to do sth. 预测做某事it_is_predicted_that . 据预测prediction n. 预言；预测；预告make a prediction 预测；预报predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的

21、prove(2019北京高考)for football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method.the promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.(1)单句语法填空on the long journey he proved himself _ (be) an amusing company.i wanted to prove _ myself that i could do it. ill prove my _ (innocent

22、) to you one day.答案：to betoinnocence(2)单句写作给他们一个机会来向你证明他们可以帮忙吧。give them a chance to _ they can help. 这项任务比我们预想原来的难得多。the task _ than wed thought.答案：prove to you thatproved to be more difficult(1)v. 证明；证实 to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth. is true(2)v. 后来被发现是；最终显现为 if sth. proves dangero

23、us, expensive, etc. or if it proves to be dangerous, etc., you discover that it is dangerous, etc. over a period of time.阅读(2020“皖豫联盟体”高中毕业班第一次考试)with all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. here are four wellknown environmental organiz

24、ations.world wildlife fund (wwf)the world wildlife fund is perhaps one of the bestknown organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. theyve been around for over 45 years. you can donate through their website , join their organization as

25、 a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.national geographic society (ngs)national geographic society is wellknown for their magazine and their specials on tv. the organization itself is one of the longestrunning in the worldtheyve been around since 1888 focusing on explora

26、tion and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. you choose to donate through the website , buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription. national wildlife federation (nwf)founded officially in 1937, the national wildlife federation tries to protect

27、 wildlife at all costs. in fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environmentthe more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. donations to the nwf can be made through their website or through other options, like matching gifts, workpla

28、ce giving, or memorial donations.ecologyfund. comset up in 1976, ecologyf is run on user clicks. advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. the money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. so far, ecologyf has bought land in ma

29、ny areas. the best thing about this site is that you neednt donate any moneyall you have to do is click.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的环保组织。人类只有一个地球，它是生命的摇篮(cradle of life)，是人类共有的家园。环境污染与生态破坏，已经对人类的社会经济发展和人们的正常生活构成了现实威胁。爱护环境，崇尚文明，保护我们美好的家园(protect our beautiful home)，无疑是我们的道义和责任！1which environmental orga

30、nization has the longest history?aecologyf.bworld wildlife fund.cnational geographic society.dnational wildlife federation.答案：c细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，wwf有45年以上的历史；ngs从1888年就开始存在，是世界上运营时间最长的组织之一，迄今已有超过100年的历史；nwf成立于1937年；ecologyf成立于1976年，因此ngs时间最长。2what does nwf think is the most important in environmental p

31、rotection?aknowledge. bmanagement.cmoney. dpatience.答案：a推理判断题。根据national wildlife federation部分中的“in fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environmentthe more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in.”可知，nwf认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式。由此可以推断，nwf认为知识在环保中

32、是最重要的。3in what way does ecologyf differ from the other three organizations?athe size of networks.bthe way of operation.cthe strength of influence.dthe degree of popularity.答案：b推理判断题。根据文章对四个环保组织的介绍可知，ecologyf是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，而其他三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。由此可以推断，ecologyf与其他三个环保组织的运营方式不同。concer

33、n n. (尤指许多人共同的)担心，忧虑endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的adoption n. 收养；领养conservation n. (对环境的)保护(第四段第一句)founded officially in 1937, the national wildlife federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs.国家野生动物联合会于1937年正式成立，不惜一切代价保护野生动物。(2019浙江高考)california has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according t

34、o a study to be published tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)the number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of california forests, the new study finds. no area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast

35、to the sierra nevada mountains to the san gabriels above los angeles. in the sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern california the decline was nearly 75 percent.many factors contributed to the decline, said patrick mcintyre, an ecologist

36、 who was the lead author of the study. woodcutters targeted big trees. housing development pushed into the woods. aggressive wildfire control has left california forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)but in comparing a study of california forests done in the

37、1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, mcintyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.the loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage

38、. the researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)since the 1930s, mcintyre said, t

39、he biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。保护环境，需要我们每个人从身边的每一件小事

40、做起。低碳生活，人人有责。(a lowcarbon life is everyones responsibility.)4what is the second paragraph mainly about?athe seriousness of bigtree loss in california.bthe increasing variety of california big trees.cthe distribution of big trees in california forests.dthe influence of farming on big trees in califor

41、nia.答案：a段落大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故a项正确。5which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?aecological studies of forests.bbanning woodcutting.climiting housing development.dfire control measures.答案：d推理判断题。第三段中提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素：woodcutters，housing development与agg

42、ressive wildfire control。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是好的，为了控制野火，实则对大树不利，故d项正确。6what is a major cause of the water shortage according to mcintyre?ainadequate snowmelt.ba longer dry season.ca warmer climate.ddampness of the air.答案：c细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“. the bigges

43、t factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures .”可知，水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故c项正确。7what can be a suitable title for the text?acalifornias forests：where have all the big trees gone?bcutting of big trees to be prohibited in california sooncwhy are the big trees importan

44、t to california forests?dpatrick mcintyre：grow more big trees in california答案：a标题判断题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：california has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故a项作为标题最合适。decline v. 减少ecologist n. 生态学家aggressive adj. 富于攻击性的document v. 记录n. 文件(第五段第一句)the loss of big trees

45、 was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。(2019北京高考)by the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.at the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microor

46、ganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. climate change will fuel the growth of phyt

47、oplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. when these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important pro

48、cess that helps to regulate the global climate. but phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.stephanie dutkiewicz, a

49、 scientist in mits center for global change science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. in a world that warms up by 3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. the model projects that currently blue areas with little phyto

50、plankton could become even bluer. but in some waters, such as those of the arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”an

51、d why does that matter? phytoplankton are the base of the food web. if certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in

52、 the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the earl

53、y warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。海洋是人类的生物宝库，我们要增强海洋意识，保护蔚蓝海洋，立志成为保护海洋生物的有心人(determined to be a dedicated defender of marine life)。8what are the first two paragraphs mainly about?athe various patterns at the ocean surface.bthe cause of

54、 the changes in ocean colour.cthe way light reflects off marine organisms.dthe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：b段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故b项正确。9what does the underlined w

55、ord “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?asensitive. bbeneficial.csignificant. dunnoticeable.答案：a词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故a项正确。10what can we learn from the passage?aphytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.bdutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.cphytoplankton have been used to control global climate.doceans