Argumentativeessays英语议论文写作PPT课件

1、Before Writing. Brainstorm ideas on the subject. Identify the main topics. Use these topics as headings for organising your notes. Decide which side you are on i.e. which arguments are most convincing. Make sure you choose the side that you can fully support. Plan and write an outline for your essay

2、 noting down the information you will include in each paragraph.第1页/共12页Example OutlineThesis Statement: Because of its cost, risk and alternatives, the building of nuclear reactors should not continue.Topic Sentence 1: The first problem with nuclear reactors is their cost. Topic Sentence 2: Another

3、 problem is the serious consequences of accidents. Refutation: Some people might claim that there is no real alternative to nuclear power. Concluding Statement: In short, although nuclear power is an attractive option, it has too many disadvantages. 第2页/共12页Introductory Paragraph Your introduction s

4、hould: Introduce the topic with a general statement State why it is important State there is a difference of opinion about this topic Thesis statement must state what YOUR claim is and can include the “parts” of the argument you are going to state.第3页/共12页Example Introductory ParagraphThere has been

5、 much discussion about the use of nuclear power ever since the first reactor was built. People who support nuclear power think that it provides a cheap and effective means of supplying energy needs. However, in reality it is not cheap at all and the dangers are well-known after the accidents at Cher

6、nobyl and Three Mile Island. The fact is that nuclear power is a tried, tested and failed technology. Because of its cost, risk and alternatives, the building of nuclear reactors should not continue.第4页/共12页Body Paragraphs Arguments for: The reasons “parts” of your thesis statement will be in your b

7、ody paragraphs. Give clear arguments for your claim with support (examples, statistics, explanations, etc.) Use transition words as you move from paragraph to paragraph (Firstly, secondly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, finally). You can also use any of the transitions from the other essay type

8、s as long as they are appropriate for your argument. (You may want to compare/contrast things, give reasons/results, descriptions, definitions etc.)第5页/共12页Refutation Paragraph This is also used to support your claim. Use the counter arguments to show that your idea is the stronger one. Do not focus

9、 only on the opposing ideas.第6页/共12页Useful words and phrasesWhen you can think of the opposing opinion but you have not seen it written anywhere:could be claimed It may be asserted that. However, might be argued第7页/共12页Useful words and phrases contd.When you have seen the opposing opinion written in

10、 another text: claimed It has been asserted that. However, argued第8页/共12页Example RefutationSome people might claim that there is no real alternative to a new generation of nuclear reactors. However, combined heat and power units, which generate electricity, are already economical for large houses or

11、 blocks of flats and smaller units will be on the market next year. Local generation of electricity eliminates the enormous losses of wasted heat in electricity generation by fossil fuels or nuclear reactors. Wind turbines and solar cells on the roof can also provide home solutions and will become m

12、ore economical as costs come down with mass production. 第9页/共12页Concluding paragraphYour conclusion should: Restate the main claim Present one or two general sentences which accurately summarise your arguments which support the main premise Provide a general warning of the consequences of not following the premise that you put forward and/or a general statement of how the community will benefit from following that premise第10页/共12页Y