高中英语过去分词作表语和定语课件新人教版必修4

1、1. -how are the team playing ? - they are playing well , but one of them _ hurt . a. got b. gets c . are d . were 2. one afternoon, mrs green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (nmet91 23) a. bought b. buying c. to buy d. writing 过去分词的否定形式：过去分词的否定形式：not done思考：思考：_ in the cou

2、ntry, he found everything in the countryside interesting.a.not bringing up b. not brought upc. being not brought up d. having not brought up写出下列动词的过去分词写出下列动词的过去分词:clean- stay-update- study- come- find- comefoundcleanedupdatedstudied规则规则:1.规则动词规则动词:a.一般情况加一般情况加-ed b.以以e结尾加结尾加-d c.辅音辅音+ y,把变把变i,再加再加-e

3、d2. 不规则动词不规则动词: p195-197stayed过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1. 过去分词过去分词done表示被动和完成；表示被动和完成；2. 现在分词的主动式现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、表示主动的、正在进行的动作；正在进行的动作；3. 现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式being done表示被动表示被动的、正在进行的动作；的、正在进行的动作；4. 不定式的主动式不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发生表示一个将要发生的主动动作的主动动作(有时也可表被动有时也可表被动)；5. 不定式的被动式不定式的被动式to be done

4、则表示一个则表示一个将要发生的被动动作将要发生的被动动作 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 she looked worried.i am interested in the book.your idea seems good.he was lost in thought.the door remained locked.过去分词作表语1、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主在主-系系-表句型中表句型中,说明主语说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如在内的多种形式。如:you seem frightened

5、.你看样子受了惊吓。你看样子受了惊吓。2、少数不及物动词、少数不及物动词(如如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语的过去分词也能作表语,但它们但它们不表示被动意义不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。只是表示动作完成。如如:they are gone for vacation.他们度假去了。注意注意:要区别要区别“系动词系动词+过去分词过去分词(系表结构系表结构)” 和和 “系动词系动词+过去分词过去分词(被动语态被动语态)”。如如: a. the library is now closed.图书馆现在关门了。b. the library is closed at six.图书馆经常在

6、六点钟关门。说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,a句是系表结构,b句是被动语态 思考：什么是连系动词？思考：什么是连系动词？1、be 动词动词2、表示变化的动词、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等等3、感官动词、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等4、还有、还有see

7、m, appear, stay, keep, remain, turn out等等有的已成为固定搭配有的已成为固定搭配 ：be covered with be lost in thoughtbe caught in the rain be separated frombe interested in被被覆盖覆盖陷入沉思陷入沉思被雨淋被雨淋从从分离分离对对感兴趣感兴趣3.作表语作表语例例3 nmet1998第第23题题cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay

8、解析解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.1. as we joined the big crowd , i got _ from my friends.( nmet 2001) a. separated b. spared c. lost d. missed2. cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour .

9、( nmet 98) a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别作表语时表示主语的特征和所处的状态；作表语时表示主语的特征和所处的状态；被动语态表示一个动作。被动语态表示一个动作。the glass is broken .the glass was broken by my sister.the novel is well-written .the novel is written by lu xun.一、作定语一、作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动

10、和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。过去分词作定过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。语。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已过去分词作定

11、语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。物动词才有被动意义。过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语、前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完表示被动和完成意义。成意义。a类类:被动意义被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人the injured workers are now being

12、 taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。b类类:完成意义完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师they are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2、后置定语、后置定语 ：过去分词短语作定语时：过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如个定语从句。如:this will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=t

13、hat has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?experienced talented gifted heard addicted interested impressed writexperienced talented gifted heard dreamt reported made laddicted interested impre

14、ssed written understoodexperienced talented gifted heard dreamt reported made located stolenaddicted interested impressed written understoodexperienced talented gifted heard dreamt reported made located stolenaddicted interested impressed written understoodexperienced talented gifted heard dreamt re

15、ported made located stolenaddicted interested impressed written understoodexperienced talented gifted heard dreamt reported made located stolenaddicted interested impressed written understoodpleased boreddisappointedsatisfiedscaredannoyedwhat do “attribute” and “predictive” mean? can you give us som

16、e examples?i.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语last sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest.a letter posted today will reach him the day after.so, so, 过去分词（短语）作定语，过去分词（短语）作定语， 与其所修饰的词与其所修饰的词之间存在着之间存在着逻辑上逻辑上的的_关系，且表示该动关系，且表示该动作作_。单个的过去分词作定语，通常。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词的置于被修饰词的_，而，而_作作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。被动被动

17、已经完成已经完成前面前面分词短语分词短语个别过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。个别过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 can you work out the meanings of these phrases?in the given time with the words givena wanted person waitresses wanteda concerned look the people concerned注意：过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不注意：过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不定式的被动语态作定语意义的不同定式的被动语态作定语意义的不同。most of

18、 the guests invited to the party were her classmates.the shopping centre being built was designed by mr. wang.the building to be finished next year will be our new theatre.在既定的时间内在既定的时间内 用所给的单词用所给的单词 被通缉的人被通缉的人 招聘女服务员招聘女服务员 关切的表情关切的表情 有关人士有关人士 过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作_, _, 现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动

19、动现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动作作_，动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表，动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表示动词不定式的被动动作示动词不定式的被动动作_._.已经完成已经完成 正在发生正在发生 将要发生将要发生 注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语意义的不同。注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语意义的不同。（p91, exercise 2) 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有_关系，表示该动作的关系，表示该动作的_或者或者_; _; 现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的_关系，表示该动作的关系，表示该动作

20、的_或者或者_._.动宾动宾 被动被动 完成完成主谓主谓 主动主动 进行进行 a falling treea fallen treeboiling waterboiled waterfalling leavesfallen leavesa flying birdprepared breakfasta snow-covered city the broken window made the house very ugly.the window which was broken made the house very ugly.过去分词作定语可以转换为一个定语从句过去分词作定语可以转换为一个定语从

21、句 where shall we put the flowers gathered this morning?where shall we put the flowers which were gathered this morning?what is the language that is spoken in italy?what is the language spoken in italy?do you know all the artists invited to the party?do you know all the artists who were invited to th

22、e party?ii. ii. 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，有被动意味，相当于一个形容词。常用来作表语有被动意味，相当于一个形容词。常用来作表语的过去分词有：的过去分词有：interested, excited, impressed, disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, married, frustrated, frightened, scared

23、等等.e.g. hearing what he said, we were all deeply impressed. the little boy was very excited at the sight of the tiger.注意：过去分词作表语和被动语态不同注意：过去分词作表语和被动语态不同the glass is broken. the glass was broken by jack.用作表语的过去分词主要表示动作的完成和状态，用作表语的过去分词主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个相当于一个_词。被动语态的过去分词，动词。被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子的主语是动作的作意

24、味很强，句子的主语是动作的_者，后常者，后常跟跟_引导的短语。引导的短语。形容词形容词承受承受by注意：过去分词和现在分词作表语的不同意义。注意：过去分词和现在分词作表语的不同意义。the story is exciting, so you will be excited when you read it.过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的_, _, 主语往往是主语往往是_, _, 常译为常译为_；现在分；现在分词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的_,_,主语一主语一般是般是_, _, 常译成常译成_._.心理状态心理状态 人人 “感到感到

25、的的” 特征特征 物物 “令人令人的的” 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质，具有形容词的性质 。一。一般说来般说来 ：单个过去分词作前置定语单个过去分词作前置定语 :he is a respected leader.过去分词短语作后置定语过去分词短语作后置定语 :young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.b.作定语时可用定语从句代替作定语时可用定语从句代替 he is a respected leader.= h

26、e is a leader _.young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.= yong people _ cant imagine the bitter life in the old days. who is respected who were brought up in the new society2.作定语作定语例例2 nmet1997第第17题题the olympic games,_ in 776 b.c.did not include women

27、players until 1912. a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to be first playing解析解析 过去过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以所以a是正确的。是正确的。first played in 776b.c.=which

28、was first played in 776 b.c.例如：例如： he is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶落叶 retired workers 退休工人退休

29、工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳升起的太阳 prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招）春招） a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buying 1. prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices . ( nmet 2002 ) a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buy

30、ing2. the first text books _ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .( nmet 94)a.having written b. to be written c. being written d. written过去分词的基本特点过去分词的基本特点 ：1.从语态从语态 上讲上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词一般：及物动词的过去分词一般表被动表被动 。2.从时态上讲从时态上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词表示：及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成的动作已经完成的动作 ；不及物动词表示完

31、成的；不及物动词表示完成的意思而非表被动意思而非表被动 。简而言之，过去分词的特点即简而言之，过去分词的特点即:1. the ceiling has fallen down.2. the letter was written.3. the glass has been broken.完成完成被动被动完成完成,被动被动过去分词与现在分词的区别过去分词与现在分词的区别 过去分词具有过去分词具有_和和_之意之意 现在分词具有现在分词具有_和和_之意之意作定语的区别作定语的区别falling leavesfallen leaves作表语的区别作表语的区别i am interested in the b

32、ook.the book is interesting . 被动被动完成完成主动主动进行进行进行进行完成完成被动被动主动主动1. the disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. （04上海）上海）a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded 2. linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _ as 3m. （04浙江）浙

33、江）a. knowing b. known c. being known d. to be known3. most of the artists _ to the party were from south africa. (90nmet)a. invited b. to invite c. being invited d. had been invited4. as soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother. (93上海上海)a.buying b. being bou

34、ght c. were bought d. bought5. dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. (93上海上海)a.being known b. having been known c. to be known d. known6. the computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. ( 93nmet) a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened7. cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. (98nmet)a.pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay8. as we joined the big crowd i got _ from my friends. (2001nmet)a.s