四级培训第二次课讲稿.doc

1、复习上节课内容 （有横线部分和方框内部分为课堂文当中所有部分）听力常见规律： 打工苦挣钱，有钱决不存，专买便宜货，没钱空抱怨。没事老生病，最怕人丢脸，说话爱拐弯 , 身材不可变。找谁谁没空，电话错千遍。电影演讲常无聊，火车飞机难准点 (同样适用于人 )时间与数字题有关时间的表达： 直接 sharp；运用 past，to， after 等介词； midnight ； day， week， fortnight ，month，quarter，year，decade，score，century；（表频率） weekly ，monthly ，yearly，every ，bi-monthly(every

2、two months) ；the day before yesterday/after tomorrow提示时间变化的表达： more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after, as soon as, once, notuntil.（ 机 场 / 车 站 ） depart/arrive,delay, miss,cancel/call off.（不祥词汇） scheduled, supposed, assumed （会议等） start/begin, postpone, put off ,traffic jam/car broken有关价格的表达： 价

3、格的表示大多以美国的货币单位出现（ dollar/cent/quarter/dime/nickel ）四级听力价格题的惯用思维： a.不直接说出价格 ,反而说出所付的钱以及找回的钱 ,要同学们计算 b. 不买正价物品，专买打折货（ save, at a .% discount, knock .% off theprice, on sale/special, bargain, second hand, used .）其他提示数字关键词: ( 倍数 / 分数 )times,twice, triple, half, double; quarter, 基数词 /序数词 (s).地点与方向题型对对话场所

4、或者是某事物的方向进行判断 , 答案不会直接出现 ,但是会出现相关词汇帮助同学们进行判断 .如 : dishes, menu, order, go Dutch, pay the bill/treat-stamps, envelopes, packages, parcel, postage-reserves, check in/out, room service, lobby, reception desk-brand, size, color, style, discount, cashier-boarding card, cancel a flight, take off, land, pa

5、ssport, visa-cough, give an injection, take temperature, pill, aspirin, capsules-open an account, deposit, cash/check, draw out, interest rate-职业与身份大体上来说，这类题目比较常考的有两种 (可从四选项判断 )。 a. 问说话人的职业或身份(如 Professor, father)a.问两说话人之间的关系.答题提示 a. 注意以上提过的地点状语与说话人的语气 . b. 特别注意称呼 ,如是否使用敬语 (如 please 则一般是生人或者地位有差别的人之

6、间才会使用 ) c.一定要记笔记， 否则很容易张冠李戴。在此列举一些需要特别注意的职业 plumber(tap, leak), repairman(一般考顾客取回东西的时间 ?Can I take it back tomorrow?), Mr. Jones, Smith须注意的人物关系:librarian and student, bossand secretary, colleagues(需注意与 friends 之间的区别 , 前者一般谈论工作 ,后者则一般谈工作外的话题 )建议与请求选项思路 : a.观察选项 , 如果四个选项全是涉及不同动作的句子 ,并且是某一个人作主语 ,或者全部是不

7、定式 /ing 形式 ,那么就可以初步断定此题属于 offer and request 范围内 ,然后给选项中动词划线 . b.万能规律 : 留心对话中动词同义词 ,留心被请求一方的态度肯定还是否定 , 关键词为 but 或者是任何转折或矛盾的词 .听音思路 : 抓住建议请求处做题 ,常出现在第二人说的话中 .包含情态动词的句子b. 祈使句c. 反意疑问句 d.否定疑问句（ dont you think ., shouldnthe be doing .）e. 包括有建议词汇的句子 f. why not.?/why don tyou ?/howabout ? g. 虚拟语气委婉表示建议（ If

8、I were you .）虚拟语气一出必考建议词汇 (考虑是否在培训课用 )： suggest, advice，短语和句式类 why not.?/why dont you ?/how（ what） about ? youd better, would be wiser? Why bother .? 祈使句 , 虚拟语气类 would rather sb. did .（.觉得你应该 ） It s about (high) time sb. did (.该这么做了 ) , if I were you, I would .计划与行动1.关于 have sth. done 和 have sb. do

9、sth.不要粗心犯错误 .2.第二人对话中使用了转折词 but, 一方提出计划或行动 , 另一方前半部分表同意 ,但马上用 but 提出要做别的事 .本次课内容贯穿引申推断题中三种高频考点： 要做好推断题，最重要的是要搞懂说话者的意思，这一点除了要有听力的基本功之外， 还有一些技巧可以帮助大家。1转折让步 , 听懂转折和让步含义才能正确把握说话者的意图这类题型非常常见，尤其是转折类，常被用来表示否定回答。 听音时一定要抓住转折和让步关系的句子， 选项往往是他们的近义句或者是对他们进行推理的结果。 要求大家对转折关键词 but，表让步的关键词 although,though, in spite

10、of, despite 等有高度的敏感性。转折如： 1995 年 6 月题A) he wants to pay B) he doesntwant to eat outC) He wants to eat somewhere else. D) he doesntlike Japanese foodW: I hear theres a good Japanese restaurant nearby. Would you like to go there for lunch?M: Yes, but it s my treat this time.Q: what does the man mean?让

11、步如： 1995 年 6 月题A) he didnt work as hard as he was supposed toB) he didntpass the physics examC) he did better in an earlier examD) he found something wrong with the exam W: you look upset. Anything wrong?M: I failed in the physics exam again in spite of all the efforts I made.Q: what do we know abou

12、t the man from the conversation?英语中表示转折的词汇很多，但是应用的范围不同，如写作和阅读中可以使用到but,however, nevertheless, whereas, while 等较为书面的词，而在口语中，用词则趋于简单，基本上集中在 but 上。1）根据我们之前的原则，转折最常出现的地方为否定表达中的 I d like(love) to, but .模式中（委婉拒绝， 给人留面子） 2) 在明确拒绝别人之后， 内心不安后悔，于是采取打一巴掌揉三下政策，其后也常接转折 3）一些特殊词语可以暗示转折含义，如： used to, mean to do, us

13、ually,intended to do, thought to be, suppose, assume, schedule 等。Practice:1. a. he doesntthink he can post the parcel for the woman.b.hed like to post the parcel for the woman. c. He wants to go out for lunch with woman. d.He doesntthink he has time to buy lunchfor the woman.2. a. in Japan. B. in Fr

14、ance c. in England d. in Scotland3. a. went shoppingb. had her car repairedc. did some needle workd. bought acake4. a. because she has to workb. becauseshe doesntwant toc. because she is going out for dinner at arestaurantd. because she is meeting someone in arestaurant5. a. 50 minutes.B. 35 minutes

15、c. 20minutesd. 15 minutes6. a. she invites the man to a potluck next weekendb. she asks the man to help her with the gardeningc. she is not free todayd. she agrees to meet the man next Saturday.7. a. she lent him a pen.b. she lent him a pencilc. she asked him if he could do without apend. she asked

16、him if he could use a pencil8. a. 8:30b. 8:00c. 9:00d. 9:309. a. Jacks motherb. Jacks fatherc. Jacks daughterd. Jacks wife10. a. he would be able to go if he wants tob. he should have a new schedulec. he shouldntchange his scheduled. he should spend the summer in San Francisco2 拟语气与条件句需要同学们分清虚拟语气和条件

17、句（ if 引导的）条件句句型 ： if, unless, suppose, in case, as long as等引导的从句，也有 with/without 引导的短语。虚拟语气句型A. if 虚拟句 (与现在过去将来相反的虚拟语气 )B. if only 后的从句，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，用 could, would 等+动词原型表示对将来 憧 憬 。 如 ： If only it would stopsnowing!C.as if, as though 引导的壮语从句中多用虚拟语气，用过去时表示与现在相反，过去完成时表示与过去相反。 如：You look a

18、s ifyou had seen a ghost.D.For fear that, lest, in case 引导的目的状语从句中，可以用 should+动词原型表示虚拟，也可以用 may 或者 might ，如： he isstudyinghardforfearthatheshould/might/may fail the exam.E. Wish 后面的虚拟宾语从句， 用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，用 could, would 等+动词原型表示对将来憧憬，如： I wish I had been to France.此类题型例子： 1994 年 1 月题A) the

19、 man didntwant the woman to have her hair cut.B) The woman followed the man s adviceC) The woman is wearing long hair nowD) The man didn tcare if the woman had her hair cut or notM: yes, pity you had it cut. If only youd listened to me.Q: what can we learn from the dialogue?例 2：A) he had to work ove

20、rtimeB) he washeld up in trafficC) his car ran out of gasD) he had atraffic accidentM: if the traffic wasnt so bad, I could have been home by 6:00W: what a pity! John was here to see you.Q: what happened to the man?例 3：A) the size of the roomB) longer workinghoursC) the hot weatherD) the fan in ther

21、oomM: it s so hot today. I simply cant work. Iwish there were a fan in this room.W: So do I. Ill fall asleep if I stay here any longer.Q: what are they complaining about?3.含义隐藏的否定与肯定回答(同意与不同意 )6 种否定形式 :1. Id like to, but2. subjunctive mood3. Im sorry4. Singing is the last thing for me.5. anything bu

22、tAnything but do my homework now.= I don t want to do my homework now6.should sb. Be doing?=sb. Shouldntdo几个特殊否定句 : (CET-4 高频句式 ) 表肯定 I can tagree with you more. It s none of your business.He is not so much of a good doctor.The young man is by no means polite.I wouldn t have missed the match for any

23、thing. ( 无论如何也不会错过 .)You can never be too careful while crossing the road.Under no circumstances should I break my promise.Never fail to do sth.表肯定句型You betYou hit the nail on the head.Will be all right?PART II引申推断题两大类型I. 态度题 : 贯穿整个听力部分 (小对话 )的最高频最有难度题型 . 日常生活中说的话里有话.(天使的面孔 ,魔鬼的身材 ,converse)例:96.01A

24、) she is sure who is going to winB) now it is a good time to start the gameC) the game has been going on for a long timeD) the same team always winsM: let s see if the basketball game has started yet.W: started? It must be clear who is winning by now.Q: what does the woman mean?1.上题属于 语调类调(肯定 , 叙述 )

25、she音表讽刺 (仍用上例 (I pass the exam!) 再例 : 96.01,升调 (不肯定 , 疑问 ), 降 is beautiful 为例 . 拉长语 ), 声音变高表喜悦 ,惊讶A) the ideas of the paper are not convincingB) some parts of the paper are not well writtenC) the handwriting of the paper is not goodD) the paper is not completeM: what do you think of my paper?W: the

26、ideas are good. IfI were you, though,Id write the last two paragraphs to make it better.Q: what s the womans comment on the mans paper?2.上题是一到语气题 ,也就是我们说的虚拟语气逢出必考 ,表示出说话人的真实想法 ,但是因为不好直接说出 ,因此借用虚拟语气 .例 3:A) most people killed in the traffic accident are heavy drinkersB) she doesntagree with the manC)

27、 she thinks that drunk drivers are not guiltyD) people should pay more attention to drunkdrivingM: I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving.W: I cant agree with you more. You see, countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.Q: what does the wom

28、an mean?3.上体属于态度题第三种题型,同意与不同意 . 凡 在 选 项 中 出 现 agree/ disagree,share opinion, like/dislike, think/ don tthink 之类词语的题目一般来说是要求判断第二个人是否同意第一人的观点 ,因此要特别注意第二人的说话 ,尤其是其言外之意 .Tom is so handsome!-you can tbe serious!/get outof my face!/ do you really think so? 平时多掌握表示赞同和反对的句型You can say it againI cantagree mo

29、re. I m not sureI doubtI dratherIt s all very well to say that, but练习 : 推理综合 ,以语调类为主1. a, the train is always lateb. hes sorry its already 9:30c. the train is arriving at 9:30d. the train is already late2. a. Jane is almost readyb. Jane is far from being readyc. Jane will finish packing soond. Jane

30、has just started packing3. a. hes carrying too many things in his handsb. he doesntwant to move the sofac. hes too busy to help the womand. he will help the woman later4. a. It has just begun rainingb. she doesntlike rainy daysc. it has been raining for some timed. she doesntthink it sraining5. a. h

31、ed like to get tickets for the game very much.b. hes not interested in the gamec. hes already got some tickets for the game d. he feels sorry that the woman hasmisunderstood himII. 因果关系推理 (明示因果和暗示因果 )表原因词汇 : because, for, since, as, now that,in that, because of, due to, owning to, thanks to, as a re

32、sult of, on account of, that is why, cause, give rise to, result from表结果的词汇 : so, so that , in order that, as a result, lead to, result in, consequently四个选项至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果。通常有好几个选项的事实能导致统一结果A. but 类因果 ,转折处暗示因果例: A) she is afraid of going out at nightB) she had to do some bakingC) she wanted to get ready for a plane tripD) she was moving to a new apartmentM: How about going to dinner and a movie wit