四级写作课堂讲义Version

1、四级写作课堂讲义Version u永恒正确的分类 l工作、学习、 例：科技的发展有什么好处？ 四级写作课堂讲义Version uLogic Structure lMajor ideas and Important information lOrganization of ideas and concepts 四级写作课堂讲义Version u主题 l习惯性认知误区： 找不准主题or主题不停重复 l写作特点： 结构主体-支撑 细节主体-填充 l嵌套三层次-论文结构 Introduction Topic Subtopic Body Analysis Evidence Conclusion Topi

2、c 四级写作课堂讲义Version u主题句 每段都要有主题句，通常位于段首或段 末 四级写作课堂讲义Version u主题句写作练习 Baseball is a popular sport in the United States. There are two teams of nine players each. Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out. The batter hits the ball and then tries to run arou

3、nd the bases and get “home” safely. The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball. The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to m

4、ake it “home.” 四级写作课堂讲义Version Baseball, a popular game in the United States, is played in the following way. 四级写作课堂讲义Version Many students cannot afford a car. The city bus service usually passes the university, so those students can get to class on the bus. Many universities have a special shuttle

5、 bus that is provided for student transportation. Some students like to ride to class on bicycles. This is good exercise. Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a car on a crowded university campus. Those students who live close to campus or on campus

6、can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes. 四级写作课堂讲义Version For the many students who cannot afford a car, there are several alternative ways of getting to class. 四级写作课堂讲义Version u加主题句 First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule. Second,

7、the food is inexpensive yet tasty. A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget. Finally, the food is usually consistent. For example, a cheeseburger from a well- known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased. Conse

8、quently, buyers know exactly what they are getting. 四级写作课堂讲义Version Fast food has a lot of advantages. lA number of lA variety of lA series of lA wide range of lA multitude of 四级写作课堂讲义Version The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences. The blue pages contain t

9、he numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers. There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book. The telephone books of larger cities may provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to

10、include the numbers from several towns all in one book. 四级写作课堂讲义Version American telephone books are divided into several sections. 四级写作课堂讲义Version u重要信息细节 l习惯性认知错误： 没有细节or零散无关 l细节作为重要信息所包含的内容 l我们我们的口号：的口号： 每一个论点都要有理由 每一个理由都要有例子 每一个例子都要有细节 四级写作课堂讲义Version u细节性问题 l理由不能太具体，否则不容易展开 例：建餐馆不好 1、导致水污染 2、导致

11、空气污染 3、导致交通堵塞 l解决方案：往上升一个层次 1、导致水污染环境 2、导致空气污染环境 3、导致交通堵塞便利 四级写作课堂讲义Version u过渡词汇、段落衔接 l表示次序： first of all in the first place for one thing on the one hand first and foremost to begin with 四级写作课堂讲义Version in the second place moreover，whats more，furthermore for another, besides, plus on the other han

12、d in addition additionally 四级写作课堂讲义Version finally last but not least 四级写作课堂讲义Version in conclusion/summary to conclude/sum up in short in brief on the whole 四级写作课堂讲义Version uSentence Structure l习惯性认知误区: 语法不好英语同样能学好 l语法的重要性： 语法之于语言等于法律之于社会 l写作如何进行语法考察： 输入能力（阅读、听力）中的语法考察 设置障碍能否绕过 输出能力（口语、写作）中的语法考察 是否

13、主动犯错 四级写作课堂讲义Version u 语法缺陷解决方案 l语法书的选择 剑桥中级语法 l语法书的使用方法： 看中文 是手册而不是教材 四级写作课堂讲义Version uLexical Resources l习惯性认知的误区： 提高词汇量就等于提高了写作能力 l写作词汇考查方式： 1、词汇变化 2、连词成句 四级写作课堂讲义Version u写作如何背单词 l音 phenomenon vocabulary l形 词性：economy success 名词：复数形式 information U-uncountable C-countable -or, -er -es 如字母 x;-s;-c

14、h;-th 动词:过去式、过去分词、现在分词 形容词：副词、比较级、最高级 l义 observe 遵守、庆祝 suggest 建议、暗示 l用 provide l比 offer/provide 四级写作课堂讲义Version l单词记忆的方法 原则：高频率重复 1、重复周期15天 2、不要狂抄单词 3、使用零散时间背单词 4、阅读和背单词相结合 5、视觉刺激和听觉刺激相结合 四级写作课堂讲义Version uBest Words l写作五大恶心词汇： 1、Think assume believe claim consider maintain suppose recognize realize

15、 regard 四级写作课堂讲义Version in my point of view/viewpoint/standpoint I hold the opinion that as far as I am concerned from my perspective of view to my way of thinking on my personal level 四级写作课堂讲义Version 2、Thing issue event phenomenon problem question debate argument controversy 四级写作课堂讲义Version 3、but y

16、et however nevertheless nonetheless while whilst whereas 四级写作课堂讲义Version 4、because for since owe to due to contribute to account for responsible for 四级写作课堂讲义Version 5、important vital crucial critical essential significant necessary indispensable matter count 四级写作课堂讲义Version u感性认知写作的各种特征 l从理论到实践 1106

17、 My View on Online Shopping 1. 现在网购已经成为一种时尚 2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3. 我的建议 四级写作课堂讲义Version u我们的状态和写作的本质 l我们的状态： 写作速度 打字速度 写作耐力 思维同步 构思选材 过渡词汇、段落衔接 重要信息：主题信息、细节信息 单词、语法 四级写作课堂讲义Version u 写作本质： Vary Input Practice 公共邮箱： Key：writingvip 四级写作课堂讲义Version u作文学习方法 l提高实力 背诵经典范文 滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善 默写、发现写作弱点 中译英、提高写

18、作能力 写作、模仿 l掌握技巧 万能框架（一个超强模板） l写作是表达而不是翻译 四级写作课堂讲义Version u作文学习方法 l写出来 l写正确 15篇 不限时写作 300字 610篇 1小时 300字 检查 1120篇 30min 300字 润色 l写漂亮 show off 四级写作课堂讲义Version u高分策略： l字迹清楚、段落明朗 l内容完整、紧扣提纲 l首保完整、再求闪光 l先总后分、连词用上 四级写作课堂讲义Version l形式： 对立观点型 解决问题型 现象解释型 图表图画型 应用写作型 四级写作课堂讲义Version uBest Structure 开头 主体 结尾

19、四级写作课堂讲义Version u文章开头文章开头 l开头1 背景论题Which 写背景的好处： 第一印象 增加字数 四级写作课堂讲义Version l提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象（紧 扣论题）作为背景 注：最多两句话必须进入论题 例：大学生住在校内还是校外好 现在经济迅速发展，家长有更多的钱想 让孩子住在校外使其生活更舒适，这种 现象引起了教育界和社会的广泛讨论。 四级写作课堂讲义Version Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

20、 Recently, the university campus is becoming a new scenic spot for people, one can always find visitors taking pictures and enjoying the scenery in university campus, which arises/gives rise to wide attention on this phenomenon. (People hold different ideas towards this issue.) 四级写作课堂讲义Version u现象解释

21、型开头句式： 1、No one could have failed to notice the fact that _ is enjoying increasing popularity among Chinese citizens. 2、The past several years have witnessed a growing/increasing number of _emerging from our society. 3、The early years of the 21st century have experienced an increasingly prevalent ph

22、enomenon arising from our society, namely, _. 四级写作课堂讲义Version l官方、权威数据、调查研究结果作为背 景 例：大学生住在校内还是校外好 现在中国最权威最受大学生欢迎的网站 调查显示，如果条件允许的话如果条件允许的话有70%的 大学生喜欢在校外居住，这种现象引起 了社会界和教育界广泛的讨论。(有人 认为还有人认为我认为) 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0912 Creating a Green Campus0912 Creating a Green Campus A recent survey conducted by China D

23、aily, which enjoys the most popularity among Chinese people indicates that 80% of the schools and colleges are willing to rebuild their campus to make it more environmental if possible, which 四级写作课堂讲义Version u调查报告型开头句式 One new survey conducted by experts demonstrates that According to the figures re

24、leased by a recent study, it can be learned that 四级写作课堂讲义Version u调查报告型开头句式 the the by ,it can be According to As can be seen in As is shown in As is evidenced in figures/statistics findings/data graph/table released provided a the recent new latest study investigation poll survey learned seen predi

25、cted 四级写作课堂讲义Version A One recent new general nationwide study survey poll investigation conducted taken at a factory/university by officials/scientists/experts indicates/shows/reveals/suggests/proves/ demonstrates 四级写作课堂讲义Version l开头2 论题+事例事例 注意： 简洁 时态语态 做合适的推论 四级写作课堂讲义Version 9201 Is Failure a Bad

26、 Thing?9201 Is Failure a Bad Thing? 1.失败是常有的事? 2.人们对失败有各种不同的态度 3.我对失败的态度 四级写作课堂讲义Version Failure is a common thing in our daily life. As students, we sometimes fail to get high scores in our examinations. When we play games, we might be beaten by others. As Adults, there are even more frequent times

27、 when we fail to do satisfactory work and be criticized by our boss. (All these failures happen naturally and almost every one of us has such experiences.) 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0301 It Pays to Be Honest 1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实 四级写作课堂讲义Version Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there

28、 are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some students cheat in the exams; some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some irresponsible doctors prescribe expensive medicines just for high profits. 四级写作课堂讲义Version CET6 The Digital Age 1.如今，数字化产品越来越多，如 2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作和生

29、活 的影响 四级写作课堂讲义Version Living in the digital age, we are unavoidably exposed to all kinds of digital products. People use digital cameras to take pictures to keep the unforgettable experience and moment when they go travelling; office workers use digital computers to deal with daily stuff and make th

30、eir time more efficient; students use digital dictionaries to help them understand difficult English words and improve their English study. 四级写作课堂讲义Version u文章结尾文章结尾 l总结全文 (重述论点和理由) (提出建议/深化意义) 深化意义 展望未来对国家社会的好处 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0812 Limiting the Use of Disposable BagsLimiting the Use of Disposable B

31、ags To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposable products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in

32、 this way, can we have a bright future. 四级写作课堂讲义Version u结尾句型 From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that Undoubtedly, all the evidences stated above support a remarkable conclusion that 四级写作课堂讲义Version u结尾句型 四级写作课堂讲义Version 四级写作课堂讲义Version u满分结尾例子 In a word, I believe

33、 that universities should require students to take classes in many subjects rather than require students to specialize in one subject. Only by developing the comprehensive knowledge and skills can a student use what he has learned in a more effective way and really enjoy the fruits of their hard wor

34、k. Whats more, the greater comprehensive expertise the students have, the stronger a nation will be, the more fulfilled life our future will achieve. 四级写作课堂讲义Version u文章主体框架四种模式文章主体框架四种模式 l1+1方案问题解决型 文章四段 写两个论点分别具体阐述 第一段：描述问题 第二段：揭示危害A 第三段：揭示危害B 第四段：评价措施 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0906 Free Admission To Museum

35、s 1、现在越来越多的博物馆向公众开放 2、有人认为会带来很多问题 3、我认为 开头略 Some people hold the opinion that free admission to museums will contribute to numerous problems ranging from the damage to the facilities of the museums to the harm of the surrounding environment. 四级写作课堂讲义Version To begin with, an increasing number of chi

36、ldren visit museums without accompany of their parents, they may touch the treasures as they please and destroy the facilities, which is bound to exert a far-reaching influence on the inner equipments of museums. Whats worse, it is known that some visitors will throw away the garbage here and there

37、at liberty or even trample on the grass, which will surely breed a profound impact on the surroundings of museums. 结尾略 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0812 Limiting the Use of Disposable Bags 1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用 2. 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3. 限制使用塑料袋的意义 开头略 The problems brought by disposable plastic bags are various, ranging from

38、 the damage of environment to the harm of peoples health. 四级写作课堂讲义Version In the first place, it takes years for the plastic products to be absorbed by the soil, so that they may pollute our environment for a relatively long time, which is bound to exert a far-reaching influence on the environment.

39、Furthermore, people usually buy food packed into disposable bags without being informed of the chemical materials they will release in high temperature, which will surely breed a profound impact on peoples health. 结尾略 四级写作课堂讲义Version u问题解决型文章模板 l描述问题段(严重性) 要旨：主题句+(例证) l揭示危害段 (分层次论述) 要旨：段落主题句+1、2 主题句

40、：people+认为+论题+引起问题+range from A to B 论点：过渡词汇+现象+which l建议措施段： 要旨：段落主题句+建议措施+展望未来 四级写作课堂讲义Version 情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。 lThe situation being so serious, it is high time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem. 首先，个人应该被教育提高意识; lOn the one hand, people should be educated to raise the awa

41、reness that 第二，我们必须制订一些法律和法规。 lOn the other hand, it is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out. (legislations/principles/institutions) 四级写作课堂讲义Version u真题练习 9801 My View on Fake Commodities 假冒伪劣商品的危害 1.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品 四级写作课堂讲义Version l2-1 2-1 方案方案对立观点型对立观点型 支持面两点理由充分论述 +反对面一点理由简略论述 第一段：

42、主体背景 第二段：论证观点A、B 第三段：论证观点C 第四段：我的看法 四级写作课堂讲义Version 切忌：支持面优点=反对面缺点 例：愿意在校内还是校外住 四级写作课堂讲义Version 0806 Recreational Activities 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐活动可能使人受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生,我的看法 开头略 (Such activities are beneficial as well as harmful to us if undertaken inappropriately. People hold different ideas towards

43、 this phenomenon.) 四级写作课堂讲义Version Supporters of the first group, who claim that recreational activities are of great significance of human beings assume the reasons as following. To begin with, they believe that it can help us build our body, people may go to gyms with their friends on weekends to get relaxed after five-day intense work. 四级写作课堂讲义Version In addition, they maintain that leisure activities can also improve our communication, people might choose to surf the int