病理生理学-第十二章细胞凋亡与疾病（Pathophysiology - Chapter twelfth apoptosis and disease）

1、病理生理学-第十二章 细胞凋亡与疾病（Pathophysiology - Chapter twelfth apoptosis and disease）The twelfth chapter is apoptosis and diseaseFirst, the multiple-choice questionType A problem1. which of the following is wrong about the description of apoptosis?A. cell necrosisProgrammed cell death in B. cellsThe active su

2、icide process of C. cellsThe pervasive phenomenon of life in D.E. basic cytologic events or processes2. the inducing factors of apoptosis areA.EB virusB. high temperatureC. estrogenD. nerve growth factorE. phenobarbital3., the inhibitory factors of apoptosis areA. cell growth factorB. cytotoxic T ly

3、mphocyteC.HIV infectionD. ionizing radiationE. secretes large amounts of glucocorticoids4. genes that promote apoptosis areA.Bcl - 2B.p53C.EIBD.ced - 9E.IAP5., apoptosis attenuation disease hasA. leukemiaB. Parkinsons diseaseC. aplastic anemiaD. heart failureE. viral hepatitis6. apoptosis enhancing

4、diseases areA. primary liver cancerB. systemic lupus erythematosusC. prostate cancerD. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusE. senile dementia7. which of the following is wrong with regard to the morphological features of apoptosis?A. is the loss of a single cellThe B. cell membrane is intactC. cells

5、swell and dissolveD. cell contents were not releasedE. lysosomes are relatively intact8. which of the following is not true of the difference in biochemistry between cell apoptosis and cell necrosis?A. needs energyB. requires the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteinsC. has new gene transcriptionD.

6、 chromatin showed non random degradation and showed a DNA ladder like bandLoss of steady-state regulation of E. ion9. which of the following is wrong with regard to the description of apoptotic bodies?A. is formed by invagination of the cell membraneThe size and composition of B. are exactly the sam

7、eOnce C. is formed, it is quickly devouredD. contents are not leakedE. is characteristic morphological change of apoptotic cells10. which one of the following is wrong about the description of PCD?A. cells are pyknosis and split into bodiesThere was no change in B. mitochondriaC. chromatin condenses

8、 and electron density increasesD. nuclear DNA electrophoresis showed no ladder like behaviorAutophagy is often present in E.11. which of the following processes belongs to apoptosis?Emergence of A. tobacco angular wormsMetamorphosis of B. silk moth larvaeEvolution of C. labial glandsD. castration of

9、 the prostate glandE. cell death during acute ischemia12. which of the following is true about the cleavage of DNA during apoptosis?A. is cut by an endogenous proteaseB. chromatin DNA is completely random degradedC.DNA cleavage fragments were inversely proportional to the number of apoptotic cellsD.

10、 mitochondrial DNA also degradesThe E. enzyme was cut at the nucleosome junction of DNA13. which of the following does not include the recognition and phagocytosis mechanisms of phagocytes on apoptotic cells?A. lectin on the surface of phagocytes can recognize the change of surface sugar in apoptoti

11、c cellsB. has CD36 on the surface of phagocytesC. is alpha beta cell phagocytosis by 3 integrinD. reduced the platelet surface reactive protein on apoptotic cellsThe asymmetric distribution of phospholipids on the membrane of E. apoptotic cells was disrupted14. which of the following is not true abo

12、ut T cells and apoptosis?A.90%95% thymocytes are removed by apoptosisB. is removed by apoptosis and is a T cell that reacts with an autoantigen of the MHC polypeptideC. cytotoxic T cells by secreting perforin mediated target cell apoptosisD. cytotoxic T cells mediate the apoptosis of target cells th

13、rough the secretion of granzymeE.T cells cause apoptosis through the Fas-Fas ligand pathway15. which of the following is wrong with regard to the apoptotic protease?A. has a specific hydrolysis effect on the substrate aspartic acid siteThe B. active site is rich in cysteineC. activates an inhibitor

14、of apoptosis (e.g., Bcl-2)Protein structure of D. hydrolyzed cells,Lead to cell disintegrationE.ICE and CED-3 have greater homologyType B problemA. cells swell and dissolveB. nucleus DNA electrophoresis showed ladder mapC. mitochondrial pyknosisD. often have a mitochondrial autophagy.There was no ch

15、ange in E. chromatin1.PCD showed2. apoptosis is manifested asThe necrosis of 3. cells is characterized byType C problemA. tumor necrosis factor familyB. cell growth factorC. bothD. neither1. the inducing factors of apoptosis are2., the inhibitory factors of apoptosis areA. cells are pyknosis and spl

16、it into bodiesB. is a mitochondrial autophagy.C. bothD. neither3. cell apoptosis4. cell necrosisA. endogenous endonucleaseB. apoptotic proteaseC. bothD, none of them5., DNA fragmentation is the executor of apoptosis6. the protein structure of the hydrolysis cell and the formation of apoptotic bodies

17、 areA. leukemiaB. AIDSC. bothD. neither7., apoptosis attenuation disease has8. apoptosis enhancing diseases haveType X problem1. cells that can consume apoptotic bodies haveA. macrophagesB. epithelial cellsC. endothelial cellsD. tumor cells2. substances that promote apoptosis includeA. radicalB. ant

18、icancer drugsC.HIV virusD.ACTH3. genes that promote apoptosis areA.CED one 3B.BaxC.FasD.ICE4. genes that inhibit apoptosis areA.EIBB.BaxC.1APD.Bcl - 25. the characteristics of apoptotic signal transduction system areA. specificityB. couplingC. identityD. multipath6. important second messengers durin

19、g apoptosis includeA.Ca2+B. ceramideC.Fas proteinD.cAMP7. biological effects of ceramide includeA. promotes cell growthB. inhibits apoptosisC. induces apoptosisD. causes cell cycle arrest8. which of the following processes involve apoptosis?A. tissue ischemia-reperfusion injuryRenewal of B. hematopo

20、ietic cellsMorphogenesis of C. embryosD. clearing of inflammatory cellsTwo. Fill in the blanks1. cell death refers to the permanent functional cells as a basic function unit of the loss, there are two main types of _ _ and its mode.2. cell apoptosis, nuclear DNA fragmentation, formation of _bp or th

21、e integer times of oligonucleotides, electrophoresis analysis showed _ map; and electrophoresis cell necrosis DNA for the degradation of _, due to its degradation is completely random.3. necrotic cells first appeared in cell volume _ instead of _, advanced cell disintegration, cell contents spread t

22、o the surrounding, caused by _.4. identification of apoptosis and necrosis under light microscope reference is _ intracellular; the surrounding cells have _.From the 5. cell apoptosis induced by factors to cell death can be divided into -_, _, _ and _ four stages.6. stages of apoptosis are _ exist,

23、therefore can form a complete feedback loop, the process of apoptosis by precise and strict control.7. strictly speaking, PCD and apoptosis are not the same phenomenon. _ is the concept of function, and_ is morphological description. Not all _ showed the morphological features of the _.The character

24、istic fragmentation of 8. cell apoptosis when DNA is caused by _ cutting, and _ plays a role in protein hydrolysis, the target protein on the cell _ subgroup which caused hydrolysis of.NineWith _ and _ caspase two activation pathway.10. cell apoptosis signal transduction system has four characterist

25、ics _, _, _ and _.11. phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in the _ catalyzed _ is a second messenger, is _ endogenous activator.12. ceramide is an apoptosis inducer, but its hydrolysis products in _ kinase phosphorylation under the action of the formation of _ has anti apoptosis effect.13.

26、apoptosis related genes according to the function is divided into _, _ and _ three types. 14. according to the characteristics of apoptosis can be divided into _ apoptosis related diseases, _ and _Three types.15. when cells are damaged, the choice of cells depends on the severity and duration of the damage. Sharp injury to _ cells, and when the light injury or chronic injury and death of cells is the first choice of _ rather than _, because it can avoid _ reaction.Reference answerType A problem1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A6.E7.C8.E9.B10.B11.D12.E13.D14.C15.CType B p