初中定语从句全解

1、初中定语从句全解（含真题答案和解析）一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用

2、逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building w

3、hich stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作

4、主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，

5、介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个

6、通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

7、d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs

8、 to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1

9、）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。历年定语从句真题及解析1. A friend is someone_

10、 says, What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”A. whoB. WhichC. WhatD. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。先行词是someone，表人，排除B，what不能引导定语从句，排除C；先行词和空格后的单词无所属关系，排除D。故选A。2. 一Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan?Sure. He is the writer _won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. whom【

11、答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的用法。which先行词为物时；whose先行词为人或物，作定语，后得接名词；who先行词为人，作主、宾、表语；whom先行词为人，只作宾语。根据先行词the writer作者，作主语。所以选择答案C。3. A Wechat (微信) is an invention _ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD /【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。which can help people talk to fri

12、ends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely是定语从句，修饰先行词invention，而先行词是物，关系代词用which或that。故选A。4. I still remember the college and the teachers_I visited in London years ago.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的连接词的用法。who“谁”，what“什么”，that“那个”，which“那个”。这里是引导定语从句，用来修饰the college and the teachers，

13、既包括人又包括物，所以关系词只能用用that，而不能用which，所以选择答案C。5. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_ his family lived ten years ago.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句引导词。定语从句的先行词the village, 在定语从句中充当的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导, 故选C。6. I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me .A. which; to laugh B. th

14、at; to laughC. whose; laughing D. which; laugh【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词及非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢完满结局、让我笑的动画片。先行词the cartoon是物，故定语从句的用关系代词用that/which；再由make sb. do sth.为固定结构，答案为D。7. What kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can dance to.A. because B. when C. who D. that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：你喜欢哪种音乐？我喜欢能随之跳舞的音乐。关

15、系代词that在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，故选D。8. Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.Oh? Shes my aunt.A. whatB. whoC. whereD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是the woman，且在定语从句中作met的宾语可知用关系代词who。所以选择答案B。9. Most students like the teachers understand them well.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. when【答案】B【解析】考查关系代词。由先行词是the teachers，且在定语

16、从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。所以选择答案B。10. Most of my classmates prefer loud music _they can dance to.A. thatB. whoC. whoseD. where【答案】A【解析】 考查定语从句关系词的选用，此题中的先行词是music。当先行词是事物时关系词用that或 which，所以应选A。11. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. whom【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词是something，

17、关系代词用that。故选C。12. People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。这里定语从句要修饰the old houses，是事物，且在从句中做bought的宾语，所以要用连接代词that或which，所以选择答案A。13. Do you know Mo Yan? Of course. He is the famous writer _ won the Nobe

18、l Prize in 2012.A. whoB. whomC. Which【答案】A【解析】选A。考查定语从句的引导词。当先行词指人时，常用that、who或whom，指物时，常用whic或that；又该句的先行词writer指人，故选A项。14. A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school.A. which; when B. that; whoC. which; whose D. that; which【答案】A【解析】考查复合句的连接词。第一个从句是定语从句，先行词表示物，引导词

19、在定语从句中作主语，应当用that或which引导；第二个从句是时间状语从句，用when引导。句意：毕业典礼是学生们从学校毕业时发生的习俗。15. Do you know the man _ is standing at the door?Yes, I do. Hes a friend of_.A. when; IB. who; mineC. that; meD. which; my【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词以及名词性物主代词的用法。定语从句的先行词the man是“人，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，我的一个朋友，a friend of mine

20、.故选B.16. She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .Awho Bthat Cwhich D. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。因为先行词是the girl，表示人，而且引导词后紧跟名词invention，所以选择D答案。17. Ill remember the old buildings I visited in the village.A. whereB. whichC. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。这里定语从句要修饰the old buil

21、dings，是物，且在从句中做visited的宾语，所以要用连接代词that或which，所以选择答案C。18. The young lady _ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.A. who B. whomC. whichD. whose【答案】 A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。先行词the young lady指人，故排除C,D ，先行词作主语故用who连接。所以选择答案 。19. The movie _ we saw last night

22、was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. Who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：我们昨晚看的电影非常的好。因先行词the movie指物，故用关系代词that引导定语从句。20. Do you know of Guo Mingyi?Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker _ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example.A. thatB. which C. whom【答案】A【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词。由空格前的work

23、er可知此处应用that 或who引导定语从句。21. I love the school I have studied in for three yearsA. whereB. whenC. that【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是the school表示物，定语从句中缺少in的宾语，故用关系词that，选C。22. The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句中关系词的选择。先行词place在定语从句中做宾语，所以选关

24、系代词，又因为先行词被最高级the best修饰，只能用关系代词that。故选A。23. Teenagers like reading the books _ are written by Guo Jingjing.A. whoB. whatC. whoseD. that【答案】 D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个定语从句，其先行词是the books，所以用that/which，故选D。24. Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house _ has new furniture in it.A. who B. where C. tha

25、t【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。匆记忙搬进有新家具的房子对健康有害。先行词house是物，并且引导词要在定语从句作主语，故选C。25. The man_is talking to our teacher is Bettys father.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意为“正在和我们老师谈话的那个人是贝蒂的爸爸”。先行词是人，故排除A和D项，关系词在定语从句中做主语，所以用who, 选择答案C。26. The house_ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.A. whichB. thatC

26、. in whichD. there【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意为“鲁迅过去住的房子现在成了博物馆。”。由于引导词在从句中作状语，故代词which和that不合适，而there不能引导定语从句，故用in which。所以选择答案C。27. I cant find the book _my mother bought me.A. whoB. whenC. which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句. 由先行词the book为物，可知应选关系词which。28. The Gay Genius is the book I like to read every day.A. thatB

27、. whoC. what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。由句意“Gay Genius这本书是我每天喜欢读的一本书”可知后句为定语从句。that 用来指人或物，who 用来指人。先行词为物，在句中作主语，且不可省略，用that。故选A。29. What are you looking for?Im looking for the watch _ I bought yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词watch表示“物”，可以排除B；引导词在定语从句中作主语，可以排除C。30. Why is Tom so sad?He

28、has lost his new bike _cost him 1800 yuan.A. whoB. whichC. whose【答案】 B【解析】考查定语从句。由于先行词为物，且在句中作主语，所以用which引导该定语从句。31. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。先行词woman astronaut“女飞行员”，指人，故答案选C项，在从句中作主语。32. Most of my fr

29、iends like loud music they can dance to.A. thatB. whatC. when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：我的大多数的朋友都喜欢可以跟着跳舞的大声音乐。they can dance to 是定语从句，修饰先行词loud music,其中that是关系代词，在从句中作宾语。33. This is the school _ we visited last year.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系词的用法。当先行词是物时用which，当先行词是人时用who，that既可以指人又可以指

30、物。此句中先行词是the school，指物，并且定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that。句意：这就是去年我们参观的那所学校。故选A。34.Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.A. that; whoseB. how; whoC. what; whoD. what; whose【答案】D【解析】考查复合句中的连词。句意：Lily不知道她喝她的朋友能做什么才能帮助这个父母离开家乡去赚钱的小男孩。由know可