完整版定语从句讲解

1、3which可以省略 The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.冈J开走的火车是 驶往深圳的。（作主语）The story （which） he told was very popular.他讲的那个故事 很有名。（作宾语）Ithat的用法that可以指人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到 that之前,若介词提前,指物用 which，指人用 whom。E-mail English is a new kind of written English that/which is being use

2、d to save tim电子 邮件英语是一种可以节约时间的新型书面英语。（作主 语指物I）Jack is no Ion ger the person （ha/who/whom） I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。（作宾语，指人）Theres the book （that/which） you are looki ng for.这正是你在找的书。（作宾语，指物）2.关系副词的用法一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当

3、于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行 词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。二关系词的用法。关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾一语、状语等）。二引导定语从句的关系代词有at，who,whom，whose,which;关系副词有 when,where. Why等。关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表功能用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句作用代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语 1 whose (of whom)whose (of

4、which)1.关系代词的用法 who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中 作宾语。在 现代英语里，有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。作 宾语的关系代词who， whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。She was the one who did most of the talking。大部分时间都是她在说话。（作主语） The boy who I khow studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。（作宾语）I happened to meet the pro fessor （who

5、/whom） I got | to know at a party.碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。（作宾语,whom可用who 代替）whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到 whom前面时，不能用who代替。Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the pa.昨天 我碰见了几个 朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。（句中的whom不能用who代替） whose的用法 whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。Is she a teacher whose hair is very short?是 位头发很短的

6、老师吗？ |I like theHe is the man whose car was stole n last ni ght.他就是昨晚被盗车辆的车主。 room whose_window looks out to the se我喜欢那间窗户面向大海的房间。 which的用法which 般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语的关系代词（放在介词后时除外）。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。(1) when的用法Iwhen指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time, day,morning, night，week ,year等表M时间的名词。|I I never forg

7、et the day |when I won the prize.我永远不会忘记我获奖的那天。 Do you remember the year | when she went abroad 你记得她出国的那一年吗？ I still remember the time when I travelled by pla ne我仍然记得坐飞机旅行的那个时候。(2) where的用法 第十九 章定语从句指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有village,章om,语)1从drng，town，country 等表地点的名词。、This is the mountain village | where

8、 I stayed last ye| Kee pthe books in a place where you can find them easi把书放在你容易找至U 的地方。 |The buildi ng where we are work ing was built five years ago我 们的办公大楼是五年前修的。(3) why的用法why指原因或理由，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reasonTell me the reason why she was lat请告诉我她迟到的原因。don t want to listen to any reason why you w

9、ere absen我不想听任何你缺席的理由。三 定语从句的注意事项。1.用that不用which的情况that和which都可指物，在定语从句中又都可作主语或宾语。通常情况下，二者可互换使用，但有时that和which却不宜互换。(1) 当先 行词是 不定代 词 all, little few, much, somethin，anything everything, nothjngpone some等时He did everythi ng that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。In this factory I found little that wa

10、s differe nt from ours 在这家工厂，我们发现很少和我们工厂 不同的地方。(2) .先行词被 all, every no, some any little, much, the on ly, the very the righ t the last, just等词修饰时 All the things that we can do are to give you sd我们a能做的就是给你提供 一些建议！ This is the very book that I这正是我想要的那本书。Music is the only thi ng that in tere音s乐是隹一令我感兴趣

11、的东西。(3) 先行词前有席数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是席数词或形容词最咼级时 The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.我们现在要做的第一件事就是找一个当地的向导。1When people talk about Han gzhou, the first that comes into mind is the West Lake.人们谈及杭州时，首先跃入脑海的就是西湖。I当先行词既有人又有物时:He was watching the children and parcels thatfi|lledwi

12、th the car.他望着满车的孩子和包裹。She described in her comp ositi on the people and p laces that in terested her m 她在作文中描述了最让她感兴趣的一些人和地方。I(5 )当主句是以或which开头的特IWho is the person that is standing at the ga?站在门 口 的那个人是谁？Which of us that knows someth ing about p hysics canno t jo in electric wires?我们中间_ 懂物理的有谁不会接电线

13、？2.用which不用that的情况关系代词前有介词且指事物时 The house in which I used to live has become a clothes sho p. 我过去住的房子现在变成了一家服装店。 The pen with which you are writi ng is Jeff你正用来写字的那支笔是杰夫的。先行词本身就是 that时Whafethat which flashed in the sky just now?刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？J_dori t like that which he did我不喜欢他做的那件事。3.用who不用that的情

14、况(1先行词是指人的不定代词时：先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one,anyone, every one, no one, all，|n obodj，an ybody，, non, | those 等不宜用 that。Congratulations toourwinners andthanks toeveryonwhoenterecthe comp etition向我们的获胜者祝贺，也感谢参与比赛的每个人。Those who have goodmanners wi l be respected.有良好礼节的人会受到人们的尊重。当先行词、一 -The professor iscomin

15、gsoon whopWill give us a talk on how to learn English.给我们作 The boy w指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时关于如何学英语讲座的教授快要来了。ascrying hardpwho lp sthis way whilelooking for his mother找妈妈时迷了路的那个小男孩正哭得厉害章疋语从句3. 定语从句中的主谓一致一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致.定语从句前是“ one of+可数名词复数”,从句的谓语动词用复数形式；是“the only one of+可 数名词复数”，定

16、语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我 是个不怕困难的人。Anyone who has questi ons to ask pl ease come to my office this after noon.有问题要问 的人，请今天下午到我办公室来。-That is one of the most expen sive dicti on aries that have come out in rece nt yea本 词典 是近几年来所出版的最贵的词典之一。_JHe is the only one of those worklers who o able to do this j他是那些工人中唯一能做此 项工作的人。4. 定语从句中的时态:定语从句中的时态一般不受主句影响，主要根据具体的语境和意义而定。、Jhe pro fessor who visited our school yesterday is from Can ada.昨天参观我们学校的教 授来自加拿大。Jhe professor who is visiting our school now is from Canada现在正在参 观我