选修6unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气

1、2021-5-20 虚拟语气虚拟语气(一一) subjunctive mood (i) sbd(k)tiv grammer 语法语法 陈述语气陈述语气 (the indicative mood) i went to the theatre yesterday. jack havent come back home yet. have you ever been to france? what a splendid palace! 祈祈使语气使语气 (the imperative mood) lets go. dont touch anything on the table until the

2、bell rings. 一一. 语气的分类语气的分类 虚拟语气虚拟语气 the subjunctive mood 1). if i were you, i would not leave her alone. 2).our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon. 2021-5-20 条件句条件句表示表示主句主句的条件的条件,分分真实条件句真实条件句 和和虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种。两种。 a.真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或有可能实现的真的或有可能实现的, 采采 用用陈述语气陈述语

3、气。 if it rains, the basketball match will be put off. b. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是无法实现无法实现或或几乎无法实现几乎无法实现 的的, 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 if i were you, i would study hard to enter the key university. 二二. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 if 虚拟条件句的概念虚拟条件句的概念 由由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 i could easily recognize him if i had seen

4、 him before. 其他虚拟条件句其他虚拟条件句 without your help, i couldnt have finished my work on time. 三三. if 虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构 a. 表示表示现在现在的假设的假设 b. 表示表示过去过去的假设的假设 c. 表示表示将来将来的假设的假设 what would you do if you won the lottery? if i won the lottery, i would if i had a lot of money, i _a villa.would buy if i had a lot o

5、f money now, i _ _around the world.would travel 条件条件 从句从句 if 从句的谓语从句的谓语 形式形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 现在现在 过去式过去式 did/were would/could/should /might +v. (原原) 1虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 a. if they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. if the world-war _ (break) out again, what _ (happen) to our peo

6、ple on the earth? were would take broke would happen practice 1: fill in the blanks. c. if the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. if i _ (be) in your position, i _ (ask) for teachers help. were not could be were would ask if he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yes

7、terday. had driven would not have had if i _ how to swim, i _ trapped in this island. had learnt would not have been 条件条件 从句从句 if 从句的谓从句的谓 语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时 had done would/could/should/ might + have+ done a. if tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. if yo

8、u _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train. had been would have passed had got would have caught practice 2: fill in the blanks c. if i _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together. d. if the hurricane_ (happen) during the daytime, there_ (be)more deaths. had met would have gon

9、e had happened would have been n. n. 飓风，暴风飓风，暴风 if he got up early, he would be on time. 假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？ if he were to come, what should we say to him? 假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认识我。就会认识我。 if he should see me, he would know me. 条件条件 从句从句 if 从句的谓语从句的谓语 形式形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 将来将来 1.动词过去式动词过去式 2.sho

10、uld+v. 3. were to do would/could/ should/ might +v. (原原) a. if there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. what _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow? should be should make would happen should get up practice 3: fill in the blanks c. if robots _ (control

11、) the world some day, there _ (be) no friendship. d. if it _(rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). were to control would be rained/should rain/were to rain should not go out 条件从条件从 句与句与- 事实相事实相 反反 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 现在现在 过去过去 未来未来 过去式过去式 did (或或were) 过去完成时过去完成时 had done would/could/should/ mig

12、ht +do would/could/should/ might+have+done 1.过去式过去式 did 2. should+ v.(原原) 3. were to do would/could/should /might +do 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 (没商量，无条件背会没商量，无条件背会) 详见课本详见课本p86 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混混 合虚拟合虚拟语气结构语气结构。 1).if he had followed the doctors advice, he would be well.

13、 2).if i were you ,i would not have gone to see the film yesterday. 在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句 表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动 词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。 与过去相反与过去相反与将来相反与将来相反 与现在相反与现在相反与过去相反与过去相反 虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句的倒装倒装 在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should时时,

14、可省可省 略略if,把把 were, had, should 移到移到主语前面主语前面, 采取部分倒装。采取部分倒装。 1) if i were you, i would try it again. were i you, i would try it again. 2) if they were to arrive before we depart tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party. were they to arrive before we depart tomorrow, 3) if you had studied hard, you

15、might have passed the exam. had you studied hard, you might have passed the exam. 4) if he should be interested in climbing, ill phone him. should he be interested in climbing, ill phone him. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型 wish in subjunctive mood wish+：表示不能实现的愿望，：表示不能实现的愿望， 表示表示“但愿但愿.； 就好了；可惜就好了；可惜；多好多好 1. 表示表示现

16、在现在不能实现的愿望，不能实现的愿望，从句从句的的谓语谓语动动 词用词用过去式过去式。 要是我能返老还童就好了。要是我能返老还童就好了。 i wish (that) i were young again. 我但愿自己能年轻我但愿自己能年轻10岁。岁。 i wish i were ten years younger. 2. 表示表示将来将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用 would/could/might+动词原形动词原形() 但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。 i wish i could fly to the moon one day.

17、 3. 表示表示过去过去不能实现的愿望不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用 过去完成时过去完成时 （） how i wish i had studied hard before the exam. 要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！ 1. wish 的宾语的宾语 从句从句 现在现在: 过去时（或过去时（或were） 过去过去: 未来未来: would/could/might +v. should i wish every day _(be) my birthday. were i wish / wished i_ (not eat) so much watermelon. hadnt eaten 2. would rather sb. 宁愿宁愿/宁可某人宁可某人. 现在现在: 过去过去: 未来未来: 过去时过去时 过去时过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 我宁可你现在去那里。我宁可你现在去那里。(would rather) i would rather you went there now. 我宁可你昨天走了。我宁可你昨天走了。 i