英美概况下册书后问答题答案

1、问答题60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealands geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Euro

2、pe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in todays American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United Stat

3、es? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a

4、new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branche

5、s supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historic

6、al necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme i

7、n American literature according to the author? How does the authorillustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the Lost Generation?79.

8、What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical back

9、ground of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and

10、the womens movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty m

11、ean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why d

12、id a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91. What is the distinct f

13、eature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. andCanada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do yo

14、u understand multiculturalism?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses ofintoleranceand prejudice?97. What is the Canadas Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff f

15、rom neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canadas active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its activ

16、e role?60. Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is a large, long group of islands, 1600 kilometres from north to south. There are two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The third largest island, Stewart Island, is south of the South Isla

17、nd, and there are many smaller islands, including uninhabited isolated islands hundreds of kilometres offshore. Its nearest large neighbour-Australia is almost 2 000 km away.61. New Zealands constitution is made up of parliamentary statutes (laws), judicial rulings (court decisions) and administrati

18、ve practices. New Zealand has no written constitution. The Constitution Act 1986 defines the relationship between the legislative (Parliament), executive (Government departments and agencies) and judicial (the courts) roles of government.New Zealand is an independent state, governed by a democratica

19、lly elected parliament. The Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand, represented by a Governor-General. The Governor-Generals agreement is required for an Act of Parliament to become law.62. With the fast development of commerce and trade, the

20、bourgeoisie became increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy. They wanted to share power with feudal lords and in some countries such as England they wanted to have more power from the king so that they could have free development. The English Revolution was the result of this growth o

21、f capitalism.63. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. Here in dividuals of all n atio ns are mted into a new race of men, whose labors and

22、 posterity will one day cause great changes in the world.The American is a new man, whoacts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions.64. New England also established another American traditiona strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that g

23、overnments should enforce Gods morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts.

24、In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.6

25、5. the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, which evolved out of Thomas Jeffersons party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The other is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West,

26、 such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party isthe elephant.66. The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two

27、 years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and

28、 subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights.67. The Articles of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the nationa

29、l army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given noauthority to force any state to do anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that.68. The Constitution set up a federal system with

30、 a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only

31、by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court.69. If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law. Congress can enact the la

32、w despite the presidents views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it.If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect. The presiden

33、t has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the pr

34、esident from making unwise appointments70. In order to invest, individuals do not have to have a great deal of money: they can buy just a small portion of a business called a share. The business of buying and selling shares in enterprises has become so big that offices have had to be set up where th

35、e selling of shares, or stock , can take place. These places, located in many cities in the United States and around the world, are called stock exchanges. The best-known is perhaps the New York Stock Exchange, located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the nations largest city and a major bu

36、siness center.71. Continuous immigration.72. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. Many traditional Protestants and deist

37、s could agree, however, that, as The Declaration of Independence states, all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, and that the laws of Nature and Natures God entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed,

38、 as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion. The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens.73. In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups d

39、o not pay taxes in the United States. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief not even a belief in God as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.74.

40、 First of all, Americans with different religions live together under the same law. Secondly, the religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. Thirdly, in theUnitedStates every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its o

41、wn building.75. The questing of the American people has indeed been a drama of many parts. In one way or another, however, it has always been a pursuit of happiness. American literature is the continuous narrative of that pursuit.76. Mark Twain was the first major American writer to be born away fro

42、m the East Coast. He grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River and received only a basic public school education. He began working in a printers shop when he was still a boy, and this experience led to a series of newspaper jobs in the Midwest and the West. Twain was a new voice,

43、 an original genius, a man of the people, and he quickly won readers.77. Americans have a strong tendency to educate their children about major public concerns problems such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, neighborhood crime and drugs. Responding to public pressure, boards of education i

44、n different areas often add courses on various relevant issues to the elementary and secondary school curriculum.78. The Lost Generation is a term used to describe the generation of young men and women who came to maturity in the 20s. Some of them fought in World War I. They became disgusted with wa

45、r and disillusioned with the post-war society. They shared the same sense of dislocation, rootlessness and disillusionment.79. The goal isand has been since the early decades of the republic to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote b

46、oth their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved, it remains an ideal toward which the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which

47、 have been developed in the process of achieving it.80. American students pass through several levels of schooling and thus, several curricula on their way to a high school diploma. They attend: Elementary School, Secondary School, high school.81. The Civil Rights Movement, Y outh Anti- war Movement

48、, Women s Liberation movement and etc.82. Although these segregation laws were illegal under the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the US government would not declare the Southern laws unconstitutional until there were cases brought in federal courts. The civil rights movement began

49、when black people spontaneously protested segregation laws and created organizations to make the protests successful. Long before the students in Greensboro, North Carolina began their sit-ins, there were many others who protested the segregation laws.83. The women activities were most in the civil

50、rights and anti-war movements before. They believed the male leaders of these movements were discriminating against women in the movement just like White sdiscrimination against black men. They became known as the womens liberation group, or womens lib, used radical tactics and received a great deal

51、 of bad publicity. This group found strong support among large numbers of young activists from other organizations.84. For example, the racial discrimination, sex discrimination, class structure, etc.85. Poverty in the United States does not simply mean that the poor do not live quite as well as oth

52、er citizens. It means many old people eating dog and cat food to supplement their diets. It means malnutrition and deprivation for hundreds of thousands of children. It means greater susceptibility to disease, to alcoholism, to victimization by criminals, and to mental disorders. It often means unst

53、able marriages, slum housing, illiteracy, ignorance, inadequate medical facilities, and shortened life expectancy. Poverty can mean low self-esteem, despair, and stunting of humanpotential.86. A technology is a system of practices, often involving a physical device that accomplishes some result desi

54、red by some influential segments of society: government planners, military leaders, businessmen, or even a large proportion of citizen consumers.87. The late summer (preseason), the fall (regular season), and the winter until late in January (post-season, or play off time ). All this culminates in t

55、he Super Bowl to decide the champion team for the year.88. It is a uniquely American contribution to the arts. No other art form, painting, fiction, poetry, has had a distinctive American contribution as has jazz music. Composers around the world during the twentieth century found inspiration in ear

56、ly American jazz.89. But Armstrong himself left Chicago in 1924 for New York with his new wife, Lil Hardin, toplay with Fletcher Hendersons orchestra. Armstrong organized, with the help of his wife, several of his friends into the recording groups known as the Hot Five and the Hot Seven to make a ju

57、stly Hot Five Dancing in the Roaring Twenties famous series of recordings for the Okeh Recording company. At this time, 1926, Armstrong also recorded his famous scat singing, vocalizing nonsense syllables in tune with the music. Armstrong continued to play and record during the 1930s, both in Americ

58、a and in Europe. With the New Orleans revival in the late 1940s and with his motion picture appearances, particularly with the popular Bing Crosby, Armstrong once again shone brightly as Americas foremost jazz musician.90. It has a lively and rich culture, with many world famous actors, pop stars an

59、d writers. In annual quality of life surveys produced by the United Nation each year, Canada regularly is rated as having the best standard of living in the world because of its health care, education, clean environment, social welfare, and so on.91. In Modern literature, Canadian nationhood was no longer in doubt from an outside perspective, but from the inside the nature