高中英语被动语态讲解与练习(含答案)

1、高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时2 ） has /have been done现在完成时3） am/is /are being done现在进行时4） was/were done一般过去时5） had been done过去完成时6） was/were being done过去进行时7） shall/will be done一般将来时8） should/would

2、 be done过去将来时9） shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for

3、 his birthday.可改为 He was given a present byhis mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语， 其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking acigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to

4、要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词介词”， “动词副词”等， 也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态 ( 一般时态和完成时态)。例 I dont li

5、ke being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者( 这时可省by 短语 )。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus a

6、nd was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say, suppose,think 等可以用于句型“ It be过去分词 that 从句”或“主语 be过去分词 to do sth. ”。有：Itis said that 据说 ,It is reported that据报道， Itis believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望， It is well know

7、n that众所周知， It is thought that大家认为， It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said thatthe boy haspassed the national exam.（ The boy is said to havepassed the national exam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如break ， catch ， clean ， drive ，lock ， open， sell ， read ，write ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义, 主

8、语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out,come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do th

9、e newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 在 need ， want， require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这

10、房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语， 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时， 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与 things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。 )

11、试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post 动作的执行者。)4.在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice ，easy，fit，hard ， difficult， important， impossible， pleasant，interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可

12、看作to work out省略了 for me ） .5 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在 there be 句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to lose （ to be lost ）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ，谁 lost time 不明确。）7.在 be to do 结构中的一些不

13、定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而, 由于古英语的影响 , 下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等 + 名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under + 名词 ”结构，表示 “某事在进行中 ”。常见的有： under control （受控制） , undertreatment （在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中）

14、 , under discussion （在讨论中） , under construction （在施工中）。例 The building is under construction( is being constructed).2 “beyond+名词 ”结构， “出乎 胜过 、范围、限度 ”。常见的有： beyond belief ( 令人难以置信 )， beyond one s reach （鞭长莫及）， beyond one s control （无法控制）， beyond ourhope 我们的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief（ =cant b

15、e believed ）3. “above+名词 ”结构 , 表示 “(品质、行为、能力等 ) 超过 、高于 ”。例 His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praisedenough 4 “for+名词”结构，表示“适于 、 为着 ”。如： for sale( 出售 ), for rent （出租）等。例 That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名词 ”结构 ，表示 “在过程中或范围内 ”常见的有： in pri

16、nt （在印刷中），in sight( 在视野范围内 )，等。例 The book is not yet in print (=is not yet printed)6 “on+名词 ”结构 , 表示 “在从事 中 ”。常见的有： on sale( 出售 )， on show （展出） , ontrial （受审）。例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名词 ”结构； 表示“超出 之外 “，常见的有： out of control (控制不了 ) ，outof sight（超

17、出视线之外） ， out of one s reach(够不着 ), out of fashion(不流行 ) 等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8 “within+名词 ”结构， “在内、不超过 ”。例 He took two days off within the teachers permission七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当 “be+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时， be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词 b

18、y 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动

19、词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因为 serve 是及物动词，其动作承受者 tea 作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2). This is Tedsphone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is kille

20、dC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且 Ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和 “paint应”该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。

21、不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.（上海春2003 ）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide 是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以 decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet ，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5). The manager e

22、ntered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets_. （上海春 2001 ）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中 tickets 是 book( 订票 ) 的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在 entered the office 这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 , 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与

23、其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D 两项；又因 remains 的逻辑主语it 是动词 see 说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行 ”这件事，这件事有待于 “被决定 ”，应使

24、用动词不定式的被动形式。2). While shopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_ intobuyingsomething theydontreally need. （上海1996 ）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析 C cant help doing 禁不“住做某事 ”，排除 A 和 D；顾客应是 “被劝说 ”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3） . I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.（上海200

25、2 ）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在 be to do结构中， 在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame ， to let 等。【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept； will have toB are not kept ； haveC do not keep； wil

26、l have toD do not keep ； have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes ， it all depends on the weatherA Ive been toldB Ive toldC

27、 Im toldD I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in thenear future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut6. The new suspension

28、bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. was brokenD. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been

29、 taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costedB. costedC. is costedD. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pret ty small house that _ for?A. i

30、s being builtB. has been builtC. is builtD. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt12.It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA writeBto writeC to be writtenD written13.I have no more letters _， thank youA to type B typingC to be typedD

31、typed14.Take care! Don t drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. won t wash out B. won t be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isn t washing out15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD. go out16.The computers on the

32、table _ Professor Smith.A. belongsB. are belonged toC. belongs toD. belong to17.- What do you think of the book?- Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catc

33、h19.This page needed _ again.A. being checkedB. checkedC. to checkD. to be checked20._ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taughtB. Having been taughtC. taughtD. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC6-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD16-20 DCCDB被动语态专项练习题1.Our house_,A . is getting paintB . is ge

34、tting paintedC . is got paintedD . has got to paint2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend .A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by3.The war_in 1937A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.A . crossB . be

35、crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by5.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to6.It_this wayA . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do7.It_this way.A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is

36、used to doing8._Chaplin.A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name callsC . The child callsD . The child is named9.The sports meeting_ .A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off10.Mary realized she_A . was making fun ofB . was made funC . was being made fun ofD . was bei

37、ng made fun11._to say a thing in that wayA . It is considers wrongB . It is considered wrongC . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong12.He ordered that the books_at once.A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print13.The story_in ChinA .A . was taken placeB . was happen

38、edC . took placeD . has been taken place14.The house_my parentsA . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to15.He_by his teacher.A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seenD . was happened to be seen16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings.A . have

39、 been taken place, have been set upB . have taken place, have been set upC . have been taken place, have been set upD . were taken place, were set up17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps.A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnishedC . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full18.T

40、he new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_.A . had already taken offB . already took offC . was already taking offD . was already taken off20. Some of the hotels in

41、 my hometown_.A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuildingC . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now21. If city noises _ from increasing ， people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept ； will have toB . are not kept； haveC . do not keep； will have toD . do not keep ； have to22. T

42、he fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A . developedB . have developedC . are being developedD . will have been developed23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes ，it all depends on the weather A . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD . I told24. I

43、need one more stamp before my collection _.A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is completed25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut26. The new suspension bridge _ by

44、 the end of last month.A . has been designedB . had been designedC . was designedD . would be designed27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set upB . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set upD . were taken place; were set up29. That